Abstract Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is a systemic vascular inflammatory disease. Huanglian Decoction (HLD) ameliorates renal injury in nephritis; however, the mechanism of action of HLD on HSPN has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the protective mechanism of HLD treatment in HSPN. The effects of HLD on HSPN biochemical indices, kidney injury and NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway were analyzed by biochemical analysis, ELISA, HE and PAS staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western Blot. In addition, the effects of HLD on HSPN cells were analyzed. We found that HLD treatment significantly reduced renal tissue damage, decreased the levels of IL-17, IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-1β, and increased the levels of TP and ALB in HSPN mice. It also inhibited the deposition of IgA, IgG, and C3 in kidney tissues and significantly decreased the expression of IκBα, p-IκBα, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β in kidney tissues and cells. In addition, PMA treatment inhibited the above-mentioned effects of HLD. These results suggested that HLD attenuates renal injury, IgA deposition, and inflammation in HSPN mice and its mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. HenochSchonlein Henoch Schonlein (HSPN disease (HLD however investigated indices NFκB/NLRP3 NFκBNLRP3 NFκBNLRP NF κB/NLRP3 κB NLRP3 NLRP NF-κB/NLRP analysis ELISA staining immunohistochemistry immunofluorescence Blot addition damage IL17, IL17 IL 17, 17 IL-17 IL18, IL18 18, 18 IL-18 TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α TNF-α IL1β, IL1β ILβ 1β, 1β β IgG C IκBα pIκBα, pIκBα p p-IκBα caspase1, caspase1 caspase 1, 1 caspase-1 abovementioned above mentioned NFκB NFκB/NLRP κBNLRP3 κBNLRP κB/NLRP IL1 IL-1 caspase- IL-

Background: The impact of enteral nutrition (EN) on surgical risk in Crohn's disease (CD) patients suffering from spontaneous intra-abdominal abscess (IAA) was evaluated. Methods: CD patients diagnosed with spontaneous IAA from 2008 to 2015 were included in the study. The impact of EN on surgical risk was evaluated using both univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: A total of 87 patients were enrolled, 66 (75.9%) were male. The mean age at the development of an abscess was 30.2 ± 10.1 years and the median duration of illness from CD diagnosis until the development of an abscess was three (2-6) years. After a median follow-up of 1.9 (1.1-2.9) years, surgical intervention was performed in 42 patients (48.3%). Patients treated with EN were less likely to require surgical intervention (26.1% vs 56.3%, p = 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that EN was an independent protective factor for the risk of surgery with a hazard ratio of 0.27 (95% confidence interval: 0.11-0.65, p = 0.004) after adjusting for abdominal pain, history of abdominal surgery, concomitant intestinal stenosis and prior use of antibiotics within three months. Conclusions: Surgical intervention is common for CD patients with IAA. Appropriate application of EN may help obviate the need for surgical treatment.

We use the logistic growth model to describe the bacterium growth in the presence of a Gaussian colored noise. The effects of multiplicative colored noise on the steady state probability distribution of the bacterium growth were investigated. Our results show that increasing the strength of the multiplicative colored noise may lead to decreasing bacterium number and even bacterium extinction. Our studies also indicate that increasing the correlate time of the noise may facilitate the bacterium growth to some extent.