The application of cyanoacetic acid as a catalyst for the Biginelli reaction and as an active methylene compound for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction was evaluated. Using cyanoacetic acid as a Bronsted acid catalyst, after a synthetic optimization process, it was possible to synthesize eight dihydropyrimidinones with good yields (80-99%) using ethanol as solvent. It is the first time, to our knowledge, that the use of cyanoacetic acid is reported in the synthesis of this class of compounds, which have a wide bioactive potential. Also, cyanoacetic acid was used as a reagent in the Knoevenagel condensation, through which polyfunctionalized olefins were obtained and can be used as building blocks for structurally complex molecules. By using KOH as catalyst, eleven Knoevenagel adducts were synthesized with good yields (65-97%), under microwave irradiation as heating source, in water. Moreover, Knoevenagel adducts containing halogenated substituents (F, Cl) showed potential larvicidal activity with lethal concentrations (LC50) of 19.63, 33.84 µg mL 1 and LC90 of 27.46 and 48.16 µg mL1. This study showed the versatility of cyanoacetic acid as a catalyst for the synthesis of dihydropirimidinones, aldol compounds and presented the first study showing their larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti. evaluated process 8099% 8099 80 99% 99 (80-99% solvent time knowledge Also molecules 6597%, 6597 65 97% , 97 (65-97%) source water Moreover F, F (F Cl LC50 LC (LC50 1963 19 63 19.63 3384 33 84 33.8 LC9 2746 27 46 27.4 4816 48 16 48.1 mL1 dihydropirimidinones aegypti 809 8 9 (80-99 6597% 659 6 (65-97% LC5 (LC5 196 19.6 338 3 33. 274 2 4 27. 481 48. (80-9 (65-97 (LC 19. (80- (65-9 (80 (65- (8 (65 ( (6

RESUMEN La displasia septo-óptica (DSO) es una entidad que incluye hipoplasia de nervios ópticos, disgenesia de la línea media cerebral y disfunción hipotálamo-hipofisaria. Entre las teorías sobre su patogenia es de resaltar una posible disrupción vascular que altera el desarrollo de las estructuras involucradas. Dado que la (DSO) es una patología infrecuente, se presenta el caso de un recién nacido que desde sus controles prenatales presentó alteraciones anatómicas cerebrales en línea media. Posteriormente al nacimiento se confirmaron las siguientes: ausencia de septum pellucidum, dilatación ventricular supratentorial con sospecha de estenosis acueductal y disgenesia del cuerpo calloso, además de una trombosis de seno venoso. Se resalta la importancia de mostrar la relación de estas dos patologías puesto que solamente encontramos otro caso reportado en la literatura. Igualmente, se destacan herramientas del manejo de trombosis cerebral neonatal. Por último, se resalta la utilidad de los controles prenatales como guía del enfoque rápido para el diagnóstico en este paciente.

SUMMARY The septo-optic dysplasia (SOD) is characterized by a classic triad: optic nerve hypoplasia, dysgenesis of the cerebral midline and hypothalamus-pituitary axis dysfunction, in association, sometimes, with abnormalities in the cerebral cortex. In this article, we report a case of SOD diagnosed in the first days after birth of a patient, in which we incidentally documented a cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in the prenatal check-up exams. In here we try to highlight that the combination of both pathologies is less prevalent, finding in the literature just one case reported. In the other hand, to show the importance of adequate prenatal controls to guide the diagnosis and the management of Neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis.

Resumo A análise da impedância bioelétrica (BIA) é considerada uma importante ferramenta para avaliar a composição corporal de diferentes animais de uma maneira rápida, não-destrutiva e de baixo custo. A espécie Sul-americana Steindachneridion scriptum, popularmente conhecida como suruvi, foi selecionada para este estudo. Foi utilizado um protocolo para produzir peixes com distintas composições corporais, permitindo a validação da BIA para análise adequada da composição corporal do suruvi. Os peixes foram alimentados duas vezes ao dia com duas dietas diferentes: uma de baixo teor lipídico (8,90%) e outra de alto teor lipídico (18,68%). Essa diferença nas dietas possibilitou a produção de indivíduos com diferentes composições corporais. As leituras da BIA foram determinadas utilizando-se o equipamento Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Duas leituras (dorsal e ventral) foram obtidas para cada peixe. Após as leituras, para cada peixe individualmente, a composição proximal dos peixes foi determinada. Todos os dados obtidos foram utilizados para estabelecer as equações de correlação entre as análises proximais e os valores da BIA. Fortes correlações foram encontradas para S. scriptum. As maiores correlações foram obtidas para as análises dorsais a seguir: umidade e resistência em série (R2 = 0,87); proteína e resistência em série (R2 = 0,87); cinzas e reactância em paralelo (R2 = 0,82). Pode-se concluir que o método BIA é eficiente em determinar a composição corporal do suruvi S. scriptum sem sacrificar o animal. No entanto, para expandir o uso desta nova tecnologia é necessário definir protocolos rigorosos para garantir estimativas precisas.

Abstract Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is regarded as an important tool for evaluating the body composition of different animals in a rapid, non-destructive, and low-cost manner. A South American fish species, Steindachneridion scriptum, known as suruvi, was selected for study in this investigation. A protocol to produce fish with different body composition was used to allow BIA to adequately predict the body composition of suruvi. The fish were fed twice each day with two different diets; a low lipid diet (8.90%), and a high lipid diet (18.68%). These dietary differences allowed suruvi specimens with different body compositions to be produced. The BIA readings were determined using a Quantum X Bioelectrical Body Composition Analyzer. Two readings (dorsal and ventral) were obtained for each fish. After BIA readings were obtained, the proximate composition of the fish bodies for each individual was determined. All of the study data were used to establish correlation equations between proximate analyses and BIA values. Strong correlations were found for S. scriptum. The highest correlations were obtained for the following pairs of quantities, using BIA data from dorsal readings: moisture and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); protein and resistance in series (R2 = 0.87); and ash and reactance in parallel (R2 = 0.82). We conclude that BIA is an effective method in determining the body composition of S. scriptum without sacrificing the fish. However, to expand the use of this new technology it is important to define strict BIA protocols to guarantee accurate estimates.

INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy (CT) and thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) constitute the standard care of patients with inoperable/unresectable locally advanced NSCLC. However, the optimal schedule of treatment remains to be determined. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted in patients with locally advanced stage IIIA or IIIB NSCLC, to determine the tolerability and local control obtained with 7 weekly courses of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy using Docetaxel (D: 20 mg/m²) or Paclitaxel (P: 60 mg/m²) and TRT (2 Gy daily Monday through Friday, totalizing 70 Gy in the seven weeks), after 3 cycles of cisplatinum-based induction chemotherapy (cisplatinum + gemcitabine +/- vinorelbine). RESULTS: From December 1999 to December 2004, fifty two out of 129 patients treated with induction chemotherapy and at least with stable disease were considered eligible for analysis. Twenty seven were treated with docetaxel (D) and twenty five with paclitaxel (P). The average of weeks of treatment was 5 for D (range 7-3) and 6 for P (7-1), and 40% and 58% of patients respectively in each group completed 7 weeks and received the programmed doses. Significant toxicity during concurrent therapy included (D/P %): esophagitis (grade I, 22/18; grade II, 25/29; grade III, 30/8), pneumonitis (grades I-II, 14/5), diarrhea (grades I-II, 14/0). The percentage of local progression and median time elapsed were 41% and 180 days in the D group of patients, and 46% and 240 days in the P group. CONCLUSION: No definitive conclusions can be made, considering the small size of the sample in this study, but the observed trends suggest that concurrent chemo-radiotherapy employing TRT and Docetaxel or Paclitaxel administered weekly offer similar local efficacy, Paclitaxel showing a lower toxicity.

INTRODUCCIÓN: La quimioterapia (QT) y la radioterapia torácica (RT-T) constituyen el tratamiento estándar para los pacientes con carcinoma de pulmón no microcítico localmente avanzado inoperable/irresecable (CPNM-I) aunque el mejor esquema de administración está por determinar. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo en pacientes con CPNM-I estadio IIIA o IIIB no quirúrgicos, para determinar la tolerabilidad y el control local utilizando el siguiente esquema: 7 ciclos de Docetaxel (D: 20 mg/m²) o Paclitaxel (P: 60 mg/m²) semanal, concurrente con RT-T (2 Gy diariamente de lunes a viernes, dosis total 70 Gy, durante 7 semanas) después de 3 ciclos de QT de inducción basada en cisplatino (CDDP+gemcitabina +/-vinorelbina). RESULTADOS: Desde Diciembre 1999 a Diciembre 2004, cincuenta y dos pacientes de 129 tratados con QT de inducción fueron considerados elegibles para el análisis: 27 recibieron Docetaxel y 25 Paclitaxel. La mediana de semanas de tratamiento administradas fue 5 para el D (rango 7-3) y 6 para el P (7-1). 40% (D) y 58% (P) de los pacientes en cada grupo completaron 7 semanas y las dosis programadas del tratamiento. La toxicidad registrada incluye (D/P;%): Esofagitis grado (G)I (22/18); GII (25/29), GIII (30/8), neumonitis G I-II (14/5), diarrea GI-II (14/0). La progresión local y mediana de tiempo hasta la progresión local fue 41% y 180 días para D y 46% y 240 días para P. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de este pequeño estudio prospectivo sugieren que la asociación concurrente de radioterapia torácica con docetaxel o paclitaxel semanal ofrece un control similar de la enfermedad así como una tendencia a una menor toxicidad no hematológica con paclitaxel.