Abstract Introduction: Management of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a challenging endeavor with several factors contruibuting to treatment failure. Calcimimetic therapy has revolutionized the management of SHPT, leading to changes in indications and appropriate timing of parathyroidectomy (PTX) around the world. Methods: We compared response rates to clinical vs. surgical approaches to SHPT in patients on maintenance dialysis (CKD 5D) and in kidney transplant patients (Ktx). A retrospective analysis of the one-year follow-up findings was carried out. CKD 5D patients were divided into 3 groups according to treatment strategy: parathyroidectomy, clinical management without cinacalcet (named standard - STD) and with cinacalcet (STD + CIN). Ktx patients were divided into 3 groups: PTX, CIN (cinacalcet use), and observation (OBS). Results: In CKD 5D we found a significant parathormone (PTH) decrease in all groups. Despite all groups had a higher PTH at baseline, we identified a more pronounced reduction in the PTX group. Regarding severe SHPT, the difference among groups was evidently wider: 31%, 14% and 80% of STD, STD + CIN, and PTX groups reached adequate PTH levels, respectively (p<0.0001). Concerning the Ktx population, although the difference was not so impressive, a higher rate of success in the PTX group was also observed. Conclusion: PTX still seems to be the best treatment choice for SHPT, especially in patients with prolonged diseases in unresourceful scenarios. Introduction (SHPT failure (PTX world Methods vs D Ktx. . (Ktx) oneyear one year followup follow up out strategy named CIN. CIN) use, use , use) OBS. OBS (OBS) Results (PTH baseline wider 31 31% 14 80 levels p<0.0001. p00001 p p<0.0001 0 0001 (p<0.0001) population impressive observed Conclusion scenarios (Ktx (OBS 1 8 p0000 p<0.000 000 (p<0.0001 p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.000 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Resumo Introdução: O manejo do hiperparat-ireoidismo secundário (HPTS) é uma tarefa desafiadora com diversos fatores que contribuem para o fracasso do tratamento. A terapia calcimimética revolucionou o manejo do HPTS, levando a alterações nas indicações e no momento apropriado da paratireoidectomia (PTX) em todo o mundo. Métodos: Comparamos taxas de resposta às abordagens clínica vs. cirúrgica do HPTS em pacientes em diálise de manutenção (DRC 5D) e pacientes transplantados renais (TxR). Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva dos achados de um ano de acompanhamento. Pacientes com DRC 5D foram divididos em 3 grupos de acordo com a estratégia de tratamento: paratireoidectomia, manejo clínico sem cinacalcete (denominado padrão - P) e com cinacalcete (P + CIN). Os pacientes com TxR foram divididos em 3 grupos: PTX, CIN (uso de cinacalcete) e observação (OBS). Resultados: Na DRC 5D, encontramos uma redução significativa do paratormônio (PTH) em todos os grupos. Apesar de todos os grupos apresentarem um PTH mais elevado no início do estudo, identificamos uma redução mais acentuada no grupo PTX. Com relação ao HPTS grave, a diferença entre os grupos foi evidentemente maior: 31%, 14% e 80% dos grupos P, P + CIN e PTX atingiram níveis adequados de PTH, respectivamente (p< 0,0001). Com relação à população TxR, embora a diferença não tenha sido tão impressionante, também foi observada uma taxa maior de sucesso no grupo PTX. Conclusão: A PTX ainda parece ser a melhor escolha de tratamento para o HPTS, especialmente em pacientes com doenças prolongadas em cenários sem recursos. Introdução hiperparatireoidismo hiperparat ireoidismo (HPTS (PTX mundo Métodos vs D TxR. . (TxR) acompanhamento denominado CIN. CIN) uso OBS. OBS (OBS) Resultados (PTH estudo grave 31 31% 14 80 p< p (p 0,0001. 00001 0,0001 0 0001 0,0001) impressionante Conclusão recursos (TxR (OBS 1 8 0000 0,000 000 0,00 00 0,0 0,

SARS-CoV-2, which caused the coronavirus pandemic in 2019 (COVID-19), is a beta-coronavirus, and its infection in host cells can activate innate and adaptive immune responses through the activation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, in this study we established the relationship between the severity and immunopathology of COVID-19 through the main inflammatory cytokines. Results show that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukins (IL), such as IL-6, are stimulated by the activation of T cell subsets, which results in immune-mediated cellular destruction. Several cytokines reduce the immune response and predispose to a pro-inflammatory and auto-reactive state, including IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, and associated inflammatory markers (LDH, GM-CSF and VEGF). These higher cytokine levels end up favoring tissue damage in multiple systems, including lungs, heart, gastrointestinal, brain, kidneys and other organs. Increasingly, a greater impact of the markers IL-6, ferritin, pro-calcitonin, lactic dehydrogenase, D-dimer and hypoalbuminemia was observed in patients with severe infection of the disease. In general, the data analyzed confirmed that COVID-19 severity is not caused simply by the viral infection, but rather by immune response and aberrant inflammation. In this way, this study allows a contribution to clinical practice, and it shows that it is essential to carry out in-depth studies about the immunopathology of COVID-19, in order to determine the severity markers involved in the pathogenesis of the viral infection.

O SARS-CoV-2, causador da doença coronavírus 2019 (COVID-19), é um beta-coronavírus, e sua infecção nas células do hospedeiro pode ativar respostas imunes inata e adaptativa, por meio da secreção de várias citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Assim, estabelecemos neste estudo a correlação da gravidade e imunopatologia da COVID-19 com as principais citocinas inflamatórias. Resultados mostram que o fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α), interferon-gama (IFN-γ) e interleucinas (IL), como a IL-6, são estimulados pela ativação de subconjuntos de células T, o que resulta em destruição celular imunomediada. Sendo que, diversas citocinas deprimem a resposta imune sadia, e predispõem a um estado pró-inflamatório e auto-reativo, dentre elas, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, e os marcadores inflamatórios associados (LDH, GM-CSF e VEGF). Isso acaba por favorecer danos teciduais em múltiplos sistemas, como no pulmonar, cardíaco, gastrointestinal, cerebral, renal, dentre outros. Acrescenta-se que foi observado um impacto maior dos marcadores IL-6, ferritina, pró-calcitonina, desidrogenase láctica, D-dímero e hipoalbuminemia em pacientes com infecção grave da doença. De forma geral, pela análise de dados, verificou-se que a gravidade da doença COVID-19 parece ser modulada não apenas pela infecção viral, mas também por respostas imunes e inflamatórias aberrantes no hospedeiro. Dessa forma, este estudo permite contribuir para o auxílio da prática clínica, sendo imprescindível a realização de estudos aprofundados acerca da imunopatologia da COVID-19, a fim de que se determine os marcadores de gravidade envolvidos na patogênese da infecção viral.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate intake, digestibility and performance in dairy heifers fed diets containing increasing levels of babassu cake (0, 100, 200 and 300 g kg-1 dry matter - DM) as a substitute for sugarcane treated with calcium oxide. Twenty-four heifers with an initial mean weight of 190.8 + 40.8 kg were used, distributed in a completely randomised design. The dry matter intake (DMI), neutral detergent fibre intake (NDFI) and acid detergent fibre intake (ADFI), as %BW and g BW-0.75 , showed an increasing linear response. The organic matter intake (OMI) showed a linear increase of 40 g day-1, 0.017%BW and 0.66 g BW-0.75 for each 10 g kg-1 increase in babassu cake in the diet. The apparent digestibility of the dry matter (ADDM) and organic matter (ADOM) showed a quadratic response (P < 0.05), with a minimum of 493 g kg-1 DM for 150 g kg-1 DM and 526.5 g kg-1 DM for 320 g kg-1 DM as a substitute for the sugarcane, respectively. The final mean weight was not altered, presenting a value of 299.7 + 45.5 kg. Daily weight gain (DWG) showed a quadratic response, with the highest value at a substitution level of 190 g kg-1 DM. The feed conversion rate of the DM was not affected by the addition of babassu cake, with an average of 4.6 + 0.74 kg DM kg-1 in weight gain. Babassu cake can substitute hydrolysed sugarcane in heifer diets up to 300 g kg-1 DM, with the greatest weight gain seen at a substitution level of 190 g kg-1 DM. 0, 0 (0 100 20 30 kg1 1 kg- oxide Twentyfour Twenty four 1908 8 190. 408 40. used design DMI, DMI (DMI) NDFI (NDFI ADFI, ADFI (ADFI) BW BW0.75 BW075 0.75 75 BW-0.7 OMI (OMI 4 day1, day1 day 1, day-1 0017BW 017 066 66 0.6 diet ADDM (ADDM ADOM (ADOM P 0.05, 005 0.05 05 0.05) 49 15 5265 526 5 526. 32 respectively altered 2997 299 7 299. 455 45 45. DWG (DWG 19 46 6 4. 074 74 0.7 ( 2 3 (DMI (ADFI BW0 BW0.7 BW07 075 BW-0. day- 01 06 0. 00 0.0 52 29 07 BW0. BW-0 BW-

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the effect of increasing levels of babassu cake on the ingestive behaviour of dairy heifers in confinement. Twenty-four heifers with an average initial weight of 190.8 ± 40.8 kg were fed diets containing babassu cake (0, 100, 200, 300 mg kg-1 (dry matter basis) as a substitute for sugar cane, in a completely randomised design with four treatments and six replications. Observations were made every five minutes for 24 hours, assessing rumination, feeding, idle time, sleeping and other activities, in addition to the frequency with which the heifers searched for water, urinated and defecated. The time spent on feeding and rumination decreased by 0.1138% and 0.3106%, respectively, for every 10 g kg-1 substitute, while idle time increased by 0.3368% for every 10 g kg-1 substitute. The time spent sleeping and on other activities was not affected. Longer feeding times were seen whenever feed was offered, with more rumination activity at night. There was no effect on the specific activities (urination, defecation or drinking); however, urination and drinking were affected by the period, and was more frequent during the day. There was a linear increase in intake, and in feed and rumination efficiency for dry matter and neutral detergent fibre, with a reduction in total chewing time. Substituting babassu cake for sugar cane affects both the ingestive behaviour of dairy heifers and the rumination process as it does not stimulate chewing. confinement Twentyfour Twenty 1908 190 8 190. 408 40 40. 0, 0 (0 100 200 30 kg1 1 kg- basis replications 2 hours water defecated 01138 1138 0.1138 03106 3106 0.3106% respectively 03368 3368 0.3368 offered night urination, (urination drinking) however period day intake fibre 19 4 ( 20 3 0113 113 0.113 0310 310 0.3106 0336 336 0.336 011 11 0.11 031 31 0.310 033 33 0.33 01 0.1 03 0.31 0.3 0.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the early regeneration stage in previously deforested and cattle-occupied areas of high montane mixed forest in São Joaquim National Park, in the "Planalto Sul Catarinense" region. The study was conducted in two areas in the early successional stage, which had already been inventoried in 2014 and 2018. In each area, 20 plots of 10 x 10 m were established in transects of 20 x 100 m. In 2022, the sites were inventoried again, with all living (? 1 m in height and < 5 cm DBH - diameter at breast height), recruited (? 1 m in height), dead, and outgrowth (? 5 cm DBH) individuals recorded and identified (recruited). The effective richness (Number of Hill) and dynamic rates were determined for the inventory periods (2014-2018-2022). The results show that succession occurs in the areas as species richness increases and dynamic turnover decreases. We conclude that succession occurs with great spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Populations can be grouped according to their dynamic patterns (fast-slow) and ability to become established in the areas (winners-losers). cattleoccupied cattle occupied Park Planalto Catarinense region 201 2018 area 2 2022 again ( height, , height) dead recruited. . (recruited) Number Hill 201420182022. 201420182022 (2014-2018-2022) decreases heterogeneity fastslow fast slow (fast-slow winnerslosers. winnerslosers winners losers (winners-losers) 202 (recruited 20142018202 (2014-2018-2022 (winners-losers 2014201820 (2014-2018-202 201420182 (2014-2018-20 20142018 (2014-2018-2 2014201 (2014-2018- 201420 (2014-2018 20142 (2014-201 (2014-20 (2014-2 (2014- (2014 (201 (20 (2

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estágio inicial de regeneração em áreas anteriormente desmatadas e ocupadas por gado, na Floresta Ombrófila Mista Alto-Montana, no Parque Nacional de São Joaquim, Planalto Catarinense. Realizou-se o estudo em duas áreas em estágio sucessional inicial, que foram previamente inventariadas nos anos de 2014 e 2018. A amostragem em cada área foi por meio de 20 parcelas por área, de 10 x 10 m, distribuídas em transecções de 20 x 100 m. Em 2022, as áreas foram novamente inventariadas, sendo todos os indivíduos com altura ? 1 m e DAP < 5 cm medidos (altura) e, no caso de recrutas, identificados, quantificando-se, também, indivíduos mortos e que se tornaram adultos (? 5 cm). Foram obtidas a riqueza efetiva (Número de Hill) e taxas de dinâmica para os períodos de inventário (2014-2018-2022). Os resultados evidenciaram o avanço da sucessão nas áreas, em virtude do aumento da diversidade de espécies, assim como a redução da rotatividade da dinâmica. Conclui-se que o avanço da trajetória sucessional ocorre de forma a apresentar elevada heterogeneidade espaço-temporal. Quanto às populações existentes, puderam ser agrupadas em função de seus padrões de dinâmica (rápida-lenta) e capacidade de estabelecimento nas áreas (vencedoras-perdedoras). gado AltoMontana, AltoMontana Alto Montana, Montana Alto-Montana Joaquim Catarinense Realizouse Realizou 201 2018 2 2022 (altura recrutas identificados quantificandose, quantificandose quantificando se, quantificando-se também ( cm. . cm) Número Hill 201420182022. 201420182022 (2014-2018-2022) espécies Concluise Conclui espaçotemporal. espaçotemporal espaço temporal. temporal espaço-temporal existentes rápidalenta rápida lenta (rápida-lenta vencedorasperdedoras. vencedorasperdedoras vencedoras perdedoras (vencedoras-perdedoras) 202 20142018202 (2014-2018-2022 (vencedoras-perdedoras 2014201820 (2014-2018-202 201420182 (2014-2018-20 20142018 (2014-2018-2 2014201 (2014-2018- 201420 (2014-2018 20142 (2014-201 (2014-20 (2014-2 (2014- (2014 (201 (20 (2

ABSTRACT Canola has considerable global significance in edible oil and biodiesel production. In Brazil, canola has adapted to the temperate South region, where production is now concentrated. However, research indicates potential for growing the crop in warmer regions. This study evaluated the performance of canola hybrids under growing conditions in the Campo das Vertentes mesoregion, Minas Gerais, during the 2019 and 2021 harvests. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block 6 × 6 factorial design, with four replicates. Six canola hybrids, Hyola 433, Hyola 575 CL, Nuola 300, Hyola 571 CL, Diamond, and ALHT B4, and six sowing dates: 02/15/2019, 02/28/2019, 03/20/2019, 04/09/2019, 02/22/2021, and 03/11/2021 were tested. The plant height, total number of siliques per plant, number of grains per silique, grain yield, and canola oil yield were evaluated. The Nuola 300 and Hyola 575 CL hybrids showed superior grain and oil yields, indicating potential success in growing in the Brazilian Cerrado region. Findings indicated an optimal sowing period in the Campo das Vertentes region until March. These results stress the importance of strategically selecting hybrids and sowing timelines to maximize canola yield in the region under study. Brazil concentrated However regions mesoregion Gerais 201 202 harvests design replicates 433 57 Diamond B4 B dates 02152019 02 15 02/15/2019 02282019 28 02/28/2019 03202019 03 20 03/20/2019 04092019 04 09 04/09/2019 02222021 22 02/22/2021 03112021 11 03/11/202 tested height silique 30 yields March 43 5 0215201 0 1 02/15/201 0228201 2 02/28/201 0320201 03/20/201 0409201 04/09/201 0222202 02/22/202 0311202 03/11/20 3 4 021520 02/15/20 022820 02/28/20 032020 03/20/20 040920 04/09/20 022220 02/22/20 031120 03/11/2 02152 02/15/2 02282 02/28/2 03202 03/20/2 04092 04/09/2 02222 02/22/2 03112 03/11/ 0215 02/15/ 0228 02/28/ 0320 03/20/ 0409 04/09/ 0222 02/22/ 0311 03/11 021 02/15 022 02/28 032 03/20 040 04/09 02/22 031 03/1 02/1 02/2 03/2 04/0 03/ 02/ 04/

Abstract Background The incidence of arterial hypotension during induction of general anesthesia is influenced by the method of propofol administration, but there is a dearth of randomized clinical trials comparing bolus injection and target-controlled infusion in relation to arterial hypotension. This study seeks to compare the incidence of arterial hypotension between these two methods of propofol administration. Methods This prospective, randomized, single-center, non-blinded study included 60 patients (aged 35 to 55 years), classified as ASA physical status I or II, who were undergoing non-cardiac surgeries. They were randomly allocated using a computer to two groups based on the method of propofol administration during the induction of general anesthesia: the Target Group, receiving target-controlled infusion at 4 μg.mL−1, and the Bolus Group, receiving a bolus infusion of 2 mg.kg−1. Both groups also received midazolam 2 mg, fentanyl 3 μg.kg−1, and rocuronium 0.6 mg.kg−1. Over the first 10 minutes of anesthesia induction, Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Heart Rate (HR), level of Consciousness (qCON), and Suppression Rate (SR) were recorded every 2 minutes. Results Twenty-seven patients remained in the TCI group, while 28 were in the Bolus group. Repeated measure analysis using mixed-effects models could not reject the null hypothesis for the effect of group-time interactions in MAP (p = 0.85), HR (p = 0.49), SR (p = 0.44), or qCON (p = 0.72). The difference in means for qCON (60.2 for TCI, 50.5 for bolus, p < 0.001), MAP (90.3 for TCI, 86.2 for bolus, p < 0.006), HR (76.2 for TCI, 76.9 for bolus, p = 0.93), and SR (0.01 for TCI, 5.5 for bolus, p < 0.001), irrespective of time (whole period means), revealed some significant differences. Conclusion Patients who received propofol bolus injection exhibited a lower mean arterial pressure, a greater variation in the level of consciousness, and a higher suppression rate compared to those who received it as a target-controlled infusion. However, the interaction effect between groups and time remains inconclusive. targetcontrolled target controlled prospective singlecenter, singlecenter single center, center single-center nonblinded non blinded 6 aged 5 years, years , years) II noncardiac cardiac surgeries Group μgmL1 μgmL μg mL 1 μg.mL−1 mgkg1 mgkg mg kg mg.kg−1 μgkg1 μgkg μg.kg−1 06 0 0. MAP, (MAP) HR, (HR) qCON, (qCON) (SR Twentyseven Twenty seven group mixedeffects mixed effects grouptime 0.85, 085 0.85 85 0.85) 0.49, 049 0.49 49 0.49) 0.44, 044 0.44 44 0.44) 0.72. 072 0.72 . 72 0.72) 60.2 602 (60. 505 50 50. 0.001, 0001 0.001 001 0.001) 90.3 903 90 (90. 862 86 86. 0.006, 0006 0.006 006 0.006) 76.2 762 76 (76. 769 9 76. 0.93, 093 0.93 93 0.93) 0.01 01 (0.0 5. whole means, means) differences pressure consciousness However inconclusive μg.mL− mg.kg− μg.kg− (MAP (HR (qCON 08 0.8 8 04 0.4 07 0.7 7 60. (60 000 0.00 00 90. (90 (76 09 0.9 0.0 (0. μg.mL mg.kg μg.kg (6 (9 (7 (0 (

Abstract Objective Management of suspect adnexal masses involves surgery to define the best treatment. Diagnostic choices include a two-stage procedure for histopathology examination (HPE) or intraoperative histological analysis – intraoperative frozen section (IFS) and formalin-fixed and paraffin-soaked tissues (FFPE). Preoperative assessment with ultrasound may also be useful to predict malignancy. We aimed at determining the accuracy of IFS to evaluate adnexal masses stratified by size and morphology having HPE as the diagnostic gold standard. Methods A retrospective chart review of 302 patients undergoing IFS of adnexal masses at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, between January2005 and September2011 was performed. Data were collected regarding sonographic size (≤10cm or >10cm), characteristics of the lesion, and diagnosis established in IFS and HPE. Eight groups were studied: unilocular lesions; septated/cystic lesions; heterogeneous (solid/cystic) lesions; and solid lesions, divided in two main groups according to the size of lesion, ≤10cm or >10cm. Kappa agreement between IFS and HPE was calculated for each group. Results Overall agreement between IFS and HPE was 96.1% for benign tumors, 96.1% for malignant tumors, and 73.3% for borderline tumors. Considering the combination of tumor size and morphology, 100% agreement between IFS and HPE was recorded for unilocular and septated tumors ≤10cm and for solid tumors. Conclusion Stratification of adnexal masses according to size and morphology is a good method for preoperative assessment. We should wait for final HPE for staging decision, regardless of IFS results, in heterogeneous adnexal tumors of any size, solid tumors ≤10cm, and all non-solid tumors >10cm. treatment twostage stage (HPE (IFS formalinfixed formalin fixed paraffinsoaked paraffin soaked FFPE. FFPE . (FFPE) malignancy standard 30 Alegre January January200 September September201 performed 10cm cm >10cm, >10cm , >10cm) lesion studied lesions septatedcystic cystic solid/cystic solidcystic (solid/cystic group 961 96 1 96.1 733 73 3 73.3 100 decision results nonsolid non (FFPE January20 September20 9 96. 7 73. 10 January2 September2

It is particularly important to investigate the mechanical performance of carbon fiber (CF) reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) composites used for automotive and aerospace applications, where diffused moisture of the environment may potentially weaken the material over time. In this work, CF/PA6 composites were subjected to two different types of conditioning: distilled water at a temperature of 80 ºC and saline solution for 12 weeks. The volumetric fraction of CF, PA6 matrix, and the voids of the CF/PA6 composites were determined by acid digestion analysis. At the end of the environmental conditionings, the moisture absorption content and the diffusion coefficient (D) were determined. The mechanical performance of CF/PA6 composites unconditioned and conditioned was evaluated through tensile and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests, and morphological characteristics of the fracture surface after the mechanical tensile test. CF/PA6 composites conditioned in saline solution showed a decrease of 53% (tensile sample) and 72% (ILSS sample) in the diffusion coefficient (D) and insignificant losses of mechanical properties when compared to CF/PA6 composites conditioned in distilled water at 80 ºC. This behavior is attributed to the salt molecules blocking the pores and consequently reducing the migration of water into the samples, maintaining the internal integrity of the specimens. CF (CF PA (PA6 applications time work CFPA6 CFPA CF/PA conditioning 8 1 weeks matrix analysis conditionings D (D ILSS tests test 53 sample 72 samples specimens (PA 5 7

Abstract Objective To review key evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral facial palsy in children and adults. Methods Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on peripheral facial palsy were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians’ guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association’s guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions. Results The topics were divided into 2 main parts: (1) Evaluation and diagnosis of facial palsy: electrophysiologic tests, idiopathic facial palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, traumatic peripheral facial palsy, recurrent peripheral facial palsy, facial nerve tumors, and peripheral facial palsy in children; and (2) Rehabilitation procedures: surgical decompression of the facial nerve, facial nerve grafting, surgical treatment of long-term peripheral facial palsy, and non-surgical rehabilitation of the facial nerve. Conclusions Peripheral facial palsy is a condition of diverse etiology. Treatment should be individualized according to the cause of facial nerve dysfunction, but the literature presents better evidence-based recommendations for systemic corticosteroid therapy. evidencebased based adults methods search citations studies inclusion Physicians Associations Association s interventions parts 1 (1 tests syndrome tumors (2 procedures grafting longterm long term nonsurgical non etiology dysfunction therapy (

ABSTRACT: Aerobic respiration declines in the root tissue of soybean plants exposed to waterlogged soil with a low oxygen content, causing metabolic disorders that negatively affect gas exchange and photosynthetic activity, hampering growth and production. As such, this study to investigated daytime gas exchange, relative chlorophyll content, specific leaf area (SLA) and photosynthetic activity curves in response to photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) in soybean plants grown under different conditions: no stress (control), shading, waterlogged soil, and waterlogged soil + shading. Soybean plants exposed to either waterlogging or shading and both conditions simultaneously exhibited reduced photosynthesis linked to lower stomatal opening. Plants submitted to shading showed an increase in SLA, quantum yield and photosynthetic rates, while those grown in waterlogged soil, in full sun, exhibited chlorotic leaves and low apparent quantum yield, resulting in low photosynthetic rates under shading and high light levels. Thus, waterlogging and shading in isolation or combined, compromise daytime gas exchange and alter photosynthetic activity in plants. ABSTRACT content production such SLA (SLA PPFD (PPFD control, control , (control) opening sun levels Thus combined (control

RESUMO: Os tecidos radiculares de plantas de soja em solo encharcado, com baixo teor de oxigênio, apresentam reduzida atividade da respiração aeróbica, causando desordens metabólicas que afetam negativamente as trocas gasosas e atividade fotossintética, prejudicando o crescimento e produção. Assim, o estudo teve como objetivo investigar as trocas gasosas ao longo do dia, teor relativo de clorofila, área foliar específica e curvas de atividade fotossintética em resposta à densidade de fluxo de fótons fotossinteticamente ativos de plantas de soja desenvolvendo em condições ambientais distintas: sem estresse, com restrição luminosa, em solo encharcado, e em solo encharcado + restrição luminosa. As plantas de soja expostas ao encharcamento do solo e a restrição luminosa de forma isolada ou em conjunto apresentaram redução da fotossíntese associada à menor abertura estomática. Plantas submetidas a restrição luminosa apresentaram folhas com incremento na área foliar específica, maior eficiência quântica aparente e incremento nas taxas fotossintéticas em ambiente com baixa luminosidade. Plantas em solo encharcado, a pleno sol, apresentaram folhas cloróticas e baixa eficiência quântica aparente e consequentemente apresentaram baixas taxas fotossintéticas sob luminosidade baixa e luminosidade elevada. Desta forma, o encharcamento do solo e restrição luminosa de forma isolada ou conjunta prejudicam as trocas gasosas ao longo do dia e causam alterações na atividade fotossintética das plantas. RESUMO oxigênio aeróbica produção Assim clorofila distintas estresse estomática sol elevada

ABSTRACT There is evidence that the dry mass and nutrient accumulation rates of earlier (determinate) cultivars are faster than those of normal or late cycle (indeterminate). This study aimed to quantify the nutrient extraction and export and calculate the harvest index of determinate and indeterminate common bean cultivars. A randomized block design was used, with four replicates and eight cultivars (BRS FC104, TAA Gol, BRS Estilo, BRSMG Uai, IPR Tuiuiú, BRSMG Marte, Pérola and TAA Dama). The accumulation of dry matter and nutrients at the vegetative and reproductive stages, grain yield and grain nutrient export were determined. The early cultivars TAA Gol and BRS FC104 (Type I - determinate) accumulated more dry matter and nutrients during the vegetative stage than the indeterminate types II and III. However, from R7, no differences were observed among the cultivars for extractions or nutrient exports and harvest index. The cultivars exported 33, 11, 17, 2.3, 2.2 and 1.5 kg t-1 of grain for N, P2O5, K2O, S, Mg and Ca, respectively. Micronutrient exports were 14, 3.7, 70, 13 and 34 g Mg-1 of grain for B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, respectively. The TAA Gol and BRS FC104 determinate cultivars reached the R9 stage at 77 days and the indeterminate cultivars at 85 (BRSMG Marte), 90 (IPR Tuiuiú and BRSMG Uai) and 93 days (TAA Dama and Pérola). BRS Estilo, BRS FC104 and TAA Gol had the lowest grain yield (< 2,200 kg ha-1) and TAA Dama the highest grain yield (3,275 kg ha-1). (determinate indeterminate. . (indeterminate) used FC Estilo Uai Marte Dama. Dama) stages determined FC10 Type III However R7 R 33 11 17 23 2 3 2.3 22 2. 15 1 5 1. t1 t t- N P2O5 PO P O K2O KO K S Ca respectively 14 37 7 3.7 70 Mg1 Mg- B Cu Fe Zn 8 , Marte) 9 Pérola. Pérola) < ( 2200 200 2,20 ha1 ha ha-1 3,275 3275 275 (3,27 ha1. (indeterminate FC1 P2O 3. 220 20 2,2 ha- 3,27 327 27 (3,2 2, 3,2 32 (3, 3, (3

RESUMO Há evidências de que as taxas de acúmulo de massa seca e nutrientes das cultivares mais precoces (determinadas) são mais rápidas do que aquelas de ciclo normal ou tardio (indeterminado). Objetivou-se quantificar a extração e exportação de nutrientes e o índice de colheita de cultivares de feijão-comum determinadas e indeterminadas. Utilizou-se delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições e oito cultivares (BRS FC104, TAA Gol, BRS Estilo, BRSMG Uai, IPR Tuiuiú, BRSMG Marte, Pérola e TAA Dama). Foram determinados o acúmulo de massa seca e de nutrientes nos estádios vegetativo e reprodutivo, produtividade e exportação de nutrientes. No início do estádio vegetativo, as cultivares precoces TAA Gol e BRS FC104 (tipo I - determinadas) apresentaram maior acúmulo de massa seca e nutrientes do que as indeterminadas tipos II e III. No entanto, a partir de R7, não houve diferenças entre as cultivares nas extrações, bem como nas exportações de nutrientes e no índice de colheita. Foram exportados 33; 11; 17; 2,3; 2,2; e 1,5 kg t-1 de grão de N, P2O5, K2O, S, Mg e Ca, respectivamente. No caso dos micronutrients, foram 14; 3,7; 70; 13; e 34 g Mg-1 de grão de B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. As cultivares determinadas TAA Gol e BRS FC104 atingiram o estádio R9 aos 77 dias e as indeterminadas aos 85 (BRSMG Marte), 90 (IPR Tuiuiú e BRSMG Uai) e 93 dias (TAA Dama e Pérola). BRS Estilo, BRS FC104 e TAA Gol apresentaram as menores produtividades (< 2.200 kg ha-1) e TAA Dama a maior produtividade (3.275 kg ha-1). (determinadas indeterminado. indeterminado . (indeterminado) Objetivouse Objetivou se feijãocomum feijão comum Utilizouse Utilizou casualizados FC Estilo Uai Marte Dama. Dama) reprodutivo FC10 tipo III entanto R7 R extrações 33 11 17 2,3 23 2 3 2,2 22 15 1 5 1, t1 t t- N P2O5 PO P O K2O KO K S Ca respectivamente micronutrients 14 3,7 37 7 70 13 Mg1 Mg- B Cu Fe Zn 8 , Marte) 9 Pérola. Pérola) < ( 2200 200 2.20 ha1 ha ha-1 3.275 3275 275 (3.27 ha1. (indeterminado FC1 2, P2O 3, 220 20 2.2 ha- 3.27 327 27 (3.2 2. 3.2 32 (3. 3. (3

Resumo: Objetivo Este estudo tem como objetivo verificar a contribuição dos ovos de resistência de cladóceros para as comunidades ativas de lagoas temporárias e testar experimentalmente as condições específicas para a eclosão destes ovos de resistência. Métodos Amostras de cladóceros foram obtidas em quatro lagoas temporárias na planície de inundação do rio Turvo (20° 22’S e 49° 16’W), na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Amostras de 5 cm de sedimento foram coletadas durante a estação seca, usando um corer de 4,5 cm de diâmetro. Amostras de plâncton foram coletadas antes e depois da estação seca. Para o teste de incubação, foram realizados dois tratamentos a saber, 1. Condições naturais - sem controle de luz e temperatura; 2. Condições controladas - com fotoperíodo e temperatura controlados. A condição da água e a eclosão dos ovos de resistência foram monitoradas por duas semanas. A influência dos parâmetros na eclosão em ambos os tratamentos foi avaliada por meio da Análise de Partição Hierárquica. Resultados A eclosão dos ovos de resistência foi maior no tratamento Condições controladas do que Condições naturais. Trinta por cento das espécies observadas na comunidade ativa após o alagamento eclodiram no teste de laboratório. Condutividade, pH e oxigênio dissolvido foram positivamente correlacionados com a eclosão de algumas espécies como Ephemeroporus hybridus, Leydigiops ornata, Notoalona sculpta e Ilyocryptus spinifer. As primeiras espécies a eclodirem foram aquelas associadas a macrófitas e em ambients com baixas profundidades. Conclusões Nossos resultados mostram que condições constantes de temperatura e fotoperíodo estimulam maior taxa de eclosão dos ovos de resistência de Cladocera. Variáveis como pH, condutividade e oxigênio dissolvido também foram correlacionados com a eclosão de algumas espécies estudadas. Observamos que as primeiras contribuições para a comunidade ativa após a seca vieram da eclosão de espécies geralmente associadas a macrófitas e condições de baixa profundidade. Resumo 20° 20 (20 22S S 22 49 16W, 16W W 16 , 16’W) Paulo Brasil 45 4 4, diâmetro incubação saber 1 2 controlados semanas Hierárquica laboratório Condutividade hybridus ornata spinifer profundidades Cladocera estudadas profundidade (2 16’W (

Abstract: Aim We aimed to verify the contribution of cladocerans’ resting eggs to the active communities of temporary lagoons and, through an experiment, identify which conditions induce high hatching rates. Methods Cladocera assemblages were sampled in four temporary lagoons in the Turvo River floodplain (20° 22’S and 49° 16’W), in the northwest region of São Paulo State, Brazil. Sediment samples were taken during the dry season from a depth of 5 cm, using a 4.5 cm diameter corer. Plankton samples were taken from the water column before and after the dry season. For the hatching test, two treatments were performed 1. Natural condition – without light and temperature control; 2. Controlled condition – with controlled photoperiod and temperature. Temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and hatching of resting eggs were monitored for two weeks. The influence of the parameters on hatching in both treatments was evaluated using Hierarchical Partition Analysis. Results Hatching of resting eggs was higher in the Controlled condition than in the Natural one. Thirty percent of species observed in the active community after flooding hatched in the laboratory test. Conductivity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were positively correlated to the hatching of some species, e.g., Ephemeroporus hybridus, Leydigiops ornata, Notoalona sculpta and Ilyocryptus spinifer. The first species to hatch were those living associated with macrophytes and at low depths. Conclusions Our results show that stable temperature and photoperiod with similar light and dark hours stimulate greater hatching of Cladocera resting eggs. Variables such as pH, conductivity and dissolved oxygen were also correlated with the hatching of some species. We observed that the first contributions to activating the community after drought came from hatching of species usually associated with macrophytes and low depth conditions. Abstract cladocerans experiment rates 20° 20 (20 22S S 22 49 16W, 16W W 16 , 16’W) State Brazil 45 4 4. corer test 1 control 2 Temperature pH weeks Analysis one Conductivity eg e g e.g. hybridus ornata spinifer depths (2 16’W e.g (

Abstract The Cachoeirinha Sn ± (Nb-Ta) deposit is an important producer of the Rondônia Tin Province. It is inserted in the regional unit named Rondônia Intrusive Suite (995–956 Ma) and hosts granular accumulations of columbite group minerals (CGM) embedded in thick Cenozoic colluvial-alluvial covers. Cachoeirinha CGM have subrounded to angular grains, with irregular to regular internal zoning, micro-inclusion, and exsolution features. They have columbite-(Fe) as the dominant mineral phase, with variation in the Ta/(Ta+Nb) ratio and with Sn, Ti, W, U, Ba, Cr, REE, and V as chemical impurities. It has high total REE content (LREEN depleted, HREEN enriched, Ce and Eu anomalies), δ18O = 2.78‰, and with two U-Pb age groups: 1052 ± 6 and 909 ± 7 Ma. This information indicates that physicochemical oscillations favored the ionic substitutions and resorption mechanisms between Nb ↔ Ta, as well as coupled substitutions with the entry of geochemical impurities, according to the equation: 3(Sn, Ti, U, Si)4+ + (W, Cr)6+ ↔ 2(V, Nb, Ta)5+ + 2(Al, REE)3+ + (Fe, Mn, Ba)2+, at the temperature range between 400° and 500°C. Finally, the Cachoeirinha Sn ± (Nb-Ta) alluvial deposit host ore is related to at least two Neo-Mesoproterozoic magmatic pulses. NbTa Ta (Nb-Ta Province 995–956 995956 995 956 (995–95 Ma (CGM colluvialalluvial colluvial covers grains zoning microinclusion, microinclusion micro inclusion, inclusion micro-inclusion features columbiteFe Fe columbite-(Fe phase Ta/Ta+Nb TaTaNb Ta/ Ta+Nb Ta/(Ta+Nb Ti W U Ba Cr impurities LREEN depleted enriched anomalies, anomalies , anomalies) δO δ O 278 2 78 2.78‰ UPb Pb groups 105 90 equation 3Sn, 3Sn 3 3(Sn Si4+ Si4 Si 4+ 4 Si)4 (W Cr6+ Cr6 6+ Cr)6 2V, 2V V, 2(V Ta5+ Ta5 5+ 5 Ta)5 2Al, 2Al Al Al, 2(Al REE3+ REE3 3+ REE)3 Fe, (Fe Mn Ba2+, Ba2 2+, Ba)2+ 400 500C C 500 500°C Finally NeoMesoproterozoic Neo Mesoproterozoic pulses 995–95 99595 99 95 (995–9 TaNb 27 2.78 10 9 Si) Cr) Ta) REE) Ba2+ 2+ Ba)2 40 50 995–9 9959 (995– 2.7 1 Ba) 995– (995 2. (99 (9 (

Abstract The West-East Integration Railway (Ferrovia de Integração Oeste-Leste -FIOL) is an infrastructure project designed to integrate and promote the socio-economic development of the Northeast region of Brazil. In countries with heavy-haul railway operations, there has been increased demand for ballast materials that can withstand cyclic loading of up to 40 tons per axle. In this context, in order to achieve greatest operational efficiency, it is essential to evaluate the characteristics of the limestone aggregate to be used in the ballast layer, as well as the level of cyclic stress that the ballast can withstand. The laboratory investigation consisted of characterization tests, single particle crushing tests, monotonic triaxial tests, and evaluation of the morphological properties of the particles using the Aggregate Image Measurement System. This paper introduces the equipment, describes the experimental procedures, outlines the specimen preparation, and presents the experimental results. The purpose of the study is to estimate the long-term behavior of ballast based on monotonic triaxial tests, the shakedown phenomenon, and the cyclic stress ratio. The results suggest that the cyclic stresses commonly observed in heavy-haul railways may exceed the cyclic stress ratio compatible with the shakedown regime, resulting in a progressive plastic creep regime. Furthermore, the quantity of non-cubic particles exceeds the limits set forth in international ballast standards necessitating a rigorous assessment of the particle shape prior to use in the field. WestEast West East Ferrovia OesteLeste Oeste Leste FIOL -FIOL socioeconomic socio economic Brazil heavyhaul heavy haul operations 4 axle context efficiency layer tests System equipment procedures preparation longterm long term phenomenon regime Furthermore noncubic non cubic field