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Abstract Through this work, the investigation focuses on the development of the Costa Rican police institution from the emergence of the State to the establishment of the Civil Guard with the 1949 Political Constitution. Based on the notion of the police as an institution inherent to modernity and the modern State, an exploratory investigation is conducted using a qualitative documentary approach, presenting works that have discussed the historical development of the Costa Rican police from different fields of study. Throughout this research, two aspects are highlighted within these studies: the locality to which the police function and organization were linked through provincial governments, and the syncretism of the police institution with the military, which entailed that its organization, arrangement, and discipline were regulated according to the army and its regulations. It is concluded that the initial development of the police institution was linked to local governments and eventually acquired the character of a national police force until 1949.

Resumen A través de este trabajo se investiga cómo ha sido el desarrollo de la institución policial costarricense desde el surgimiento del Estado hasta el establecimiento de la Guardia Civil, con la Constitución Política de 1949. Partiendo de la noción de la policía como una institución propia de la modernidad y del Estado moderno, se realiza una investigación exploratoria con un enfoque cualitativo de tipo documental en la que se presentan aquellos trabajos que han discutido el desarrollo histórico de la policía costarricense desde diferentes campos de estudio. A lo largo de esta investigación se señalan dos aspectos presentes dentro de estos estudios: la localidad a la que se vinculó la función y organización policial por medio de los gobiernos provinciales, y sobre el sincretismo de la institución policial con la militar, la cual suponía que en su organización, ordenamiento y disciplina se dispusiera según lo establecía el ejército y su reglamento. Se concluye que el desarrollo inicial de la institución policial estuvo vinculado a los gobiernos locales y adquiere finalmente el carácter de una policial nacional hasta 1949.

Résumé À travers de ce travail on étudie comment a été le développement de l’institution policière costaricienne depuis la naissance de l’État jusqu’à l’établissement de la Garde civile avec la Constitution Politique en 1949. En partant de la notion du concept de police comme une institution propre de la modernité, on mène une recherche documentaire et exploratoire sous une approche qualitative, dans laquelle on présente tous ceux travaux qui ont discuté le développement historique de la police costaricienne à partir des différents champs d’étude. Au cours de cette étude on signale deux aspects qui se trouvent dans toutes ces recherches: la localité à laquelle a été liée la fonction et l’organisation de la police au moyen des gouvernements des provinces; et le syncrétisme de l’institution policière avec le militaire ce qui supposait que concernant son organisation, son ordre et sa discipline, on disposait selon ce qui été établi par l’armée et son règlement. En somme, on a conclu que le développement initial de l’institution policière a été lié aux gouvernements locaux et a acquis finalement le caractère de police national jusqu’à 1949.

Abstract To identify this increasingly common pathology, known as Multiple Myeloma, it is necessary to refer to the specific factors that characterize it; to this end, the classic criteria known as CRAB (hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia and lytic lesions) are available, in which renal failure is one of the most frequent complications. Recently, 3 indisputable biomarkers have been described for the diagnostic support for Multiple Myeloma, which are: more than 10% of clonal plasma cells in BM or, a biopsy that corroborates the presence of a plasmacytoma, light chain ratio ≥100 mg/dL and more than one focal lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A differential diagnosis for plasma cell leukemia, solitary bone plasmacytoma, and extramedullary plasmacytoma should always be considered. Being this an incurable disease, a lot of research has been done regarding its therapeutic management, whose main objective is the disappearance of plasma cells and the patient clinical improvement. Melphalan was the first drug that showed a benefit in 1958 and afterwards, with the addition of a steroid as a second drug, it was possible to improve response rates. Subsequently, different molecules were studied, forming multiple combinations, and achieving better rates of Overall Survival and Progression-Free Survival. Years later, with the arrival of proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib, and immunomodulators such as thalidomide and lenalidomide, an important turnaround in the disease has been seen, as deeper responses, more prolonged remissions, and improvement in the quality of life of patients have been achieved. This consensus has the purpose of integrating a group of Mexican specialists and promoting the updating of this pathology.

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