Abstract Invasive non-native freshwater mollusks are a growing concern in South America, with 16 species already recorded in the region. Among them, Sinotaia quadrata has only been documented in Argentina, for the first time in the Punilla Valley, Córdoba (2009) and La Plata, Buenos Aires (since 2015). In this study, we report the presence of S. quadrata in two additional areas, the Río de la Plata River and a stream (unnamed) in the Paraná River basin, two of the most significant rivers in South America, located in the provinces of Buenos Aires and Entre Ríos, respectively. These new records confirm the invasive nature of this species, which has also been identified in Europe, the United States, and Africa in recent years. The findings of this study highlight the need for continued monitoring and management of invasive species in South America’s freshwater ecosystems. nonnative non native America 1 region them Argentina Valley 2009 (2009 since 2015. 2015 . 2015) S areas unnamed (unnamed basin Ríos respectively Europe States years Americas s ecosystems 200 (200 201 20 (20 2 (2 (

Abstract The Natural Reserve of Punta Lara (RNPL) is a protected natural area that includes Paranaense forest southernmost in the world. This area is surrounded by a densely populated and touristic sector. The objective of this work was to estimate the richness, diversity and equity of the RNPL mollusks (aquatic and terrestrial) and to establish the relationship of their species in aquatic environments. One sampling per year was carried out between 2013 and 2019. There were 32 species recorded (six are non-native species): 23 gastropods (14 freshwater, nine terrestrial) and nine bivalves. Three species were recorded in all sampling years, while six only on one occasion. The land snail genus Drepanostomella is reported for the first time in that region, and five freshwater species are reported for the first time for the RNPL. The similarity analysis of the freshwater environment separated the coastal environments from the internal environments. The environments with the highest specific richness were in internal sites of the RNPL, while the least diverse was the coast of the Río de la Plata, where the invasive species Limnoperna fortunei predominates. It is recommended to increase the conservation efforts of the different environments of the RNPL continuously threatened by urbanization. (RNPL world sector terrestrial 201 2019 3 nonnative non native species) 2 14 (1 bivalves years occasion region Plata predominates urbanization 20 1 (

Abstract Sarasinula plebeia is a common land slug in tropical and subtropical areas, including South America. This species is known as Bean-slug but considered a pest of great importance in numerous crops, horticultural facilities, plant nurseries, and garden. Also, it is a natural host for nematodes that cause parasitosis in different countries. We report for the first time the occurrence of Sarasinula plebeia in Argentina, based on material collected in the provinces of Chaco and Misiones, extending the distribution of the species in South America to 34 terrestrial ecoregions.

We studied freshwater snails inhabiting an urban pond in an enclosed private community from the northern Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina for a year and monitored individuals in order to observe parasite emergence. Specimens of the predominant snail species were measured and analyzed histologically to examine possible larval effects on the gonadal tissue causing alterations in the developmental stages of the gonads and the degree of parasite prevalence per age, sex, and host size calculated. Four species of snails were registered: Pomacea canaliculata, Physa acuta, Biomphalaria peregrina and Heleobia parchappii. The last of these was the most abundant, whose breeding season was in the spring. The parasitized snails exhibited a greater average length than those free of parasites. The larval prevalence increased with host length, becoming the highest in post-reproductive stage, but was not different between the sexes. Among the emerged cercariae, we noted a marked predominance of the family Notocotylidae.

Se estudiaron durante un año los gasterópodos de agua dulce que habitan en un estanque urbano en una comunidad privada cerrada del nordeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se monitorearon individuos para observar la emergencia de parásitos. Los especímenes de las especies de caracoles predominantes se midieron y se analizaron histológicamente para examinar los posibles efectos de larvas en el tejido gonadal, provocando alteraciones en las etapas de desarrollo de las gónadas y el grado de prevalencia de parásitos por edad, sexo, y el tamaño del hospedador calculado. Se registraron cuatro especies de gasterópodos: Pomacea canaliculata, Physa acuta, Biomphalaria peregrina y Heleobia parchappii. La última de estas fue más abundante, cuya época de oviposición fue en primavera. Los caracoles parasitados exhibieron una longitud promedio mayor que aquellos libres de parásitos. La prevalencia de larvas aumentó con la longitud del hospedador, llegando a ser la más alta en individuos en etapa postreproductiva, pero no fue diferente entre los sexos. Entre las cercarias emergentes, notamos un marcado predominio de la familia Notocotylidae

Abstract Malformations in animals have long been known. In gastropod, natural and induced malformations are mentioned in different systems and in ocular tentacles, mainly linked to cases of parasitism and exposure to pollutants (molluscicides and chemicals). In this study we present a new malformation not documented in the ocular tentacles of slug Deroceras reticulatum that could be due to the action of pesticides. This malformation in D. reticulatum is the first malformation to be mentioned for South America in nursery gardens.

ABSTRACT The genus Potamolithus Pilsbry, 1896 (Gastropoda; Tateidae), has 31 species, 22 of which are distributed in Argentina in Del Plata basin, defining the Uruguay River and the Río de la Plata as a “hotspot” of diversity in freshwater gastropods. However, most of its species has been described only by conchology characters and a few has anatomical data, leading to the description of subspecies or morphs that overlap each other. Potamolithus lapidum some authors attribute four subspecies (with conchology data and anatomical partial data), but others include eight “morphs”. We give a start the study of Potamolithus lapidum elevating to Potamolithus lapidum supersulcatus Pilsbry, 1896 to the category of species, of which only known partially conchology and radular characters. We provide data of: shell, pallial organs, head, foot, penis, radula, female and male reproductive system, nervous system and partial sequence of mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. A good description of species of the genus Potamolithus is necessary, because some species have been listed as vulnerable species and they inhabit rivers that are being modified by human activity and the presence of invasive bivalve Limnoperna fortunei.

RESUMEN El género Potamolithus Pilsbry, 1896 (Gastropoda; Tateidae), posee 31 especies, 22 de las cuales se hayan en la Argentina distribuidas principalmente en la cuenca Del Plata, definiendo al río Uruguay y al Río de la Plata como una zona caliente de diversidad en gasterópodos dulceacuícolas. Sin embargo, la mayoría de sus especies han sido descriptas solo por caracteres conquilógicos y, unas pocas tienen datos anatómicos, conllevando a la descripción de subespecies o morfos que se superponen unos a otros. A Potamolithus lapidum algunos autores le atribuyen cuatro subespecies (con datos conquiológicos, y una con datos parciales de anatomía blanda), sin embargo otros incluyen ocho “morfos”. Aquí nosotros damos un comienzo en el estudio de Potamolithus lapidum elevando a Potamolithus lapidum supersulcatus Pilsbry, 1896 a la categoría de especie, de la cual solo se conocen caracteres conquiológicos y radulares parcialmente. Aportamos datos de: concha, órganos paleales, cabeza, pie, pene, rádula, sistemas reproductor femenino y masculino, sistema nervioso y, secuencia parcial del gen mitocondrial citocromo c oxidasa subunidad I. Es necesario realizar una buena descripción de las especies del género Potamolithus debido a que algunas de las especies ya han sido citadas como especies vulnerables y que habitan ríos que están siendo modificados por la actividad humana y por la presencia del bivalvo invasor Limnoperna fortunei.

El Bosque Atlántico es una de las eco-regiones prioritarias para la conservación global de la diversidad biológica. En territorio argentino se encuentra representado por la Selva Paranense que ocupa gran parte de la provincia de Misiones. Aquí se presenta una lista actualizada de los moluscos terrestres de la provincia de Misiones, se evalúa su riqueza y se las compara entre áreas protegidas y no protegidas. Se elaboró una base de datos de 497 registros. Se utilizó una grilla de 50x50km sobre el mapa de la provincia de Misiones. Se amplió el número de especies presentes en esta provincia de 28 a 56 (11 exóticas y 25 micromoluscos). En áreas no protegidas se registraron 53 especies y 38 en áreas protegidas. Orthalicidae presentó el mayor número de especies (diez) y la distribución más amplia. Megalobulimus spp. se registró en 14 unidades de muestreo. Los mayores valores de riqueza específica se encontraron en el extremo norte de la provincia (R=32), donde a su vez se registra la mayor cantidad de muestreos. En esta región se mantienen grandes extensiones de vegetación autóctona que conforman la Selva Paranaense y zonas protegidas como el Parque Nacional Iguazú y el Parque Provincial Puerto Península.

The Atlantic Forest represents one of the global priority eco-regions for biodiversity conservation. In Argentina, this is represented by the Paranense Forest, which occupies much of the Misiones Province. In this paper, an updated list of land mollusks from Misiones Province is presented, and its species richness was evaluated comparing protected and unprotected areas. For this, we reviewed La Plata Museum Mollusk Collection, updated the literature review, and developed some field work between 2009 and 2010. For the areographic work, a grid (50x50km) was applied to a Misiones province map. In this region, large areas of native vegetation constituting the Paranaense Forest still persist, and include protected areas such as the Iguazú National Park and Puerto Península Provincial Park. These areas have been the most explored at the malacological level (both terrestrial and aquatic environments), a fact that is consistent with the greater number of records found, which may also be the explanation for the highest number of species recorded in the region. A database containing 497 records was compiled. The number of species occurring in this Province was increased from 28 to 56; 11 of which were exotic species. A total of 38 of the species occurred in protected areas and 53 in unprotected areas; and 25 species were micro-mollusks. Orthalicidae was the family with the highest species number (10) and the widest distribution, occupying 16/20 sampling units. Megalobulimus was the genus found in a greater number of sampling units (14/20). The highest values of specific richness of land gastropods were found in Northern Misiones (R=32). This richness was similar to that previously reported for the Tucumán Province, although species occurring in both provinces were mostly different. The richness in Misiones Province border areas, as the Republic of Paraguay and the state of Santa Catarina (Brazil), was about twice that found in the province. The present study showed the existence of poorly explored areas at malacological level, especially in Central and Eastern Misiones. Data presented here will allow focus future sampling efforts on such areas, so patterns of species distribution can be better defined. Rev. Biol. Trop. 61 (4): 1759-1768. Epub 2013 December 01.

Se presenta un estado de situación y una lista actualizada y comentada sobre las especies de moluscos de agua dulce de la República Argentina. Se aborda en Gastropoda y Bivalvia la distribución a nivel de familias; las entidades endémicas, exóticas, invasoras y de importancia sanitaria. Los moluscos relacionados a la cuenca del Plata presentan la mayor riqueza específica. Base de datos: 4 500 registros relevados de las tres colecciones más importantes de la Argentina: MLP, MACN y FML. Además, se incluye información de recolecciones actuales y localidades citadas por otros autores. Hasta el presente han sido descritas 166 especies. De ellas 101 pertenecen a 10 familias de Gastropoda y 65 a 7 de Bivalvia. Las familias que presentan mayor riqueza específica son Lithoglyphidae (22) y Sphaeriidae (25), respectivamente. Sphaeriidae, Cochliopidae, Chilinidae y Lymnaeidae se distribuyen prácticamente en todo el país. Erodonidae y Solecurtidae se registran en ambientes mixohalinos de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Thiaridae y Glacidorbiidae presentan una distribución muy restringida. Especies endémicas de la Argentina: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae (1), Cochliopidae (10), Lithoglyphidae (11), Thiariidae (3), Chilinidae (11), Lymnaeidae (2) y Physidae (2?); Bivalvia: Hyriidae (1?); Etheriidae (1?) y Sphaeriidae (10). Especies de interés sanitario: propagadoras de: Esquistosomiasis, Biomphalaria peregrina, B. straminea y B. tenagophila (Planorbidae); Fasciolasis, Lymnaea viatrix y L. columnella (Lymnaeidae); y dermatitis esquistosómicas, Chilina gibbosa y C. fluminea (Chilinidae). Especies de origen asiático: Corbicula fluminea (Corbiculidae) y Limnoperna fortunei (Mytilidae). Es prioritaria la formación de áreas protegidas para la conservación de especies endémicas, especialmente de la Mesopotamia Argentina.

Latin American Malacology. Freshwater Mollusks from Argentina. A report and an updated list with comments on the species of freshwater molluscs of Argentina which covers an area of 2 777 815 km² is presented. Distributions of Gastropoda and Bivalvia families, endemic, exotic, invasive as well as entities of sanitary importance are also studied and recommendations on their conservation are provided. Molluscs related to the Del Plata Basin have been thoroughly studied in comparison to others areas of the country. This fauna exhibits relatively the biggest specific richness and keeps its affinity with the fauna of other regions of the basin in areas of Paraguay and Brasil. The 4 500 records of molluscs considered in this paper arise from the study of the collections of Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales "Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires; Museo de La Plata, La Plata and Fundación "Miguel Lillo", Tucumán. These institutions keep very important collections of molluscs in southern South America. Field information has recently been obtained and localities cited by other authors are also included in the data base. Until today, 166 species have been described, 101 belonging to 10 families of Gastropoda and 65 to 7 of Bivalvia. Families with highest specific richness are Lithoglyphidae (22) and Sphaeriidae (25), respectively. The number of endemic species (those present only in Argentina) by family is: Gastropoda: Ampullariidae (1), Cochliopidae (10), Lithoglyphidae (11), Thiariidae (3), Chilinidae (11), Lymnaeidae (2) and Physidae (2?); Bivalvia: Hyriidae (1?); Etheriidae (1?) and Sphaeriidae (10). Families with a distribution that comprise almost the whole country are: the Sphaeriidae and the gastropods Cochliopidae, Chilinidae and Lymnaeidae. Families Erodonidae and Solecurtidae (Bivalvia) were registered in mixohaline environments from Buenos Aires province. Gastropod families Thiaridae and Glacidorbiidae show a very restricted distribution. The rest of the families are present mainly in the center and north of the country. Species of sanitary interest are the propagators of: schistosomiasis -Biomphalaria peregrina, B. straminea y B. tenagophila, Planorbidae-, fasciolasis -Lymnaea viatrix and L. columnella, Lymnaeidae- and dermatitis -Chilina gibbosa and C. fluminea, Chilinidae. Invasive species are: Corbicula fluminea (Corbiculidae) and Limnoperna fortunei (Mytilidae). The construction of new areas for the protection and conservation of the high risk endemic species of freshwater molluscs is a priority. It is necessary to give special attention to the species of the patagonic mountain range and of the mesopotamic area of the Del Plata Basin. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (1): 77-111. Epub 2008 March 31.

Industrial puffed rice scrap increases the carbon/nitrogen ratio in carbon-poor biodegradable organic matter, such as broiler chicken beddings (C/N= 14.6) (droppings + sunflower husks), optimizing the composting process. In Eisenia fetida field experiences (bimonthly sampling) done on cultures managed through self-inoculation (addition of 8-16% scrap to the chicken bedding), the substrate was accepted. Population increase and cocoon production, measured 127 days after the start, were not significantly different from control plots (broiler chicken bedding). Population size expanded with a nominal (nd) and effective (ed) increase of 2.69 and 3.51 times respectively compared to the initial numbers. The carrying capacity of the different organic matter mixtures approximates 30000 worms/bed (2m²) (w/B). The reproductive potential ("R") showed fluctuations (between 1000 and 10800 w/B) which agree with the dynamics of a population under this management strategy. Humus production was approximately 35 tons from an original 63.9 tons. In laboratory cultures (weekly weight control) with pure scrap, as worm substratum-feed, the following results, compared to home waste compost and rabbit manure (control), were recorded: more sexually mature animals; higher cocoon-per-animal production; average weight (at 17 weeks) a 47% higher than the weight obtained when using other diets.

El arroz expandido se utiliza en la fabricación de galletas para el consumo humano. Esta industria genera una gran cantidad de desperdicios biodegradables, principalmente un scrap con predominio de hidratos de carbono. Este desperdicio eleva la relación carbono/nitrógeno de la materia orgánica biodegradable con déficit de carbono. En el caso de las "camas" de pollos parrilleros (estiércol más cáscara de girasol, relación C/N= 14.6), el empleo de scrap optimiza su compostaje a una relación C/N= 40/1 - 30/1. En experiencias realizadas en el campo, con muestreos bimensuales, y en cultivos de Eisenia fetida con manejo mediante autosiembra (adición a las "camas" de pollo de 8-16% de scrap), resultó una buena aceptación del sustrato. Respecto del testigo ("cama" de pollos parrilleros), el incremento de la población de E. fetida al cabo de 127 días no se diferenció significativamente, al igual que en la producción de cocones. En laboratorio se realizaron cultivos con tres tipos de dieta para E. fetida con un control semanal del peso y con tres réplicas por dieta. La dieta 1 (testigo) se hizo en base a estiércol de conejo, la dieta 2 con compost de residuos domiciliarios y la 3 con scrap puro como medio-alimento de las lombrices. En los cultivos con scrap, con respecto a los otros dos, se observó que en 12 semanas presentaron más animales sexualmente maduros (dieta 1 = 16.7%; dieta 2 = 26.7%; dieta 3 = 91.3%). Independientemente de la dieta, las lombrices adquirieron la madurez con pesos corporales mayores a 0.24 g. Presentaron mayor producción de cocones/ animal (dieta 1 = 0.37; dieta 2 = 0.86; dieta 3 = 1.65) acorde con la elevación del potencial reproductor (dieta 1 = 2330; dieta 2 = 3729; dieta 3 = 12772). El peso medio en 17 semanas superó al de las restantes dietas en un 47% (dieta 1 = 0.178 g, DS = 0.0751, n = 27; Dieta 2 = 0.265 g, DS = 0.0738, n = 30; dieta 3 = 0.567 g, DS = 0.1276, n = 23).