Summary: In recent decades, water scarcity has increased considerably in Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua - the most important apple-growing region of Mexico. Thus, the objective of this research is focused on evaluating growth and development responses in apple rootstocks graf ted with Golden Delicious subjected to four drought cycles, comparing them with the continuous irrigation treatment. Ten rootstocks were evaluated (B.9, M.9Nic29, G.41, G.202, G.890, G.210, G.30, M.7, MM.111 and MM.109) used in the commercial apple orchards in the area, where all the rootstocks were obtained during the 2020 growing season. The planting was carried out in 20-L pots in March 2020 and a substrate composed of compost, soil and sand was used in a ratio of 1:1:1. The recorded variables measured were moisture percentage in the soil, the leading branch growth, leaf water potential, total biomass, and ef ficient water use. The rootstocks B.9 and M.9 Nic29 showed good results in most of the variables studied. Rootstocks with good recovery of leaf water potential af ter recovery irrigation were found. These rootstocks were; B.9, M.9Nic29, MM.111 and G.210. The total biomass was statistically the same in G.30, G.41, MM.111, MM.109, G.202 and B.9. In conclusion, rootstocks tolerate a certain degree of drought and can contribute to improving water use, highlighting B.9.

Resumen: La escasez de agua en la región manzanera más importante de México; Cuauhtémoc, Chihuahua, se ha incrementado considerablemente en las últimas décadas. El objetivo de esta investigación se concentró en evaluar la respuesta en crecimiento y desarrollo de portainjertos de manzano injertados con Golden Delicious, sometidos a cuatro ciclos de sequía, comparándolos con el tratamiento de riego continuo. Se evaluaron 10 portainjertos (B.9, M.9Nic29, G.41, G.202, G.890, G.210, G.30, M.7, MM.111 y MM.109), los cuales son utilizados en las huertas comerciales de manzano de la zona de Cuauhtémoc. Todos los portainjertos se obtuvieron de viveros comerciales durante la estación de crecimiento 2019. La plantación se realizó en macetas de 20 L en el mes de marzo de 2020 y se utilizó un sustrato compuesto por composta, suelo y arena en proporción 1:1:1. Las variables registradas fueron; porcentaje de humedad en el suelo, crecimiento de la rama líder, potencial hídrico de la hoja, biomasa total, y uso eficiente del agua. Los portainjertos B.9 y M.9Nic29 mostraron buenos resultados en la mayoría de las variables estudiadas. Los portainjertos B.9, M.9Nic29, MM.111 y G.210 mostraron buena recuperación del potencial hídrico de la hoja después del riego de recuperación. La biomasa total fue estadísticamente igual en G.30, G.41, MM.111, MM.109, G.202 y B.9. Se concluye que existen portainjertos que toleran cierto grado de sequía y que pueden contribuir a mejorar el uso del agua, destacando B.9.

ABSTRACT Quinoa is an Andean grain recognized for its high nutritional value and its ability to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. Most publications on this species have focused on agronomic or agroindustrial aspects, leaving uncertainties about the relationship between biological yield and compositional characteristics of the grain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the biological performance and agroindustrial properties of the seeds of three quinoa cultivars widely used in Colombia. A completely randomized design was used with the Pasankalla, Soraca and Titicaca cultivars. In the first phase, the physiological behavior of the plants under controlled conditions was evaluated. In the second phase, seed production and some compositional characteristics were determined in the laboratory. In general, the three cultivars showed significant diversity and differences in morphological, physiological and biochemical traits. The Titicaca cultivar presented the earliest maturity, taking 115.6 days to reach harvest, while Soraca was the cultivar with the highest production, achieving 321 g of seeds per plant. Regarding the characteristics of the grain, the Soraca and Pasankalla cultivars had the highest protein content, with values of 14.33 and 13.76%, respectively.

RESUMEN La quinua es un grano andino reconocido por su alto valor nutricional y su capacidad para tolerar condiciones ambientales extremas. La mayoría de las publicaciones sobre esta especie se han centrado en aspectos agronómicos o agroindustriales, dejando incertidumbres sobre la relación entre el rendimiento biológico y las características composicionales del grano. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el desempeño biológico y las propiedades agroindustriales de las semillas de tres cultivares de quinua ampliamente utilizados en Colombia. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con los cultivares Pasankalla, Soracá y Titicaca. En la primera fase se evaluó el comportamiento fisiológico de las plantas en condiciones controladas. En la segunda fase se determinó en laboratorio la producción de semillas y algunas características composicionales. En general, los tres cultivares mostraron diversidad y diferencias significativas en rasgos morfológicos, fisiológicos y bioquímicos. El cultivar Titicaca presentó la madurez más temprana, tardando 115,6 días en alcanzar a cosecha, mientras que Soracá fue el cultivar con mayor producción, logrando 321 g de semillas por planta. En cuanto a las características del grano, los cultivares Soracá y Pasankalla presentaron el mayor contenido de proteína, con valores de 14,33 y 13,76%, respectivamente.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los errores de prescripción abarcan una amplia gama de faltas que pueden ir desde una selección incorrecta del medicamento hasta la ausencia de información importante en la receta médica, estos últimos llamados errores de omisión, los cuales pueden afectar la salud del paciente. Sin embargo, en México no hay reportes sobre errores de omisión en centros de atención de primer nivel, los cuales son las instituciones que atienden la mayoría de los problemas de salud de la población. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de los errores de omisión identificados en las prescripciones médicas emitidas en un centro de salud de primer nivel de la Ciudad de México en el año 2021. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo. Se analizaron 11 tipos de errores de omisión presentes en las recetas médicas de acuerdo con la normativa mexicana vigente. Se estimó la prevalencia de cada tipo de error y se calculó la tasa de errores de omisión. Resultados: Se analizó un total de 5822 recetas médicas y se encontraron 3424 errores de omisión. La tasa de error fue de 1,08 errores por receta. Los errores más frecuentemente encontrados fueron la omisión de la relación diagnóstico/medicamento (38,91 %), la forma farmacéutica (30,54 %) y la concentración (12,11 %). Discusión: Se encontró una alta prevalencia de errores de omisión en las prescripciones médicas en el centro de salud sede del estudio en el año 2021. Es necesario implementar sistemas de apoyo al personal de salud con miras a disminuir los errores de prescripción.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Prescription errors cover a wide range of errors that can range from an incorrect selection of the medication to the lack of important information in the medical prescription, the latter called omission errors, which can affect the patient's health. However, in Mexico there are no reports on omission errors in first-level care centers, which are the institutions that address the majority of the population's health problems. Objective: To determine the prevalence of omission errors identified in medical prescriptions issued in a first-level health center in Mexico City in 2021. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study. Eleven types of omission errors present in medical prescriptions were analyzed according to current Mexican regulations. The prevalence of each type of error was estimated and the rate of omission errors was calculated. Results: A total of 5822 medical prescriptions were analyzed and 3424 omission errors were found. The error rate was 1.08 errors per prescription. The most frequently found errors were the omission of the diagnosis/medication relationship (38.91%), the pharmaceutical form (30.54%) and the concentration (12.11%). Discussion: A high prevalence of omission errors was found in medical prescriptions at the health center that hosted the study in 2021. It is necessary to implement support systems for health professionals with a view to reducing prescription errors.

ABSTRACT An eight-week feeding trial investigated the effects of fishmeal (FM) replacement by soybean meal (SBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) in diets supplemented with two methionine sources (DL-Met and AQUAVI®) and their combinations with ECOBIOL® (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940) on growth performance, body composition, and nutrient metabolism of Penaeus vannamei. Four hundred shrimp (0.30 ± 0.04 g) randomly distributed into 20 tanks (20 shrimp tank-1) were fed with five experimental diets (four repetitions per diet). A control diet (CD; 20% FM) and four diets with 50% FM replacement supplemented with different methionine sources and ECOBIOL® combinations: D1 (0.13% DL-MET), D2 (0.06% AQUAVI®), D3 (0.13% DL-MET plus 0.10% ECOBIOL®), and D4 (0.06% AQUAVI® plus 0.10% ECOBIOL®). Shrimp fed D2 and D4 had better growth performance, nutrient utilization, and body composition. Shrimp fed D3 also had good growth performance but higher lipid body composition. Shrimp fed D1 had the worst growth performance, nutrient utilization, and body composition values. Nutrient metabolism-related genes were affected by dietary treatments. Protein synthesis-related genes decreased mostly in shrimp fed D1 and D2 while increased mostly in shrimp fed D3 and D4, lipolysis-related genes had a better transcriptional response in shrimp fed D4 and lipogenesis-related genes were mostly downregulated in shrimp fed D2 while were mostly upregulated in shrimp fed D3 and D4. Results suggested that FM could be partially replaced with SBM and PBM in shrimp feeds supplemented with 0.06% AQUAVI® alone or combined with 0.10% ECOBIOL® without adversely affecting the growth and nutrient metabolism of P. vannamei.

Resumen Este artículo esboza una suerte de impresión diagnóstica de la figura del filósofo. Aunque esta tarea pueda convocar a otras ramas del conocimiento humano, no constituye un estudio psicológico de personalidad ni mucho menos la propuesta para una nueva nosología. Si bien para el tema resulta inevitable señalar el conjunto cualitativo de rasgos, tendencias afectivas y disposiciones corporales usualmente asociados al filósofo, el desarrollo procura apegarse al terreno propiamente filosófico y, al principio, arrancarlo desde una perspectiva literaria. Si se habla de diagnosis, se hace en un sentido figurado más que clínico. Si se habla de especie, es desde la lógica aristotélica. Y para responder a la pregunta cómo es un filósofo, de entre todos sus exponentes, Nietzsche se erige como la principal guía, ya que fue él quien resumió con un adjetivo, de gran polivalencia metafórica, cómo es, cómo ha de ser, un filósofo: un intempestivo.

Abstract This article sketches a sort of diagnostic impression of the philosopher’s figure. Although this task may summon other fields of the human knowledge, it does not constitute a psychological study of personality, much less the proposal for a new nosology. Although it is inevitable for this matter to point out the qualitative set of characteristics, affective tendencies and body dispositions usually associated with the philosopher, this exposition tries to stick to the strict philosophical domain and, at the beginning, to start it up from a literary perspective. When talking about diagnosis, it is in a figurative rather than a clinical sense. When talking about species, it is from the Aristotelian logic. And to answer the question of what a philosopher is like, among all its exponents, Nietzsche stands as the main guide, since who summarized with an adjective, of great metaphorical polyvalence, what a philosopher is like, what he must be like: an untimely one.

Abstract: Perioperative myocardial ischemia can occur during surgery in high-risk patients, which could increase postoperative morbidity and mortality. The heart can tolerate the effects of acute ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury if several short cycles of I/R are applied prior to sustained myocardial ischemia. This strategy is used before (ischemic preconditioning) or after (ischemic postconditioning) sustained lethal ischemia. In pharmacological conditioning, drugs are used to obtain cardioprotective effects like ischemic preconditioning. Opioids have been used in pharmacological conditioning. Remifentanyl is the most extensively studied opioid in cardioprotection. Previous studies show that remifentanyl protects against I/R damage by applying it pre, trans and post-reperfusion in experimental studies and in clinical practice. In this work we studied the postconditioning induced with remifentanyl in the Langendorff model of isolated and perfused rat heart. This model reproduces myocardial ischemia in the heart isolated from an anesthetized animal. The variables recorded were left intraventricular pressure (LVP), heart rate (HR), and heart contractile activity expressed as cardiac work (TC = LVP × HR). Ischemia occurred when the perfusion was stopped for 30 minutes. Later, reperfusion was restored for two hours, observing the response of the isolated heart under the different conditions. In control hearts with I/R, the TC decreased by 40%. On the other hand, remifentanyl recovered the basal levels of TC control without I/R. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of remifentanyl postconditioning in daily clinical practice.

Resumen: La isquemia miocárdica perioperatoria es un evento observado durante la cirugía en pacientes de alto riesgo y aumenta significativamente la morbimortalidad postoperatoria. El corazón puede tolerar los efectos de la lesión aguda por la isquemia-reperfusión (I/R) si se aplican varios ciclos cortos de I/R previos a la isquemia miocárdica sostenida. Esta estrategia cardioprotectora puede ser usada previamente (preacondicionamiento isquémico) o posteriormente (postacondicionamiento isquémico) al período de isquemia sostenida letal. El condicionamiento farmacológico consiste en el uso de fármacos para obtener efectos cardioprotectores similares al condicionamiento isquémico. Los opioides se han utilizado en el condicionamiento farmacológico, en particular el remifentanil es el más extensamente estudiado en la cardioprotección. Estudios previos demuestran que protege contra el daño por la I/R aplicándolo pre, trans y postreperfusión tanto en estudios experimentales como en la práctica clínica. En este trabajo se estudia el postacondicionamiento inducido con remifentanil en el modelo de Langendorff de corazón aislado y perfundido de rata. Este modelo permite reproducir la isquemia miocárdica en el corazón aislado de un animal anestesiado. Las variables registradas fueron: presión intraventricular izquierda (PVI), frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y actividad contráctil del corazón expresada como el trabajo cardíaco (TC = PVI × FC). La isquemia se produjo al suspender la perfusión de la solución Krebs-Henseleit durante 30 minutos, posteriormente se estableció la reperfusión durante dos horas, observándose la respuesta del corazón aislado en las diferentes condiciones. En los corazones control con I/R, el TC disminuyó un 40%. Por otro lado, el remifentanil recuperó los niveles basales de TC del control sin I/R, demostrando su efecto cardioprotector.

Resumen La diversidad genética es importante para la adaptación de una especie a los cambios ambientales, por lo que el conocimiento del nivel y distribución de la diversidad es útil para elaborar estrategias de conservación y manejo de una especie; sin embargo, la información sobre diversidad genética es escasa para especies arbóreas que habitan en el bosque tropical caducifolio, como es el caso de lináloe [Bursera linanoe (La Llave) Rzed., Calderón & Medina], una especie que crece en dos subprovincias bióticas en el bosque tropical seco de los estados de Guerrero, Morelos, Puebla y Oaxaca en México. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la diversidad y estructura genética de Bursera linanoe en poblaciones naturales en dos subprovincias bióticas. En 2019 se recolectó follaje de 92 árboles de lináloe en cuatro poblaciones en las subprovincias bióticas Balsasana y Cañadiana. Posteriormente, el ADN se extrajo del follaje con el protocolo CTAB. Cinco intermicrosatélites (ISSR) se utilizaron, y los fragmentos fueron separados en geles de agarosa. Los siguientes estimadores de diversidad genética se calcularon: porcentaje de loci polimórficos (P), heterocigosidad esperada (He), número efectivo de alelos por locus (Ne) e índice de Shannon (IS); además, se estimó el FST de Wright y se realizó un análisis de varianza molecular (AMOVA). También, la estructura genética se evaluó con el software STRUCTURE. Los valores de los estimadores de la diversidad genética para lináloe fueron: P = 100 %, He = 0.352, Ne = 1.618 e IS = 0.522, el valor de FST fue 0.160. La partición de la diversidad genética fue de 74 % dentro de poblaciones, 21 % entre poblaciones y 5 % entre subprovincias. Cuatro grupos (K) se formaron con los árboles de lináloe de las cuatro poblaciones. El número de migrantes fue 1.3 por generación. Se encontró una diversidad genética alta y una diferenciación alta entre poblaciones de Bursera linanoe.

Summary Genetic diversity is important for the adaptation of a species to environmental changes, thus knowledge of the level and distribution of diversity is useful for developing conservation and management strategies for a species; however, information on genetic diversity is scarce for tree species that habit in the tropical deciduous forest as is case of linaloe [Bursera linanoe (La Llave) Rzed., Calderón & Medina], a species that grows in two biotic subprovinces in the dry tropical forest of the states of Guerrero, Morelos, Puebla and Oaxaca in Mexico. Therefore, the objective of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity and structure of Bursera linanoe in natural populations at two biotic subprovinces. In 2019, foliage was collected from 92 linaloe trees in four populations of the biotic subprovinces Balsasana and Cañadiana. Subsequently, the DNA was extracted from the foliage with the CTAB protocol. Five inter-microsatellites (ISSR) were used, and the fragments were separated on agarose gels. The following estimators of genetic diversity were calculated: percentage of polymorphic loci (P), expected heterozygosity (He), effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) and Shannon index (SI). In addition, the Wright’s FST was estimated, and an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was performed. Also, the genetic structure was evaluated with the STRUCTURE software. The values of the genetic diversity estimators were P = 100 %, He = 0.352, Ne = 1.618 and SI = 0.522, the FST value was 0.160. The partition of genetic diversity was 74 % within populations, 21 % between populations and 5 % between subprovinces. Four groups (K) were formed with the linaloe trees of the four populations. The number of migrants was 1.3 per generation. High genetic diversity and high genetic differentiation between population of Bursera linanoe were found.

Resumen Los inventarios forestales dependen de las ecuaciones de cubicación que se utilizan para la cuantificación del volumen o biomasa de los árboles en los rodales; los resultados variarán dependiendo del tipo de ecuación, así como de su capacidad predictiva. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar las estimaciones de volúmenes en pie cuando se utilizan las ecuaciones del Inventario Nacional Forestal (INF) vs las del Sistema Biométrico Forestal (SiBiFor) para los diferentes componentes arbóreos de 25 especies de clima templado de San Juan Quiahije, Oaxaca, México. Se establecieron 450 sitios de 1000 m2 donde se recopiló información de 16,863 árboles de los géneros Pinus y Quercus, siguiendo el manual recomendado por el Sistema de Planeación Forestal de Bosque Templado (SiPlaFor). Como criterio discriminante se utilizó la prueba de hipótesis con t-Student (P ≤ 0.05) para determinar el mejor sistema de cubicación, así como un 10 % de las ramas para calcular el volumen total árbol (Vta) de cada especie con el INF. A través del volumen ha-1 promedio por especie se evidencia que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos sistemas al traslaparse los intervalos de confianza de ambos sistemas; sin embargo, el SiBiFor es más conservador en la estimación del volumen. Esto estimula a utilizar las ecuaciones alométricas del SiBiFor para la elaboración de programas de manejo forestal maderable bajo el enfoque de sustentabilidad en el área de estudio.

Summary Forest inventories depend on the cubication equations used to quantify the volume or biomass of trees in stands; results will vary depending on the equation type, as well as on its predictive ability. The objective of this research was to compare estimates of standing volumes when using the equations of the National Forest Inventory (NFI) vs those of the Forest Biometric System (SiBiFor) for volume estimation of the different tree components for 25 temperate climate species of San Juan Quiahije, Oaxaca, Mexico. Four hundred and fifty sites of 1000 m2 were established where information was collected on 16,863 trees of the genera Pinus and Quercus following the manual recommended by the Temperate Forest Planning System (SiPlaFor). As a discriminant criterion the hypothesis test with t-Student (P ≤ 0.05) was used to determine the best cubication system, as well as 10 % of the branches to calculate the total tree volume (Ttv) of each species with the NFI. By using the average volume ha-1 per species it was shown that there are no statistically significant differences between the two systems as the confidence intervals overlap; however, SiBiFor is more conservative in volume estimate. This encourages the use of SiBiFor allometric equations for the development of forest management programs under the sustainability approach in the study area.

Abstract Efficacy and effectivity of new interventions are generally established through randomized clinical trials (RCTs). However, among many other methodological challenges, specifying the hypothesis of a RCT remains complex problem for clinical researchers. In this manuscript we discuss the characteristics of three variants of RCTs: superiority RCT (SRCT), non-inferiority RCT (NIRCT), and equivalence RCT (ERCT). These three types of RCT have different assumptions about the effects of an intervention, so setting hypotheses and defining objectives requires knowing some assumptions underlying these RCTs, including elements related to the estimation of the sample size for each one. The aim of this manuscript was to describe methodological differences between SRCT, NIRCT and ERCT.

Resumen La eficacia de una nueva intervención se establece generalmente a través de ensayos clínicos (EC) con asignación aleatoria (AA). Sin embargo, entre otros tantos desafíos metodológicos, el especificar la hipótesis de un EC con AA, sigue siendo un problema complejo de resolver para los investigadores clínicos. En este manuscrito discutimos las características de tres variantes de los EC con AA: EC de superioridad (ECS), EC de no-inferioridad (ECNI), y EC de equivalencia (ECE). Estos tres tipos de EC tienen supuestos diferentes sobre los efectos de una intervención, por lo que plantear hipótesis y definir objetivos requiere conocer algunos supuestos subyacentes a estos EC, incluso hasta elementos relacionados con la estimación del tamaño de muestra para cada cual. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue describir las diferencias metodológicas entre ECS, ECNI y ECE.

Abstract Migraine is one of the most common types of headaches, affecting almost all group ages and both sexes. Nevertheless, it is known that migraine can modify its characteristics during pregnancy and that nearly 60-80% of pregnant women with migraine will suffer attacks, especially during the first trimester. In this narrative review, we describe critical aspects of this frequent neurological pathology during pregnancy and provide a reference hallmark to guide diagnosis and treatment.

Resumen La migraña es uno de los tipos de dolores de cabeza más comunes y afecta a casi todos los grupos de edades y a ambos sexos. Sin embargo, se sabe que la migraña puede modificar sus características durante el embarazo y que cerca del 60-80% de las mujeres embarazadas con migraña sufrirán ataques, especialmente durante el primer trimestre. En esta revisión narrativa, describimos aspectos críticos de esta patología neurológica frecuente durante el embarazo y proporcionamos referencias para guiar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento.

Abstract Objective: In this study, a comparative evaluation of the physicochemical properties of Cention N and other direct restorative materials was performed. Three restorative materials—a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC), an alkasite-based resinous material (Cention N), and a resin composite (Tetric N Ceram)—were characterized in terms of degree of conversion, Knoop hardness number (KHN) ratio, flexural strength, elastic modulus, water sorption, water solubility, microshear bond strength to dentin, immediate microleakage, and radiopacity. Methodology: The microshear bond strength to dentin and microleakage of Cention N were evaluated with and without the application of an adhesive system (Tetric N Bond Universal). A one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the data in terms of degree of conversion, KHN ratio, water sorption, water solubility, microshear bond strength to dentin, and radiopacity. A two-way ANOVA test (carried out considering the material type and ethanol aging as factors) was used to analyze the data in terms of flexural strength and elastic modulus. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to statistically analyze the data on microleakage. A significance level of α=0.05 was used for all tests. Results: Fuji II LC was found to have the highest degree of conversion, water sorption, and microleakage, as well as the lowest flexural strength. Cention N had the highest solubility; when used with an adhesive system, it achieved bond strength and microleakage similar to those of the Tetric N Ceram composite. Tetric N Ceram had the highest degree of conversion, KHN ratio, and radiopacity. Conclusion: The properties of Cention N validate its efficacy as an alternative direct restorative material when used in conjunction with an adhesive system. Objective study performed materialsa resinmodified modified LC, , LC) alkasitebased alkasite based N, N) Ceramwere conversion (KHN ratio modulus sorption solubility radiopacity Methodology Universal. Universal . Universal) oneway one way twoway two carried factors KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis α005 α 0 05 α=0.0 tests Results Conclusion α00 α=0. α0 α=0 α=

Abstract Objectives To analyze the clinical utility of a clinical risk scale to predict the need for advanced airway management in patients with deep neck abscess. Methods Observational, analytical, cross-sectional study. Patients over 18 years old, both genders, with surgical management of a deep neck abscess, between January 1st, 2015 to December 31th, 2021, who were applied the clinical risk scale (https://7-414-5-19.shinyapps.io/ClinicalRiskScore/). The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the scale were calculated based on the identified clinical outcomes. A p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results A sample of 213 patients was obtained, 121 (56.8%) men, of whom 50 (23.5%) required advanced airway management. Dyspnea was the variable with the most statistical weight in our study, (p = 0.001) as well as the multiple spaces involvement, (p = 0.001) the presence of air corpuscles, (p = 0.001) compromise of the retropharyngeal space (p = 0.001) and age greater than 55 years (p = 0.001). Taking these data into account, were found for the clinical risk scale a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 65% (p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.856-0.984). Conclusions The clinical risk scale developed to predict advanced airway management in patients with a diagnosis of deep neck abscess may be applicable in our environment with high sensitivity and specificity. Level of evidence: IV. Observational analytical crosssectional cross sectional study 1 old genders 1st st 201 31th th 2021 https//7414519.shinyapps.io/ClinicalRiskScore/. https7414519shinyappsioClinicalRiskScore httpsshinyappsioClinicalRiskScore https //7 414 5 19.shinyapps.io/ClinicalRiskScore/ . 7 19 shinyapps io ClinicalRiskScore (https://7-414-5-19.shinyapps.io/ClinicalRiskScore/) outcomes 005 0 05 0.0 significant 21 obtained 12 56.8% 568 56 8 (56.8% men 23.5% 235 23 (23.5% 0.001 0001 001 involvement corpuscles 0.001. account 97 65 95 0.8560.984. 08560984 0.856 0.984 856 984 0.856-0.984) evidence IV 20 202 7414519 https//7414519.shinyapps.io/ClinicalRiskScore/ shinyappsioClinicalRiskScore // 41 19shinyappsioClinicalRiskScore 19.shinyapps.io/ClinicalRiskScore (https://7-414-5-19.shinyapps.io/ClinicalRiskScore/ 00 0. 2 56.8 (56.8 23.5 (23.5 0.00 000 9 6 8560 0.8560.984 0856098 0856 0.85 0984 0.98 85 98 0.856-0.984 741451 https//7414519.shinyapps.io/ClinicalRiskScore / 4 (https://7-414-5-19.shinyapps.io/ClinicalRiskScore 56. (56. 23. (23. 0.8560.98 085609 085 0.8 098 0.9 0.856-0.98 74145 (56 (23 0.8560.9 08560 08 09 0.856-0.9 7414 (5 (2 0.8560. 0.856-0. 741 ( 0.8560 0.856-0 74 0.856-

ABSTRACT The classification of tomato ripening stages involves assigning a tomato to a category based on the visual indicators of its maturity. Indeed, the specific number of categories and their attributes are determined by the agricultural standards of each country, which rely on an empirical understanding of visual characteristics. Conversely, automatic unsupervised classification techniques, such as deep learning-based methods, autonomously learn their characteristics. In this research, a comparison is made between expert-based classification and unsupervised classification, with a particular focus on the analysis of the number of clusters and their respective features. Remarkably, this investigation finds an alignment in the number of clusters identified by both methods. This discovery supports the notion that the expert-based classification system is compatible with automated approaches. The outcomes of this research could aid the agricultural sector in refining automatic classification techniques. Furthermore, this work provides the scientific community with valuable insights into the clustering of images by machine learning methods. maturity Indeed country characteristics Conversely techniques learningbased methods expertbased expert features Remarkably approaches Furthermore

RESUMO A classificação do estágio de maturação do tomate envolve atribuir uma classe a um tomate com base nos aspectos visuais da sua maturidade. De fato, o número de classes e suas características são definidos pelas normas do departamento agrícola de cada país, as quais são baseadas no conhecimento empírico sobre as características visuais. Por outro lado, métodos de classificação automática não supervisionados, como aqueles baseados em aprendizado profundo, aprendem suas características de forma independente. Neste trabalho, comparamos a classificação baseada em especialistas com a classificação não supervisionada, analisando particularmente o número de agrupamentos (clusters) e as características de cada um. Surpreendentemente, nosso estudo revela uma coincidência no número de agrupamentos para ambas as abordagens. Com essa descoberta, fornecemos evidências de que a classificação atual baseada em especialistas também é adequada para métodos automáticos. As descobertas deste estudo podem ajudar a indústria agrícola a desenvolver métodos precisos de classificação automática. Além disso, para a comunidade científica, este estudo oferece percepções sobre como os métodos de aprendizado de máquina agrupam imagens. maturidade fato país lado supervisionados profundo independente trabalho supervisionada clusters (clusters Surpreendentemente abordagens descoberta automáticos disso científica imagens

Abstract Objective: To characterize the performance of some productive indicators of Murciano-Granadina goats under post-quarantine conditions in western Cuba. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the production and quality of milk, 10 lactating females and 12 kids of their offspring were selected during a period of 30 days. The quality indicators were: density, fat, nonfat solids, acidity and reductase. A semi-intensive production system was established, with controlled grazing and feeding trough supplementation with the protein forage plant Cratylia argentea (Desvaux O. Kuntze). Results: Survival of 97,4 % and 1,2 kids per birth were obtained during the study. Birth weight of the kids was 1,7 kg and daily gain was 0,08 kg. Average daily milk production was higher than 1,4 kg/goat. Conclusions: The analysis of the evaluated indicators allowed the characterization of the productive performance of the first genetic nucleus of Murciano-Granadina breed goats established in Cuba. In addition, the production and quality of milk produced by these goats comply with the genetic potential of this breed.

Resumen Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento de algunos indicadores productivos de cabras de la raza Murciano-Granadina en condiciones de poscuarentena en el occidente de Cuba. Materiales y Métodos: Para evaluar la producción y calidad de la leche se seleccionaron 10 hembras en lactancia y 12 cabritos de su descendencia durante un período de 30 días. Los indicadores de calidad fueron: densidad, grasa, sólidos no grasos, acidez y reductasa. Se estableció un sistema productivo semintensivo, con pastoreo controlado y complementación en canoa con la planta forrajera proteica Cratylia argentea (Desvaux O. Kuntze). Resultados: Se obtuvo supervivencia de 97,4 % y 1,2 cabrito por parto durante el estudio. El peso del cabrito al nacer fue de 1,7 kg y la ganancia diaria de 0,08 kg. La producción de leche promedio diaria fue superior a 1,4 kg/cabra. Conclusiones: El análisis de los indicadores evaluados permitió la caracterización del comportamiento productivo del primer núcleo genético de cabras de la raza Murciano-Granadina establecido en Cuba. Además, la producción y la calidad de la leche producida por estas cabras cumplen con el potencial genético de esta raza.

Abstract: An investigation was made in an automotive industry considered as industry 4.0 in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, which is the northwest zone of the Mexican Republic, evaluating optical sensors to optimize the visibility in cars, as the internet of things (IOT) process, to improve the productivity and quality yielding in the manufacturing areas of this industry evaluated. The main objective of this scientific study was the analysis of the operational yielding of electronic sensors used in the industrial operations to count, control and obtain and safeguarding numerical data of parameters of the sensors evaluated as numerical in a data base in a cloud and in a computer system, as an innovation technology. This investigation shows also a correlation analysis of the implementation of innovation system in industrial process of the industry where was made the scientific study, with the evaluation of the operative yielding as innovation with the productivity and quality indices. The correlation analysis was made with the Spearmen method. This was made to determine the levels of impact on the functionality of these electronic sensors on the productivity and quality indices that led to the economic profit factor, as an aspect of innovation, technology and economy in this evaluated industry. The evaluations were with the MatLab software, using statistical methods as the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and the Spearmen used to evaluate the reliability of the instrument as a questionnaire, with five managers of the industry evaluated about the use of these electronic sensors. The principal objective of this investigation was to determine the principal reason to use the industry 4.0 tools as IOT to improve industrial process in an automotive industry that is a relevant industry in the worldwide. Results shows the importance of the use of this type of industry 4.0 tool.