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La huelga de Horcones 2007: el asesinato de Rodrigo Cisterna como pervivencia de la Doctrina de la Seguridad Nacional
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Alegría Herrera, Rogelio Fernando

Revista de historia (Concepción)

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2024, Volume 31 elocation 14

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the persistence of practices deeply rooted in the Chilean civic-military dictatorship, which delineate a distinctive dynamic in the relationship between the State and the population in contexts of social tension, particularly during demonstrations. Through a case study focused on the forestry workers' strike in Horcones in 2007, where Rodrigo Cisterna Fernández lost his life, and other workers were injured by the police, we seek to reconstruct the events. The analysis is primarily based on judicial documents associated with the case, unraveling the arguments presented by the Military Justice to legitimize institutional actions. These arguments reveal a persistent perspective in which the State defends itself against the citizenry, indicating the continuity of the National Security Doctrine (NSD) within the institutional structure. This study aims to contribute to understanding the complex interactions between the State and civil society in moments of tension, promoting reflection on the need for institutional reforms that foster a more equitable and respectful relationship toward human rights.

RESUMEN Este artículo se propone analizar la persistencia de prácticas arraigadas en la dictadura cívico-militar chilena, las cuales delinean una particular dinámica en la relación entre el Estado y la población en contextos de tensión social, especialmente durante manifestaciones. A través de estudio de caso centrado en la huelga de obreros forestales en Horcones durante el año 2007, en la que falleció Rodrigo Cisterna Fernández y otros trabajadores resultaron heridos a manos de carabineros, se busca reconstruir los acontecimientos. El análisis se fundamenta principalmente en los documentos judiciales asociados al caso, desentrañando los argumentos presentados por la Justicia Militar para legitimar las acciones institucionales. Estos argumentos revelan una visión persistente en la que el Estado defiende a sí mismo frente a la ciudadanía, denotando la continuidad de la Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional (DSN) en la estructura institucional. El presente estudio busca contribuir a la comprensión de las complejas interacciones entre el Estado y la sociedad civil en momentos de tensión, promoviendo una reflexión sobre la necesidad de reformas institucionales que fomenten una relación más equitativa y respetuosa de los Derechos Humanos.

https://doi.org/10.29393/rh31-14hhra10014

O Impacto da COVID-19 no Diagnóstico de Doenças Cardíacas na América Latina Uma Subanálise do INCAPS COVID
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Cerci, Rodrigo Julio

; Vitola, João Vicente

; Paez, Diana

; Zuluaga, Alejandro

; Bittencourt, Marcio Sommer

; Sierra-Galan, Lilia M.

; Carrascosa, Patricia

; Campisi, Roxana

; Gutierrez-Villamil, Claudia

; Peix, Amalia

; Chambers, Duane

; Velez, Mayra Sánches

; Alvarado, Carla M. G.

; Ventura, Ana C. F.

; Maldonado, Alejandro

; Castanos, Alfredo P.

; Diaz, Teresa C.

; Herrera, Yariela

; Vasquez, Manuel C.

; Arrieta, Ana A.

; Mut, Fernando

; Hirschfeld, Cole

; Malkovskiy, Eli

; Goebel, Benjamin

; Cohen, Yosef

; Randazzo, Michael

; Shaw, Leslee J.

; Williams, Michelle C.

; Villines, Todd C.

; Better, Nathan

; Dorbala, Sharmila

; Raggi, Paolo

; Pascual, Thomas N. B.

; Pynda, Yaroslav

; Dondi, Maurizio

; Einstein, Andrew J.

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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Abr 2022, Volume 118 Nº 4 Páginas 745 - 753

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento A pandemia de COVID-19 interferiu na prestação de atendimento a doenças cardiovasculares na América Latina. No entanto, o efeito da pandemia nos volumes de procedimentos cardíacos diagnósticos ainda não foi quantificado. Objetivo Avaliar (1) o impacto de COVID-19 nos volumes de diagnóstico cardíaco na América Latina e (2) determinar sua relação com a incidência de casos de COVID-19 e as medidas de distanciamento social. Métodos A International Atomic Energy Agency realizou uma pesquisa mundial avaliando mudanças nos volumes diagnósticos cardíacos decorrentes da COVID-19. Foram obtidos os volumes diagnósticos cardíacos dos locais participantes para março e abril de 2020 e comparados com março de 2019. Foram coletados dados de distanciamento social a partir dos Relatórios de mobilidade da comunidade de Google e a incidência de COVID-19 por país a partir de Our World in Data. Resultados Foram realizadas pesquisas em 194 centros que realizam procedimentos diagnósticos cardíacos, em 19 países da América Latina. Em comparação com o mês de março de 2019, os volumes dos procedimentos diagnósticos cardíacos diminuíram 36% em março de 2020 e 82% em abril de 2020.As maiores reduções ocorreram em relação aos testes de estresse ecocardiográfico (91%), testes ergométricos de esteira (88%) e escore de cálcio por tomografia computadorizada (87%), com pequenas variações entre as sub-regiões da América Latina. As mudanças em padrões de distanciamento social (p < 0,001) estavam mais fortemente associadas com a redução do volume do que a incidência de COVID-19 (p = 0,003). Conclusões A COVID-19 foi associada a uma redução significativa de procedimentos diagnósticos cardíacos na América Latina, a qual foi mais relacionada ao distanciamento social do que ao aumento da incidência da COVID-19. São necessários melhor equilíbrio e timing de medidas de distanciamento social e planejamento para manter o acesso ao atendimento médico durante um surto pandêmico, especialmente em regiões com alta mortalidade cardiovascular.

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the delivery of care for cardiovascular diseases in Latin America. However, the effect of the pandemic on the cardiac diagnostic procedure volumes has not been quantified. Objective To assess (1) the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac diagnostic volumes in Latin America and (2) determine its relationship with COVID-19 case incidence and social distancing measures. Methods The International Atomic Energy Agency conducted a worldwide survey assessing changes in cardiac diagnostic volumes resulting from COVID-19. Cardiac diagnostic volumes were obtained from participating sites for March and April 2020 and compared to March 2019. Social distancing data were collected from Google COVID-19 community mobility reports and COVID-19 incidence per country from the Our World in Data. Results Surveys were conducted in 194 centers performing cardiac diagnostic procedures, in 19 countries in Latin America. Procedure volumes decreased 36% from March 2019 to March 2020, and 82% from March 2019 to April 2020. The greatest decreases occurred in echocardiogram stress tests (91%), exercise treadmill tests (88%), and computed tomography calcium scores (87%), with slight variations between sub-regions of Latin America. Changes in social distancing patterns (p < 0.001) were more strongly associated with volume reduction than COVID-19 incidence (p = 0.003). Conclusions COVID-19 was associated with a significant reduction in cardiac diagnostic procedures in Latin America, which was more related to social distancing than to the COVID-19 incidence. Better balance and timing of social distancing measures and planning to maintain access to medical care is warranted during a pandemic surge, especially in regions with high cardiovascular mortality.

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20210388

Validez factorial con estimación robusta de la Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica de Situaciones Académicas (Eapesa) en universitarios ecuatorianos
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Moreta-Herrera, Rodrigo

; Montes de Oca, Carmen

; Navarro Cuellar, Luís Fernando

; Villegas Villacrés, Narciza

Ciencias Psicológicas

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Jun 2021, Volume 15 Nº 1 elocation e2153

Resumo: Es En Pt | Texto: Es En Pt | PDF: Es | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Resumen: Objetivo: Confirmar la estructura unifactorial de la Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica de Situaciones Académicas (Eapesa), su fiabilidad y validez en relación con otras variables en universitarios ecuatorianos. Metodología: Estudio instrumental factorial de fiabilidad y validez de convergencia de la Eapesa. Participantes: 466 universitarios del Ecuador, 35.2 % hombres y 64.8 % mujeres, con edades entre 17 a 39 años (M= 21.27; DE= 2.9). Resultados: Se confirma el modelo unifactorial de la Eapesa con 7 ítems que presenta un adecuado ajuste: χ2= 40.01; p< .05; gl= 14; χ2/gl= 2.9; CFI= .966; TLI= .950; SRMR= .034; RMSEA= .063 IC95% (.050 - .076) por encima de las versiones de 10 y 9 ítems. Una fiabilidad alta de ω= .92 (.90 - .94) y convergencia moderada de r= .685; p< .01. Conclusiones: La Eapesa de 7 ítems es la versión de mejor rendimiento psicométrico para su aplicabilidad en universitarios del Ecuador.

Abstract: Objective:To confirm the unifactorial structure of the Scale of Specific Perceived Self-Efficacy of Academic Situations (Eapesa, by its acronym in Spanish), its reliability and validity in relation to other variables in Ecuadorian university students. Methodology: Eapesa's convergence validity, reliability and factorial instrumental study. Participants: 466 university students from Ecuador, 35.2% men and 64.8% women, aged between 17 to 39 years (M= 21.27; SD= 2.9). Results: Eapesa's unifactorial model is confirmed with 7 items that presents an adequate adjustment: χ2= 40.01; p< .05; gl= 14; χ2/gl= 2.9; CFI= .966; TLI= .950; SRMR= .034; RMSEA= .063 IC95% (.050 - .076) above the versions of 10 and 9 items. A high reliability of ω= .92 (.90 - .94) and moderate convergence of r= .685; p< .01. Conclusions: The 7-item Eapesa is the version with the best psychometric performance for its applicability in university students in Ecuador.

Resumo: Objetivo:Confirmar a estrutura unifatorial da Escala de Autoeficácia Específica Percebida de Situações Acadêmicas (Eapesa), sua confiabilidade e validade em relação a outras variáveis em estudantes universitários equatorianos. Metodologia: validade de convergência da Eapesa, confiabilidade e estudo fatorial instrumental. Participantes: 466 estudantes universitários do Equador, 35,2 % homens e 64,8 % mulheres, com idade entre 17 e 39 anos (M= 21,27; DP= 2,9). Resultados: o modelo unifatorial da Eapesa é confirmado com 7 itens que apresentam um ajuste adequado: χ2= 40,01; p< 0,05; gl= 14; χ2/gl= 2,9; CFI= 0,966; TLI= 0,950; SRMR= 0,034; RMSEA= 0,063 IC95% (0,050 - 0,076) acima das versões de 10 e 9 itens. Uma alta confiabilidade de ω= 0,92 (0,90 - 0,94) e convergência moderada de r= 0,685; p< 0,01. Conclusões: O Eapesa de 7 itens é a versão com melhor desempenho psicométrico para sua aplicabilidade em estudantes universitários em Equador.

https://doi.org/10.22235/cp.v15i1.2153 480 downloads

ACTITUD DEL MÉDICO FAMILIAR HACIA LA ACTIVIDAD SEXUAL DEL ADULTO MAYOR: ESTUDIO MULTICÉNTRICO EN MÉXICO
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Gutiérrez-Herrera, Raúl Fernando

; Ramírez-Muñiz, Rodrigo

; Vallejo Solís, Myrella

; Gómez-Gómez, Celina

; Riquelme-Heras, Héctor M.

; Martínez-Lazcano, Félix

; Méndez-Espinosa, Eduardo

; Ordóñez-Azuara, Yeyetsy

Revista Médica La Paz

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2020, Volume 26 Nº 2 Páginas 29 - 37

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Antecedentes: El envejecimiento es un fenómeno global que implica una mayor demanda de asistencia sanitaria integral, característica del médico familiar. La sexualidad en los adultos mayores concurre un tema de gran interés en el aspecto biopsicosocial; sin embargo, este tema no es abordado en la práctica diaria. Objetivos: Explorar el conocimiento, percepción y actitudes de los médicos familiares y residentes respecto de la salud sexual de los adultos mayores en una población de México. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y transversal, multicéntrico que incluyó 112 médicos familiares y residentes de diferentes instituciones públicas del sector salud, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario que evaluó el área cognitiva, emocional y conductual del médico hacia la sexualidad del adulto mayor. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva y se realizaron pruebas de chi-cuadrada para las variables categóricas. Un valor de p<0.05 fue considerado significativo. Resultados: De los 112 participantes, 42 % eran médicos familiares externos y 58 % residentes de medicina familiar de tercer grado. El 67 % eran mujeres. La mayoría de los participantes reconocieron la importancia de abordar el tema de la sexualidad en los adultos mayores; sin embargo, la mayoría de los médicos no tomaban un comportamiento proactivo en la evaluación de la sexualidad en estos pacientes. La Instituciones formadoras de médicos familiares tienen mínimas diferencias en la actitud de los profesionales. Conclusiones: Los médicos familiares y residentes saben que la actividad sexual en el adulto mayor es importante y en general tienen buenos conocimientos, pero falta educación en patologías como ITS, así como en el aspecto emocional y social. Los factores sociodemográficos más importantes fueron pertenecer al género femenino y estar casados; en relación a la práctica profesional, el ser médico familiar egresado, tener más de 20 años de práctica activa, entre otras. Entrenar a los médicos familiares para que realicen un correcto abordaje de la sexualidad en los adultos mayores es necesario.

Background: Aging is a global phenomenon that implies a greater demand for comprehensive healthcare, characteristic of the family doctor. Sexuality in older adults is a topic of great interest in the biopsychosocial aspect; however, this issue is not addressed in daily practice. Objectives: To explore the knowledge, perception and attitudes of family physicians and residents regarding the sexual health of older adults in a Mexican population. Methodology: This is a descriptive and cross-sectional, multicenter study that included 112 family doctors and residents of different public institutions of the health sector, to whom a questionnaire was applied that evaluated the cognitive, emotional and behavioral area of the doctor towards adult sexuality mayor. Descriptive statistics were performed and chi-square tests were performed for categorical variables. A value of p <0.05 was significant. Results: Of the 112 participants, 42% were external family physicians and 58% third-degree family medicine residents. 67% were women. Most of the participants recognized the importance of addressing the issue of sexuality in older adults; however, most physicians were not proactive in assessing sexuality in these patients. Institutions training family doctors have minimal differences influencing the attitude of professionals. Conclusions: Family and resident doctors know that sexual activity in the elderly is important and in general they have good knowledge, but there is a lack of education in pathologies such as STIs, as well as in the emotional and social aspect. The most important sociodemographic factors were belonging to the female gender and being married; in relation to professional practice, being a graduated family doctor, having more than 20 years of active practice, among others. Training family doctors to make a correct approach to sexuality in older adults is necessary.

169 downloads

Biomarcadores de fibrosis y función ventricular derecha en maratonistas con distinto grado de entrenamiento: estudio en la Maratón de Santiago
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Fernández, J. Rodrigo

; Ocaranza, María Paz

; Herrera, Sebastián

; Vega, Julián

; Salinas, Manuel

; Contreras-Briceño, Felipe

; Llevaneras, Silvana

; Jalil, Jorge E.

; Yañez, Fernando

; Godoy, Paz

; Córdova, Samuel

; Chiong, Mario

; Muñoz, Mario

; Lavandero, Sergio

; Castro, Pablo

; Gabrielli, Luigi

Revista chilena de cardiología

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Abr 2019, Volume 38 Nº 1 Páginas 37 - 45

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstracts: Introduction: Highly trained athletes show structural cardiac changes as adaptation to overload. Rise in remodeling biomarkers and myocardial fibrosis after intense exercise in athletes has been evidenced; however, the behavior of these biomarkers according to pre-competition training level has not been evaluated. Objective: To evaluate fibrosis biomarkers levels and right ventricle function in marathon runners according to their previous training level, in the period prior to a marathon race and immediately after it. Methods: Thirty-six healthy male marathon runners were included. Subjects were grouped according to their previous training level: Group 1 (G1): ≥100 km/week and Group 2 (G2): <100 km/week. Transthoracic echocardiography along with plasmatic levels of galectin-3 and amino terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) were measured one week previous and immediately after the marathon. Results: Post-effort right ventricle systolic function decreased in G2, together with a significant elevation of PIIIPNP (61±16 to 94±24 ng/mL, p=0.01). These changes were not observed in G1 (from 65±11 to 90±29 ng/mL, p=0.10). Plasma galectin-3 increased significantly in both groups immediately post-exercise (6.8±2.2 to 19.7±4.9 ng/mL, p=0.012, and 6.0±1.1 to 19.4±5.9 ng/mL, p=0.01, in G1 and G2. respectively). Conclusion: Less trained athletes evidenced higher post marathon levels of PIIIPNP which is associated with a decreased global right ventricle function. Plasma galectin-3 levels increased significantly after intense exertion regardless of the intensity of previous training.

Resumen: Introducción: Atletas altamente entrenados muestran cambios cardíacos estructurales como adaptación a la sobrecarga, producto del ejercicio repetitivo y extenuante. Se han evidenciado elevación de biomarcadores de remodelado y fibrosis miocárdica posterior al ejercicio intenso en atletas. Sin embargo, el comportamiento de estos biomarcadores según el nivel de entrenamiento previo no se ha evaluado. Objetivo: Investigar biomarcadores de fibrosis y función ventricular derecha en maratonistas con distinto nivel de entrenamiento previo. Métodos: Se incluyeron 36 maratonistas hombres, sanos, que completaron 42 km en la maratón de Santiago. Se dividieron según entrenamiento previo en dos grupos, Grupo 1 (G1): ≥100 km/semana y Grupo 2 (G2): <100 km/semana. Se realizó ecocardiografía transtorácica y se evaluaron niveles plasmáticos de galectina-3 y del propéptido amino terminal del procolágeno tipo III (PIIINP) en la semana previa a la carrera e inmediatamente posterior a ésta. Resultados: Posterior a la maratón, la función sistólica del ventrículo derecho disminuyó en el grupo G2 junto con un aumento significativo de los niveles plasmáticos de PIIIPNP (61±16 a 94±24 ng/mL, p=0,01). Estos cambios no se observaron en el grupo G1 (65 ± 11 a 90±29 ng/mL, p=0,10). Los niveles plasmáticos de galectina-3 aumentaron significativamente en ambos grupos posterior al ejercicio (6,8±2,2 a 19,7±4,9 ng/mL, p 0,012 y 6,0±1,1 a 19,4 ± 5,9 ng/mL, p 0,01) en los grupos G1 y G2, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Atletas con menor grado de entrenamiento, presentan posterior a una maratón un significativo aumento de productos de degradación del colágeno (PIIIPNP) asociado a disminución de la función del ventrículo derecho. Los niveles de galectina-3 plasmática aumentan significativamente en ambos grupos post-esfuerzo independiente del entrenamiento previo.

577 downloads

Physiological and behavioural response of two dairy cows’ genotypes during summertime in the central region of Chile
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Arias, Rodrigo A.

; Herrera, Camila

; Larraín, Rafael

; González, Fernando

; Mader, Terry L.

; Velásquez, Alejandro

Austral journal of veterinary sciences

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Jan 2018, Volume 50 Nº 1 Páginas 9 - 14

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT: Heat stress has been recognised as a serious problem in dairy farms. The study goal was to assess the effects of climatic conditions on physiological and behavioural responses of dairy cows in Central Chile. Data of tympanic temperature (TT), panting score, respiration rate (RR), and shade utilization of cows from two genotypes, Holstein (H) and Holstein x Montbeliarde (HM), were collected twice per day (AM/PM) during three periods of the summer season in Central Chile. Moreover, three thermal comfort indices: Comprehensive climate index (CCI), temperature humidity-index (THI), and adjusted THI were estimated using meteorological data. The hour of each day was classified as “Normal” or “Stressful” based on CCI threshold of 25 °C. Statistical analysis included ANOVA, repeated measures analysis and Chi square test (a=0.05). There was an interaction of genotype x CCI condition x period (P=0.0026) with the highest TT of both genotypes under a stressful condition within each period. In addition, interactions of genotype x hour (P<0.0001) and genotype x CCI condition (P<0.0002) were also observed. The HM cows showed greater TT than H cows in both CCI conditions. The RR was higher during the afternoon and a greater proportion of cows used shade at “Mild” and “Moderate” CCI categories (P<0.001). Both genotypes showed some degree of heat stress, but cool nights and shade seem to be enough to allow to cows’ cope with the challenging diurnal conditions observed in the summer season. A study of these effects on milk production is necessary to confirm or discard the previous.

744 downloads

Aprendizaje basado en proyectos colaborativos de entornos de programación a partir de proyectos de ingeniería civil
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Herrera, Rodrigo Fernando

Revista Electrónica Educare

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Ago 2017, Volume 21 Nº 2 Páginas 205 - 222

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

ResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo es presentar y respaldar la aplicación de una metodología de enseñanza basada en el aprendizaje activo en un curso de programación dictado a estudiantes de primer año de la carrera de ingeniería civil. Las técnicas de aprendizaje activo utilizadas son el aprendizaje basado en proyectos y el aprendizaje colaborativo. La metodología de investigación es el estudio de tres casos. La aplicación de esta metodología se respalda con el alza de los porcentajes de logro de los resultados de aprendizaje obtenidos por el estudiantado de un mismo curso, al cual se le aplicó metodología (curso académico 2015), en desmedro de grupos de estudiantes en donde se aplicó una metodología tradicional de enseñanza (curso académico 2013-2014). Para evaluar el logro se aplicaron evaluaciones formativas y sumativas por la parte docente (heteroevaluación); además, se aplicó una autoevaluación al final del curso. De los resultados obtenidos se evidencia que, cuando se aplica una metodología activa, el estudiantado aumenta su logro en cada resultado de aprendizaje; disminuye la brecha entre su percepción de lo aprendido y la evaluación del profesorado; mejora sus habilidades actitudinales (autoaprendizaje, trabajo en equipo, desarrollo y presentación de informes), entre otras ventajas.

AbstractThe objective of this research is to present and support the implementation of a teaching methodology based on active learning in a programming course taught to students of the first year of the civil engineering career. The active learning techniques used are project-based learning and collaborative learning. The research methodology is the study of three cases. The application of this methodology is supported by the increase in the percentages of achievement of the learning results obtained by the students of the same course in which this methodology was implemented (academic year 2015), to the detriment of students where a traditional methodology of teaching was applied (academic year 2013-2014). To evaluate the achievement, formative and summative evaluations were used by the teaching staff (heteroevaluation), and a self-assessment was implemented at the end of the course as well. From the obtained results it is evident that, when applying an active methodology, the students increase their achievement in each learning result; they reduce the gap between their perception of what is learned and the evaluation of teachers; and they improve their attitudinal skills (self-learning, teamwork, development and presentation of reports), among other benefits.

https://doi.org/10.15359/ree.21-2.10 2558 downloads

Sobrevida a mediano plazo en los pacientes con hipertensión arterial pulmonar en la era de terapias vasodilatadoras específicas del territorio vascular pulmonar
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Herrera, Sebastián

; Gabrielli, Luigi

; Paredes, Alejandro

; Saavedra, Rodrigo

; Ocaranza, María Paz

; Sepúlveda, Pablo

; Donoso, Hernán

; López, Leonel

; Verdejo, Hugo

; Baraona, Fernando

; Castro, Pablo

Revista médica de Chile

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Jul 2016, Volume 144 Nº 7 Páginas 829 - 836

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and progressive disease. Long-term survival remains poor despite of advances in specific vasodilator therapy. Aim: To describe the survival rate in a cohort of PAH patients in two referral centers in Chile. Patients and Methods: One hundred fifteen patients aged 43 ± 15.6 years (85% females) with PAH qualified for this study. Their median pulmonary artery pressure was 55.4 ± 14 mmHg and their six minutes walking capacity was 368 ± 119 m. They were followed for 58 ± 0.4 months and their actual survival rates were compared with the estimated survival using the equation proposed by the French registry of PAH. Results: One, two and three year survival rates were 97, 94 and 89%, respectively. The observed survival rates were greater than the estimated survival. Conclusions: The improvement in survival rates observed in this cohort of patients is similar to what has been described in literature.

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Segmentación de elementos anatómicos en imágenes microscópicas de madera usando técnicas de visión artificial
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Espinosa, Luis Fernando

; Herrera, Rodrigo Javier

; Polanco-Tapia, Cesar

Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología

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Out 2015, Volume 17 Nº 4 Páginas 735 - 748

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

The characteristics of the elements of wood microscopic images are keys to identify the species of which comes a sample. This paper presented a novel segmentation method for pores, rays and fiber. The proposed methodology uses a set of algorithms from digital image processing consistent with the characteristics of each element. For pores, a texture descriptor, a clustering algorithm and active contours were used; for radios, mathematical morphology and Gabor filters were used for emphasis and to segment proceeds in three steps: mean-shift clustering, a Gibbs sampler and area opening; the fiber was taken as the surplus of previous segmentation processes. Experimental results with 18 manually segmented samples of Gaiadendron punctatum species demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method, using performance statistics such as the overall success rate and the specificity and sensibility by element.

Las características de los elementos que componen las imágenes microscópicas de madera son claves para la identificación de la especie de la cual proviene una muestra. En este artículo se presentó un método novedoso de segmentación de poros, radios y fibras. La metodología propuesta utilizó un conjunto de algoritmos de visión artificial acordes a las características de cada elemento. Para los poros se usó un descriptor de texturas, un algoritmo de agrupamiento y contornos activos; para los radios se utilizaron morfología matemática y filtros de Gabor para destacarlos y para segmentar se procedió en tres pasos: agrupamiento mean-shift, un muestrador de Gibbs y apertura de área; la fibra fue tomada como el excedente de los procesos de segmentación anteriores. Resultados experimentales con 18 muestras segmentadas manualmente de la especie Gaiadendron punctatum demostraron la eficiencia del método propuesto, usando estadísticas de desempeño tales como la precisión a nivel global y la sensibilidad y especificidad por cada elemento.

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10.

Consenso latinoamericano de hipertensión en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2 y síndrome metabólico
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López-Jaramillo, Patricio

; Sánchez, Ramiro A

; Díaz, Margarita

; Cobos, Leonardo

; Bryce, ALfonso

; Parra-Carrillo, José Z

; Lizcano, Fernando

; Lanas, Fernando

; Sinay, Isaac

; Sierra, Iván D

; Peña Herrera, Ernesto

; Bendersky, Mario

; Schmid, Helena

; Botero, Rodrigo

; Urina, Manuel

; Lara, Joffre

; Foos, Milton C

; Márquez, Gustavo

; Harrap, Stephen

; Ramírez, Agustín J

; Zanchetti, Alberto

Acta Medica Colombiana

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Jul 2013, Volume 38 Nº 3 Páginas 154 - 172

Resumo: Es En | Texto: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El presente documento ha sido preparado por un grupo de expertos, miembros de las sociedades de cardiología, endocrinología, medicina interna, nefrología y diabetes de los países de América Latina, para que sirvan de guía a los médicos que cuidan a pacientes con diabetes, hipertensión y enfermedades concomitantes o complicaciones de ambas condiciones. Aunque el concepto de síndrome metabólico actualmente es discutido, la alta prevalencia en América Latina del conjunto de alteraciones metabólicas que lo conforman sugiere que el síndrome metabólico es una entidad nosográfica común en el contexto de la medicina latinoamericana. Por lo tanto, en el presente documento se presta especial atención a este síndrome con el fin de alertar a los médicos de una particular población de alto riesgo, en la que por lo general es subestimada y no se tratan en forma optima los factores de riego que constituyen el síndrome metabólico. Las presentes recomendaciones son el resultado de las presentaciones y los debates en los paneles de discusión durante una reunión de dos días celebrada en Bucaramanga en octubre de 2012. Todos los participantes han aprobado las conclusiones finales. Los autores reconocen que la publicación y difusión de las guías no serán suficientes para alcanzar los cambios recomendados tanto en las estrategias diagnósticas como terapéuticas, por lo que se ha programado intervenciones que permitan identificar las barreras del conocimiento, de las actitudes y de comportamiento, lo que permitirá tanto a los médicos como a los pacientes una adecuada adherencia a las recomendaciones de las guías. (Acta MedColomb 2013; 38: 154-172).

Abstract The present document has been prepared by a group of experts, members of cardiology, endocrinology, internal medicine, nephrology and diabetes societies of Latin American Countries, to serve as a guide to physicians taking care of patients with diabetes, hypertension and comorbidities or complications of both conditions. Although the concept of metabolic syndrome is currently disputed, the higher prevalence in Latin America of that cluster of metabolic alterations has suggested that metabolic syndrome is useful nosography entity in the context of Latin American medicine. Therefore, in the present document, particular attention is paid to this syndrome in order to alert physicians on a particular high- risk population, usually underestimated and undertreated. These recommendations results from presentation and debates by discussion panels during a 2-day conference held in Bucaramanga, in October 2012, and all the participants have approved the final conclusions. The authors acknowledge that the publication and diffusion of guidelines do not suffice to achieve the recommended changes in diagnostic or therapeutic strategies, and plan suitable interventions overcoming both physicians and patients from effectively adhering to guideline recommendations. (Acta Med Colomb 2013; 38: 154-172)).

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11.

Manejo endovascular de las complicaciones agudas de la disección aórtica tipo B
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IBÁÑEZ C, FERNANDO

; BIANCHI S, VÍCTOR

; SEITZ C, JUAN

; PARRA G, JUAN

; SALAS DEL C, CRISTIÁN

; ARRIAGADA R, ALFREDO

; CORVALÁN Z, FELIPE

; BASTÍAS F, WALDO

; PIZARRO M, ISMAEL

; CAM L, ALFREDO

; JULIO A, RODRIGO

; HERRERA N, JUAN

Revista médica de Chile

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Jul 2010, Volume 138 Nº 7 Páginas 821 - 826

Resumo: En Es | Texto: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: Type B aortic dissection is usually managed by intensive care medical therapy and surgery is reserved for treating the complications that can occur during the evolution of a case. Aim: To assess the endovascular management of acute complications of type B aortic dissection and the closure of the intimal defect and aortic false lumen. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 8 consecutive patients aged 40 to 57 years (seven males) treated for acute complications in the initial episode of a type B aortic dissection between August 2006 and July 2008. Results: Six/eight were known hypertensive patients. The indications for surgery were intractable pain in one, hypertension refractory to treatment in two and distal hypoperfusion in fve. Five patients required covering of the left subclavian artery ostium, without need for surgical repair. One patient was subjected to renal angioplasty and stenting. Technical success was achieved in all cases, with complete closure of the proximal aortic tear and thoracic aortic false lumen, although 7 of patients had a persistent distal aortic false lumen. One case had a transient lower limb paraparesis. No patient died. Conclusions: Endovascular treatment is effective in closing the aortic tear as well as the thoracic aortic false lumen in aortic type B dissections with a low complication rate. Due to the high frequency of distal aortic false lumen persistence, it is not a defnitive treatment for this condition but it is useful for the acute complications of the initial phase of type B aortic dissection.

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