Abstract Objective(s): Endoscopic thyroidectomy, such as axillary, areola and transoral approaches, offer the advantage of a good cosmetic outcome, but it requires a wider dissection field compared to open thyroidectomy. Recently, chest-collarbone approach thyroidectomy has been widely developed in China because of its shorter anatomical route compared to other endoscopic approaches. This study retrospectively evaluated endoscopic thyroidectomy via chest-collarbone approach in patients with thyroid nodules to determine its feasibility. Methods: A total of 46 patients with thyroid disease who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy between January 2022 and December 2022 were enrolled in the study and randomly matched to patients with thyroid disease who underwent open thyroidectomy at the same time based on nodule size and pathology. Postoperative bleeding, hoarseness situation, hospital stay, postoperative drainage volume, laryngeal nerve palsy, hypoparathyroidism and wound infection were assessed in both groups. Results: Forty-four patients underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy successfully and two patients changed to open thyroidectomy. The amount of postoperative drainage for the endoscopic thyroidectomy group was 102.78 ± 28.04 mL, and which was 71.91 ± 19.20 for open thyroidectomy group (p < 0.001). The postoperative hospital stay for the endoscopic thyroidectomy group was 8.78 ± 2.57 days, and which was 7.22 ± 1.13 for open thyroidectomy group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in postoperative bleeding, hoarseness situation, and wound infection between the two groups. Laryngeal nerve palsy, supraclavicular nerve injury and hypoparathyroidism were not observed in any patient during this study. Conclusion: Chest-collarbone endoscopic thyroid surgery is acceptable. This treatment improves in a good cosmetic outcome in patients with thyroid disease. To assess patients with preoperative nodule size and nature of the case is the impact of the success rate, which is particularly important. Objectives Objective s Objective(s) axillary approaches Recently chestcollarbone chest collarbone feasibility Methods 4 202 pathology bleeding situation volume palsy groups Results Fortyfour Forty four 10278 102 78 102.7 2804 28 04 28.0 mL 7191 71 91 71.9 1920 19 20 19.2 p 0.001. 0001 0.001 . 0 001 0.001) 878 8 8.7 257 2 57 2.5 days 722 7 22 7.2 113 1 13 1.1 Conclusion Chestcollarbone Chest acceptable rate important Objective(s 1027 10 102. 280 28. 719 9 71. 192 19. 000 0.00 00 87 8. 25 5 2. 72 7. 11 1. 0.0 0.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to use validated measures to evaluate the functional and esthetic outcomes in patients who underwent functional rhinoplasty for Internal Nasal Valve Dysfunction (INVD) in Korea. Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent functional rhinoplasty for INVD confirmed by endoscopic findings and the modified Cottle test between 2016 and 2018 was performed. Nasal obstruction was assessed with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale. Acoustic rhinometry was performed pre- and post-operatively. The Minimal Cross-Sectional Area (MCA) of the nose was measured. Objective assessment of the esthetic outcomes was performed with the Objective Rhinoplasty Outcome Score (OROS), which assesses tip rotation, projection, width, dorsal height, width, length, symmetry, and the overall result. Results: Fifty-seven patients (46 men and 11 women; mean age, 30.5 ± 12.3 years) who underwent functional rhinoplasty were included in this study. The VAS and NOSE scores indicated functional improvement in all cases (all p<0.001). There were no significant between-group differences (VAS score, p = 0.274; NOSE score, p = 0.952). The objective functional outcomes evaluated using MCA on the concave (p = 0.478) and convex (p = 0.631) sides did not differ significantly pre- and post-operatively. The subjective evaluation of esthetic satisfaction revealed no between-group difference. Moreover, 31 out of 44 patients (70.5%) with static INVD and nine out of 14 patients (64.3%) with dynamic or combined INVD showed excellent outcomes. Regarding objective esthetic outcomes, scores for the eight factors were >3, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (all p> 0.05). Conclusions: Functional rhinoplasty, including extracorporeal septoplasty and spreader grafting, may be a viable option for correcting INVD with functional and esthetic improvement. Dynamic INVD is less prevalent among Asians, and there was no significant difference in the surgical outcomes compared with those of static INVD. Level of Evidence: Level 4. (INVD Korea Methods 201 (NOSE scale pre postoperatively. postoperatively post operatively. operatively post-operatively CrossSectional Cross Sectional (MCA measured OROS, OROS , (OROS) rotation projection width height length symmetry result Results Fiftyseven Fifty seven 46 (4 1 women age 305 30 5 30. 123 12 3 12. years p<0.001. p0001 p<0.001 . 0 001 p<0.001) betweengroup group score 0.274 0274 274 0.952. 0952 0.952 952 0.952) 0.478 0478 478 0.631 0631 631 Moreover 4 70.5% 705 70 (70.5% 64.3% 643 64 (64.3% >3 0.05. 005 0.05 05 0.05) Conclusions grafting Asians Evidence 20 (OROS ( p000 p<0.00 00 0.27 027 27 095 0.95 95 0.47 047 47 0.63 063 63 70.5 7 (70.5 64.3 6 (64.3 > 0.0 2 p00 p<0.0 0.2 02 09 0.9 9 0.4 04 0.6 06 70. (70. 64. (64. 0. p0 p<0. (70 (64 p<0 (7 (6 p<

Abstract Objectives: The role of Epoxide Hydrolase-4 (EPHX4), a member of epoxide hydrolase family, has not been investigated in cancer. The purpose of this article is to explore the application value of EPHX4 in laryngeal cancer and its relationship with immune infiltration. Methods: We observed that EPHX4 expression and its survival assays in laryngeal cancer specimens based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohorts. We also analyzed the correlation between immune cell infiltration levels and EPHX4 gene copy number in laryngeal cancer. Finally, we conducted in vitro assay to evaluate the functions of EPHX4 in laryngeal cancer cell line. Results: EPHX4 is highly expressed in laryngeal cancer specimens and has a poor prognosis. EPHX4 related immune cell analysis showed that it participated in NK Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. Finally, Cell experiments indicate that EPHX4 could promote laryngeal cancer cell line proliferation, colony formation and invasion. Conclusions: Our research results suggest that EPHX4 may be a potential immunotherapy target for laryngeal cancer. The nominated immune signature is a helpful and promising prognostic indicator in laryngeal cancer. Levels of Evidence: Level 3. Objectives Hydrolase4 Hydrolase 4 Hydrolase- EPHX4, EPHX , (EPHX4) family Methods TCGA (TCGA cohorts Finally Results prognosis cytotoxicity proliferation invasion Conclusions Evidence 3 (EPHX4 (EPHX

Abstract Objective To analyze the effect of mast cells (MCs) in neurogenic inflammation and the neuroimmune response of trigeminal ganglia (TG) due to pulpitis and detect the regulatory effect of curcumin (Cur) on neuroimmune responses induced by pulpitis. Methodology Immunohistochemistry, toluidine blue staining (TB), and other methods were used to detect the dynamic changes of MCs, as well as tryptase expression changes and protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels in the neuroimmune response induced by pulpitis. After administering Cur by intraperitoneal injection, the expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), CGRP, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), fractalkine (CX3CL1), Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and other factors were examined in the TG of pulpitis-induced rats. Results After pulpitis induction, the expression of CGRP-positive neurons and GFAP-positive soluble guanylate cyclase (SGC) in the TG significantly increased. A large number of MCs underwent degranulation. MCs were scattered between the CGRP-positive nerve fibers. MCs showing a typical degranulated state within the TG significantly increased and tryptase-positive MCs surrounded the TG nerve fibers and neurons. After treatment with Cur, the inflammatory response in the periodontal bone induced by pulpitis decreased and promoted early tissue repair. The expression of TNF-α significantly decreased as did degranulation of MCs. In contrast, the expression of CGRP, TLR4-positive neurons, activated SGCs, and PAR2-positive TG neurons significantly decreased. MCs could participate in the neuroimmune response induced by pulpitis by the tryptase signaling pathway. Conclusion Importantly, Cur inhibited the degranulation of MCs, downregulated the expression of tryptase and PAR2 in the TG, and attenuated the activation response of osteoclasts in the apical periodontium. (MCs (TG (Cur Immunohistochemistry TB, TB , (TB) PAR (PAR2 generelated gene related CGRP (CGRP injection Tolllike Toll like TLR4, TLR4 TLR (TLR4) GFAP, GFAP (GFAP) CX3CL1, CX3CL1 CXCL CX CL (CX3CL1) TNFα, TNFα TNF α (TNF-α) pulpitisinduced rats induction CGRPpositive positive GFAPpositive SGC (SGC tryptasepositive repair contrast TLR4positive TLRpositive SGCs PAR2positive PARpositive pathway Importantly periodontium (TB (PAR (TLR4 (GFAP CX3CL (CX3CL1 (TNF-α (TLR (CX3CL

Abstract Pinalia elata is an attractive endemic species of Peninsular Malaysia, known from only six localities within the Titiwangsa mountain range where it is confined to montane vegetation. However, four of these localities are now threatened by anthropogenic factors, raising concerns about the ongoing survival of this endemic species in the wild. Despite efforts to understand the conservation status of Malaysian orchid species, there remains much work to be done, particularly for endemic species confined to remote and mountainous areas. Therefore, this paper provides a detailed morphological description, photographic illustrations for easy identification of the species, and a conservation assessment based on the IUCN Classification Criteria. Morphologically, P. elata can be easily distinguished from the other Pinalia species in Peninsular Malaysia by its erect inflorescences with well-spaced, closed flowers along the apical half, subtended by prominently large purplish-brown bracts. The flowers resemble buds with the labellum hidden by the petals and sepals. A preliminary risk-of-extinction assessment categorizes P. elata as critically endangered, CR A2acd C2a(i) D, according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.

Abstract Background The precise underlying mechanism of antioxidant effects of dexmedetomidine-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia has not yet been fully elucidated. Activation of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) represents a major antioxidant-defense mechanism. Therefore, we determined whether dexmedetomidine increases Nrf2/HO-1 expression after global transient cerebral ischemia and assessed the involvement of Protein Kinase C (PKC) in the dexmedetomidine-related antioxidant mechanism. Methods Thirty-eight rats were randomly assigned to five groups: sham (n = 6), ischemic (n = 8), chelerythrine (a PKC inhibitor; 5 mg.kg-1 IV administered 30 min before cerebral ischemia) (n = 8), dexmedetomidine (100 µg.kg-1 IP administered 30 min before cerebral ischemia (n = 8), and dexmedetomidine + chelerythrine (n = 8). Global transient cerebral ischemia (10 min) was applied in all groups, except the sham group; histopathologic changes and levels of nuclear Nrf2 and cytoplasmic HO-1 were examined 24 hours after ischemia insult. Results We found fewer necrotic and apoptotic cells in the dexmedetomidine group relative to the ischemic group (p< 0.01) and significantly higher Nrf2 and HO-1 levels in the dexmedetomidine group than in the ischemic group (p< 0.01). Additionally, chelerythrine co-administration with dexmedetomidine attenuated the dexmedetomidine-induced increases in Nrf2 and HO-1 levels (p< 0.05 and p< 0.01, respectively) and diminished its beneficial neuroprotective effects. Conclusion Preischemic dexmedetomidine administration elicited neuroprotection against global transient cerebral ischemia in rats by increasing Nrf2/HO-1 expression partly via PKC signaling, suggesting that this is the antioxidant mechanism underlying dexmedetomidine-mediated neuroprotection. dexmedetomidineinduced induced elucidated 2related related 2 Nrf (Nrf2 Oxygenase1 Oxygenase 1 Oxygenase- HO1 HO (HO-1 antioxidantdefense defense Therefore Nrf2/HO1 Nrf2HO1 NrfHO Nrf2/HO Nrf2/HO- (PKC dexmedetomidinerelated Thirtyeight Thirty eight groups n 6, 6 , 6) 8, 8 8) inhibitor mg.kg1 mgkg1 mgkg mg.kg mg kg mg.kg- 3 100 µg.kg1 µgkg1 µgkg µg.kg µg µg.kg- 8. . 10 (1 HO- insult p (p 0.01 001 0 01 0.01. Additionally coadministration co 005 05 0.0 respectively signaling dexmedetomidinemediated mediated (Nrf (HO- Nrf2HO kg1 ( 00 0. (HO

Rapid recognition of the sources of drugs can provide some valuable clues and the basis for determining the nature of the case. A novel recognition method was put forward to identify the sources of heroin drugs rapidly and non-destructively by using a hand-held near infrared (NIR) spectrometer and a multi-layer-extreme learning machine (ML-ELM) algorithm. In contrast to traditional linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM) and extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithms, the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity were the highest for the proposed ML-ELM algorithm. The prediction accuracy of the ML-ELM algorithm was 25.33, 20.00, 17.33% higher than that of LDA, SVM and ELM algorithm, respectively, for 4 cases. The ML-ELM models for recognizing the different sources of heroin drugs had the best generalization ability and prediction results. The experimental results indicated that the combination of the hand held NIR technology and ML-ELM algorithm can recognize the different sources of heroin drugs rapidly, accurately, and non-destructively on the spot. case nondestructively non destructively handheld (NIR multilayerextreme multi layer MLELM ML (ML-ELM LDA , (LDA) (SVM (ELM algorithms 2533 25 33 25.33 2000 20 00 20.00 1733 17 17.33 respectively cases accurately spot (LDA 253 2 3 25.3 200 0 20.0 173 1 17.3 25. 20. 17.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Knockdown of fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) can induce N6-methyladenosine (m 6A) ribonucleic acid (RNA) methylation. The objective of this study was to explore the effect of m 6A RNA methylation on atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque by FTO knockdown. Methods: A total of 50 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into pure high-fat group, sham operation group, vulnerable plaque group, empty load group, and FTO knockdown group (10 rabbits/group). Results: Flow cytometry showed that helper T (Th) cells in the FTO knockdown group accounted for a significantly higher proportion of lymphocytes than in the vulnerable plaque group and empty load group (P<0.05). Th cells were screened by cell flow. The level of m 6A RNA methylation in the FTO knockdown group was significantly higher than in the vulnerable plaque group and empty load group (P<0.05). The levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein C were higher at the 12th week than at the 1st week, but the high-density lipoprotein C level was lower at the 12th week than at the 1st week. At the 12th week, the interleukin-7 level was significantly lower in the adeno-associated virus-9 (AVV9)-FTO short hairpin RNA group than in the control and AVV9-green fluorescent protein groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: After successfully establishing a vascular parkinsonism rabbit model, m 6A RNA methylation can decrease Th cells and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques. Introduction obesityassociated obesity associated (FTO N6methyladenosine Nmethyladenosine N6 methyladenosine N (RNA Methods 5 highfat high 10 (1 rabbits/group. rabbitsgroup rabbits/group . rabbits/group) Results (Th P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 0 05 (P<0.05) flow cholesterol triglyceride lowdensity low density th st highdensity interleukin7 interleukin 7 interleukin- adenoassociated adeno virus9 virus 9 virus- AVV9FTO AVVFTO AVV9 AVV AVV9green AVVgreen green P<0.001. P0001 P<0.001 001 (P<0.001) Conclusion model plaques 1 ( P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 P000 P<0.00 00 (P<0.001 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 (P<0.00 P<0 (P<0. P< (P<0 (P< (P

Abstract Voriconazole increases tacrolimus blood concentration significantly when coadministrated. The recommendation of reducing tacrolimus to 1/3 in voriconazole package insert seems not to be satisfactory in clinical practice. In vitro studies demonstrated that the magnitude of inhibition depends on the concentration of voriconazole, while voriconazole exposure is determined by the genotype status of CYP2C19. CYP2C19 gene polymorphism challenges the management of drug-drug interactions(DDIs) between voriconazole and tacrolimus. This work aimed to predict the impact of CYP2C19 polymorphism on the DDIs by using physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) models. The precision of the developed voriconazole and tacrolimus models was reasonable by evaluating the pharmacokinetic parameters fold error, such as AUC0-24, Cmax and tmax. Voriconazole increased tacrolimus concentration immediately in all population. The simulated duration of DDIs disappearance after voriconazole withdrawal were 146h, 90h and 66h in poor metabolizers (PMs), intermediate metabolizers (IMs) and extensive metabolizers(EMs), respectively. The developed and optimized PBPK models in this study can be applied to assit the dose adjustment for tacrolimus with and without voriconazole. coadministrated 13 1 3 1/ practice CYPC CYP C CYP2C1 drugdrug drug interactionsDDIs interactions interactions(DDIs (PBPK error AUC024, AUC024 AUC AUC0 24, 24 AUC0-24 tmax population 146h h PMs, PMs , (PMs) IMs (IMs metabolizersEMs, metabolizersEMs EMs metabolizers(EMs) respectively CYP2C AUC02 2 AUC0-2 (PMs metabolizers(EMs AUC0-

Abstract: Seed ageing during storage or shipping can affect the yield and cost of agricultural production. Sweet corn is a naturally mutated corn cultivar with weak seed vitality during storage. In this study, we have shown that endogenous hormone level dynamics of fresh and aged sweet corn seeds were different during early geminating process. Transcriptomic assembling uncovered several novel transcripts during early stage of sweet corn germination in signal transduction and RNA processing pathways. Comparative transcriptomic profiling revealed that expression of many genes was activated earlier in aged seeds than fresh ones. Functional analyses showed that, as two major networks, plant hormone signaling and defense pathways were different between fresh and aged sweet corn seeds. Auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways were activated earlier in aged seeds than fresh ones on the first day after imbibition. These results provided knowledge for understanding the ageing process of sweet corn seeds and several candidate genes for genetic study of seed ageing mechanism. Abstract production networks Auxin cytokinin gibberellin imbibition mechanism

Resumo: O envelhecimento da semente durante o armazenamento ou transporte pode afetar o rendimento e o custo da produção agrícola. O milho doce é um mutante natural com fraca vitalidade da semente durante o armazenamento. Neste estudo, mostramos que a dinâmica do nível de hormônio endógeno de sementes de milho doce recém-colhidas e envelhecidas foi diferente durante o processo de geminação precoce. A análise transcriptômica revelou vários novos transcritos durante o estágio inicial da germinação do milho doce nas vias de transdução de sinal e processamento de RNA. O perfil transcriptômico comparativo revelou que a expressão de muitos genes foi ativada mais cedo nas sementes envelhecidas do que nas recém-colhidas. As análises funcionais mostraram que, como duas redes principais, a sinalização de hormônios vegetais e as vias de defesa eram diferentes entre sementes de milho doce recém-colhidas e envelhecidas. As vias de sinalização de auxina, citocinina, giberelina, ácido salicílico e ácido jasmônico foram ativadas mais cedo nas sementes envelhecidas do que nas recém-colhidas no primeiro dia após a embebição. Esses resultados forneceram conhecimento para a compreensão do processo de envelhecimento de sementes de milho doce e vários genes candidatos ao estudo genético do mecanismo de envelhecimento de sementes. Resumo agrícola recémcolhidas recém colhidas precoce RNA recémcolhidas. colhidas. principais auxina citocinina giberelina embebição

ABSTRACT Introduction: Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a potentially fatal disease with a strong genetic contribution. The dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to the formation of this aneurysm. Although previous studies suggested that long non-coding ribonucleic acid (RNA) hypoxia inducible factor 1 α-antisense RNA 1 (HIF1A-AS1) exerted a vital role in the progression and pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm, we managed to find a new regulatory mechanism of HIF1A-AS1 in VSMCs via transcriptomics. Methods: Cell viability was detected by the cell counting kit-8 assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining. Transwell migration assay and wound healing assay were performed to check the migration ability of HIF1A-AS1 on VSMCs. The NextSeq XTen system (Illumina) was used to collect RNA sequencing data. Lastly, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction confirmed the veracity and reliability of RNA-sequencing results. Results: We observed that overexpressing HIF1A-AS1 successfully promoted apoptosis, significantly altered cell cycle distribution, and greatly attenuated migration in VSMCs, further highlighting the robust promoting effects of HIF1A-AS1 to thoracic aortic aneurysm. Moreover, transcriptomics was implemented to uncover its underlying mechanism. A total of 175 differently expressed genes were identified, with some of them enriched in apoptosis, migration, and cell cycle-related pathways. Intriguingly, some differently expressed genes were noted in vascular development or coagulation function pathways. Conclusion: We suggest that HIF1A-AS1 mediated the progression of thoracic aortic aneurysm by not only regulating the function of VSMCs, but also altering vascular development or coagulation function. Introduction contribution (VSMCs noncoding non coding (RNA αantisense α antisense HIF1AAS1 HIFAAS HIF1A AS1 HIF AS (HIF1A-AS1 HIF1A-AS Methods kit8 kit 8 kit- Vfluorescein V fluorescein isothiocyanatepropidium isothiocyanate propidium staining Illumina (Illumina data Lastly transcriptionquantitative transcription quantitative RNAsequencing results Results distribution Moreover 17 identified cyclerelated related pathways Intriguingly Conclusion AAS HIF1AAS HIFA (HIF1A-AS

Abstract: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a globally significant crop and serves as a pioneer crop for improving saline-alkaline soils due to its salt-alkali tolerant properties. However, the response mechanism of barley to alkali stress remains unclear. In this study, two barley genotypes with contrasting performance under alkali stress were selected: the alkali-tolerant SCMS and the alkali-sensitive QT9919. The morphological and physiological mechanisms of these two barley cultivars in response to alkali stress were elucidated. Results showed that alkali stress inhibited germination in QT9919, leading to significant decreases in germination vigor, plant height and root length. On the other hand, SCMS presented stronger water absorbing capacity than QT9919 under all circumstances. Furthermore, starch degradation and sugar metabolism were suppressed by alkali stress in both barley cultivars through down-regulation of genes expression and reduction of enzymes activities involved in the processes of EMP (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas), tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Notably, enzyme activity of hexokinase (HK) and malic dehydrogenase (MDH) showed significant changes under alkali stress between the two barley genotypes. This study provides insights into screening barley germplasm with strong alkali-tolerance and holds significant implications for improving and utilizing of saline-alkaline soils. Abstract Hordeum L. L salinealkaline saline alkaline saltalkali salt properties However unclear selected alkalitolerant alkalisensitive sensitive QT elucidated vigor length hand QT991 circumstances Furthermore downregulation down regulation EmbdenMeyerhofParnas, EmbdenMeyerhofParnas Embden Meyerhof Parnas , (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas) TCA, TCA (TCA) PPP. PPP . (PPP) Notably HK (HK MDH (MDH alkalitolerance tolerance QT99 (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (TCA (PPP QT9

Resumo: A cevada (Hordeum vulgare L.) é uma cultura globalmente significativa e serve como uma cultura pioneira para melhorar solos salino-alcalinos devido às suas propriedades de tolerância aos sais e à alcalinidade. No entanto, o mecanismo de resposta da cevada ao estresse alcalino permanece desconhecido. Neste estudo, foram selecionados dois genótipos de cevada com desempenho contrastante sob estresse alcalino: o SCMS tolerante e o QT9919 sensível à alcalinidade. Os mecanismos morfológicos e fisiológicos destas duas cultivares de cevada em resposta ao estresse alcalino foram elucidados. Os resultados mostraram que o estresse alcalino inibiu a germinação em QT9919, levando a reduções significativas no vigor da germinação, na altura da planta e no comprimento da raiz. Por outro lado, o SCMS apresentou maior capacidade de absorção de água que o QT9919 em todas as circunstâncias. Além disso, a degradação do amido e o metabolismo do açúcar foram suprimidos pelo estresse alcalino em ambas as cultivares de cevada através da regulação negativa da expressão genética e da redução das atividades enzimáticas envolvidas nas vias de EMP (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas), ciclo do ácido tricarboxílico (TCA) e via das pentoses fosfato (PPP). Claramente, as atividades enzimáticas de hexoquinase (HK) e desidrogenase málica (MDH) mostraram alterações significativas sob estresse alcalino entre os dois genótipos de cevada. Este estudo fornece informações sobre a triagem de germoplasma de cevada com forte tolerância à alcalinidade e tem implicações significativas para a melhoria e utilização de solos salino-alcalinos. Resumo Hordeum L. L salinoalcalinos salino alcalinos entanto desconhecido QT QT991 elucidados raiz lado circunstâncias disso EmbdenMeyerhofParnas, EmbdenMeyerhofParnas Embden Meyerhof Parnas , (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas) TCA (TCA PPP. PPP . (PPP) Claramente HK (HK MDH (MDH salinoalcalinos. alcalinos. QT99 (Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (PPP QT9

Abstract Lung cancer is a major cause of cancer-related death worldwide. This study investigated the regulatory effects of the microRNA-99a-5p (miR-99a-5)/VLDLR axis on lung cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy and its mechanism. miR-99a-5p and VLDLR expression levels were quantified using RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. The IC50 value of cisplatin (DDP) was determined using a CCK-8 assay. Lung cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using the CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of apoptosis-related factors (Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3) were evaluated using RT-qPCR. The direct relationship between miR-99a-5p and VLDLR was validated using dual-luciferase reporter gene and RIP assays. miR-99a-5p was weakly expressed in DDP-resistant lung cancer cells. Overexpression of miR-99a-5p promoted DDP sensitivity, suppressed proliferation and colony formation, and promoted apoptosis of A549/DDP cells in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-99a-5p restrained VLDLR expression by binding to VLDLR 3’UTR, and miR-99a-5p mediated inhibition of VLDLR regulated the DDP sensitivity, proliferation, and apoptosis of A549/ DDP cells. Overexpression of miR-99a-5p inhibited the growth of A549 cells and increased chemosensitivity of A549 cells to DDP in vivo. In conclusion, miR-99a-5p overexpression promotes sensitivity to DDP and cell apoptosis by downregulating VLDLR expression in A549/ DDP cells. cancerrelated related worldwide microRNA99a5p microRNAap microRNA 99a 5p p miR99a5/VLDLR miR99a5VLDLR miRaVLDLR miR 5 /VLDLR mechanism miR99a5p miRap RTqPCR RT qPCR blotting respectively IC IC5 (DDP CCK8 CCK 8 CCK- cytometry apoptosisrelated Bax, Bax (Bax Bcl2, Bcl2 Bcl 2, 2 Bcl-2 Caspase3 Caspase 3 Caspase-3 RTqPCR. qPCR. dualluciferase dual luciferase assays DDPresistant resistant formation A549DDP ADDP A vitro Mechanistically 3UTR, 3UTR UTR UTR, 3’UTR A54 vivo conclusion miR99a5 Bcl- Caspase- A5 miRa miR99a

RESUMO Ventilação pulmonar unilateral (OLV) frequentemente resulta em trauma no pulmão contralateral não ventilado. Este estudo visa avaliar os efeitos de diferentes regimes de OLV sobre a lesão do pulmão contralateral não ventilado para identificar as melhores condições para OLV. Quarenta coelhos foram divididos em cinco grupos: um grupo falso, OLV grupo I (fração de oxigênio inspirado (FIO2) 1.0, volume corrente (VT) 8mL/kg, frequência respiratória (R) 40 respirações/min e relação inspiração/expiração (I:E) 1:2), OLV grupo II (FIO2=1.0, VT 8mL/kg, R 40 respirações/min, I:E 1:2, e pressão positiva expiratória final (PEEP) 5 cm H2O), OLV grupo III (FIO2 1.0, VT 6mL/kg, R 40 respirações/min, I:E 1:2 e PEEP 5 cm H2O) e OLV grupo IV (FIO2 0.8, VT 6mL/kg, R 40 respirações/min, I:E 1:2 e PEEP 5 cm H2O). Os animais de todos os grupos OLV receberam ventilação nos dois pulmões (TLV) para estabelecer uma linha de base, seguida por um dos regimes OLV indicados. Os coelhos do grupo falso foram intubados através da traqueia e ventilados com ar fresco. Amostras de gases no sangue arterial foram coletadas, parâmetros de lesão pulmonar foram avaliados e as concentrações de TNF-α e IL-8 no fluido de lavagem bronco alveolar (BALF) e proteína A do surfactante pulmonar (SPA) no pulmão não ventilado também foram medidas. No grupo OLV I, o pulmão esquerdo não ventilado tinha maior índice de TNF-α, IL-8 e lesão pulmonar, mas menor SPA do que o pulmão direito ventilado. Nos grupos OLV I a III, as concentrações de TNF-α, IL-8 e a pontuação de lesão pulmonar no pulmão esquerdo diminuíram, mas o SPA aumentou. Não foram observadas diferenças nestes parâmetros entre os grupos OLV III e IV. A ventilação estratégica projetada para os grupos OLV III e IV reduziu a lesão induzida por OLV do pulmão contralateral não ventilado em coelhos.

ABSTRACT One lung ventilation (OLV) often results in trauma to the unventilated contralateral lung. This study aims to evaluate the effects of different OLV regimens on the injury of the unventilated contralateral lung to identify the best conditions for OLV. Forty rabbits were divided into five groups: a sham group, OLV group I (fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) 1.0, tidal volume (VT) 8mL/kg, respiratory rate (R) 40 breaths/min and inspiratory/expiratory ratio (I:E) 1:2), OLV group II (FIO2=1.0, VT 8mL/kg, R 40 breaths/min, I:E 1:2, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) 5 cm H2O), OLV group III (FIO2 1.0, VT 6mL/kg, R 40 breaths/min, I:E 1:2 and PEEP 5 cm H2O) and OLV group IV (FIO2 0.8, VT 6mL/kg, R 40 breaths/min, I:E 1:2 and PEEP 5 cm H2O). Animals from all OLV groups received two-lung ventilation (TLV) to establish a baseline, followed by one of the indicated OLV regimens. The rabbits in the sham group were intubated through trachea and ventilated with fresh air. Arterial blood gas samples were collected, lung injury parameters were evaluated, and the concentrations of TNF-α and IL-8 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pulmonary surfactant protein A (SPA) in the unventilated lung were also measured. In OLV group I, the unventilated left lung had higher TNF-α, IL-8 and lung injury score but lower SPA than the ventilated right lung. In OLV groups I to III, the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-8 and lung injury score in the left lung decreased but SPA increased. No differences in these parameters between OLV groups III and IV were observed. Strategic ventilation designed for OLV groups III and IV reduced OLV-induced injury of the non-ventilated contralateral lung in rabbits.

Published data on the association between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) Asp299Gly polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) susceptibility are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. English-language studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase databases (up to November 2016). All epidemiological studies were regarding Caucasians because no TLR4 Asp/Gly and Gly/Gly genotypes have been detected in Asians. A total of 20 case-control studies involving 14,416 cases and 10,764 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, no significant associations were found between TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and CHD susceptibility in the dominant model (OR=0.89; 95%CI=0.74 to 1.06; P=0.20) pooled in the meta-analysis. In the subgroup analysis by CHD, non-significant associations were found in cases compared to controls. When stratified by control source, no significantly decreased risk was found in the additive model or dominant model. The present meta-analysis suggests that the TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism was not associated with decreased CHD risk in Caucasians.