ABSTRACT Primary health care looks beyond clinical services to health promotion and primary prevention at the population level. In 2011, Colombia adopted a normative approach to primary health care, to advance efforts to set health priorities and transcend a curative, hospital-based system. An intervention was carried out in eight communities in Bogotá and Cundinamarca, Colombia to build community capacity to influence health. Activities included training community leaders to design and implement health improvement initiatives aimed at the most important health problems identified by their organizations. Twenty-eight leaders completed the training. They designed and implemented eight health improvement plans to address the most important health problems in their respective communities: protecting public spaces for children’s physical activities, improving family practices in child nutrition, organizing a health insurance beneficiaries’ health promotion network, organizing a service delivery network for homeless persons, connecting people with cognitive disabilities to treatment services, combatting violence against women, working against child abuse, and integrating health education into school curricula. Lessons were learned about capacity-building in primary care, approaches to strengthening intra- and interinstitutional conditions, and managing processes for community ownership. The intervention enabled development of initiatives for solving various problems by different types of organizations, highlighted participants’ understanding of their role as health agents, and promoted community participation and intersectoral action.

Resumen. La temperatura tiene gran influencia sobre los cultivos y es clave en la determinación de la fecha de siembra, cosecha y las variables de producción. Los grados-día (GDD) o unidades térmicas (HU) son uno de los índices más comúnmente utilizados para estimar el desarrollo de las plantas y para predecir la fecha de cosecha. En el cultivo de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.), el número de días desde la siembra hasta la cosecha depende del genotipo y su interacción con la temperatura ambiental. En este trabajo se estudiaron variables fenométricas que inciden sobre la eficiencia y producción de cultivos bajo un sistema aeropónico. Se determinó que se requirieron 726 y 660 grados-día, correspondientes a 73 y 64 días para los materiales comerciales Dasher II y Poinsset 76, respectivamente. Se analizó el efecto de dos periodos de riego 30 y 60 s, con un intervalo de aplicación de cuatro min durante el día, sobre las variables área foliar y peso seco de tallos y hojas en el híbrido Dasher II. No se encontraron diferencias significativas para los parámetros evaluados lo que indicó que el tiempo de 30 s representó una ventaja económica por el ahorro de energía. Se usaron tres soluciones nutritivas: Hoagland y Arnon, Aeropónicos 100% y Aeropónicos 50%, para determinar el efecto sobre el peso seco y el área foliar. Se encontró una reducción de las variables área foliar, materia seca acumulada en el tallo y las hojas, peso promedio de frutos (hasta 44,3%) y número promedio de frutos, con la solución Aeropónicos al 50% de la concentración comercial. Los resultados permiten implementar variables de eficiencia en el cultivo aeropónico de pepino, las cuales inciden en el rendimiento, viabilidad económica y ambiental de la tecnología.

Abstract. Plant growth and development is determined largely by weather which is composed by several factors. Temperature is one of such key factors which is very important for deciding sowing and harvest time and production. The Growing Degree Days (GDD) or Heat Units (HU) are indexes commonly used for growth and harvest time estimation. In cucumber crops (Cucumis sativus L.), the number of days from sowing until harvest significantly changes according to genotype and temperature. In this work we studied some variables which may affect the efficiency and crop production under an aeroponic system. We determined that 726 and 660 GGD corresponding to 73 and 64 days were requires for the commercial matherials Dasher II and Poinsset 76 respectively. The effect of two aspersion time periods of 30 and 60 seconds followed by a four minutes interval during the day, were evaluated over leaf area and stem and leaves dry weight, using the hybrid Dasher. No statistical significant differences were found suggesting that the 30 s time period is the best choice since it reduces electric energy costs. The effect of three different nutrient solutions: Hoagland and Arnon, Aeroponicos 100% and Aeroponicos 50%, was tested for leaf area, dry weight, fruit weight and number. We found a significant reduction in the variables leaf area, leaf and stem dry weight, average fruit weight (up to 43.3%) and fruit number, using the solution named Aeroponicos at 50% of the commercial concentration. Together our results allowed implementing variables to increase efficiency on a cucumber aeroponic crop system, some of which may improve the economic and environmental performance of cucumber crop using this technology.