Resumo As manifestações clínicas da leishmaniose cutânea (LC) dependem não apenas da espécie infectante envolvida, mas também da resposta imune do indivíduo. Apesar de ainda não bem esclarecido em humanos, a sobrevivência e persistência do parasito estão relacionados ao perfil de citocinas e proliferação de células T, relacionando-se a cura ao perfil Th1, e a progressão da doença ao perfil Th2. Considerando a necessidade de estudos voltados para as espécies de maior circulação no estado do Amazonas, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a imunorregulação estimulada por antígenos solúveis (SLAs) de Leishmania (L.) amazonensis e Leishmania (V.) guyanensis em linfócitos humanos in vitro, afim de compreender a resposta imune de pacientes com LC. A linfoproliferação foi avaliada frente a estímulos de SLAs de L. amazonensis (100 μg/mL), SLAs de L. guyanensis (100 μg/mL) e Phytohemagglutinin (10 μg/mL) utilizando BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA Kit após 72h de incubação. A quantificação das citocinas IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 e TNF foi realizada por BD™ Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) Human Th1/Th2/Th17 Cytokine Kit. Nossos resultados demonstraram que os antígenos solúveis de L. amazonensis e L. guyanensis estimularam a linfoproliferação de PBMCs de pacientes primoinfectados com LC. Entre as citocinas dosadas, as de maiores concentrações foram de IL-6 e IL-8, demonstrando que os antígenos solúveis avaliados são capazes de induzir mecanismos regulatórios. LC (LC envolvida indivíduo T relacionandose relacionando se Th1 Th Th2 Amazonas (SLAs L (L. V. V (V. vitro 100 μg/mL, μgmL μg/mL , μg mL 10 (1 h incubação IL1b, IL1b ILb IL 1b, 1b b IL-1b IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL8, IL8 8, 8 IL-8 IL10, IL10 10, IL-10 IL12 12 IL-1 BD CBA (CBA Th1Th2Th17 ThThTh Th17 Th1/Th2/Th1 dosadas IL- regulatórios (L (V 1 ( IL1 Th1Th2Th1 Th1/Th2/Th Th1Th2Th

Abstract The clinical manifestations of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) depend not only on the infecting species involved, but also on the immune response of the individual. Although not yet well understood in humans, parasite survival and persistence are related to the cytokine profile and T cell proliferation, with the Th1 profile being related to cure, and the Th2 profile to disease progression. Considering the need for studies focused on the species with the highest circulation in the state of Amazonas, this study aimed to analyze the immunoregulation stimulated by soluble antigens (SLAs) of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and Leishmania (V.) guyanensis in human lymphocytes in vitro, in order to understand the immune response of patients with CL. Lymphoproliferation was evaluated against stimuli of SLAs from L. amazonensis (100 µg/mL), SLAs from L. guyanensis (100 µg/mL) and phytohemagglutinin (10 µg/mL) using a BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA kit after 72 h of incubation. Quantification of the cytokines IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF was performed using the BD™ cytometric bead array human Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine kit. Our results demonstrated that soluble antigens from L. amazonensis and L. guyanensis stimulated the lymphoproliferation of PBMCs from patients primo-infected with CL. Among the cytokines dosed, the highest concentrations were of IL-6 and IL-8, thus demonstrating that the soluble antigens evaluated are capable of inducing regulatory mechanisms. CL (CL involved individual humans proliferation Th cure progression Amazonas (SLAs L (L. V. V (V. vitro 100 µg/mL, µgmL µg/mL , µg mL 10 (1 7 incubation IL1b, IL1b ILb IL 1b, 1b b IL-1b IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL8, IL8 8, 8 IL-8 IL10, IL10 10, IL-10 IL12 12 IL-1 BD Th1Th2Th17 ThThTh Th17 Th1/Th2/Th1 primoinfected primo infected dosed IL- mechanisms (L (V 1 ( IL1 Th1Th2Th1 Th1/Th2/Th Th1Th2Th

A study was made of the chemical composition of samples of the ribbons taken from the rami stalks at successive stages of growth with the object of determining the percentage oí lignin, cellulose, pectin, pentosans and of some substances not belonging to the cell wall. After an initial decrease, the percentage of ash increased as the plant grew and matured. The maximum (17,5%) was reached when the plant was 105 days old. The percentage of cellulose increased regularly and reached a maximum (38,2%) when the plant was 75 days old. Subsequently there was a decrease as the plant grew older. After an initial increase, the percentage of lignin decreased somewhat and again increased as the plant matured. The maximum (14,5%), however, was observed when the plant was 45 days old. The percentage of pectin (galacturonic acid) was maximum (22,9%) in the first stage, afterwards showed a nearly regular decrease as the plant developed, but in the last two stages (105 and 120 days) there was a small increase. The percentage of pentosans (calculated of the furfurol phloroglucide yielded by pentosans only, with the Tollens'Tables), as well as the percentage of reducing sugars increased regulaily as the plant grew older. The maximum was 5,2 and 3,8 percent respectively. The percentage of hot-water extractive after a decrease in the earlier stages of the plant growth increased and reached a maximum (24,2%) in the penultimate stage of its development. The percentage of ethanol-benzene extractive from a maximum (8,3%) decreased regularly as the plant developed, but in the last stages of its development it increased somewhat. The percentage of crude protein (N x 6,25) irom a maximum (15,2%) in the first stage showed a regular decrease, but in the last two stages of the plant development there was an increase.