Abstract Objectives To investigate prognostic factors in patients with head and neck Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC), especially the impact of treatment modalities on survival. Methods Patients with primary head and neck MEC between 2000 and 2015 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Prognostic factors related to Overall Survival (OS) and Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS), as well as the impact of treatments, were evaluated by multivariable Cox regression analysis. Results We identified 2692 patients diagnosed with head and neck MEC, of whom 1397 (51.89%) had a parotid gland primary, 569 (22.14%) died, and 341 (12.67%) died of MEC. Older age (≥53 years), males, unmarried, lower income, tumor site in other head and neck areas, higher tumor grade, larger tumor size, and higher stage were related to poorer OS and CSS. Patients who did not undergo surgery (HR = 3.20, 95% CI 2.45‒4.18) had worse OS, while no significant difference was detected between partial and total organ excision on patients’ OS (p = 0.729). For combination therapy, patients who received radiotherapy only (HR = 3.21, 95% CI 2.27-4.53) or no surgery and no radiotherapy (HR = 2.59, 95% CI 1.83-3.67) were correlated with worse OS (vs. surgery only), but no significant difference was detected between surgery only and surgery combined with radiotherapy on patients’ OS (p = 0.218). For CSS, the corresponding results were consistent with OS. Conclusion Surgical resection only may be a better survival option for head and neck MEC. , (MEC) 200 201 Surveillance Epidemiology SEER (SEER database (OS CancerSpecific Cancer Specific CSS (CSS) treatments analysis 269 139 51.89% 5189 51 89 (51.89% 56 22.14% 2214 22 14 (22.14% 34 12.67% 1267 12 67 (12.67% ≥53 53 (≥5 years, years years) males unmarried income areas grade size HR 320 3 20 3.20 95 2.45‒4.18 245418 2 45 4 18 p 0.729. 0729 0.729 . 0 729 0.729) therapy 321 21 3.21 2.274.53 227453 2.27 4.53 27 2.27-4.53 259 59 2.59 1.833.67 183367 1.83 3.67 1 83 1.83-3.67 vs. vs (vs only, only) 0.218. 0218 0.218 218 0.218) (MEC (CSS 26 13 51.89 518 5 8 (51.89 22.14 221 (22.14 12.67 126 6 (12.67 ≥5 (≥ 32 3.2 9 2.45‒4.1 24541 072 0.72 72 274 2.274.5 22745 227 2.2 453 4.5 2.27-4.5 25 2.5 833 1.833.6 18336 183 1.8 367 3.6 1.83-3.6 021 0.21 51.8 (51.8 22.1 (22.1 12.6 (12.6 ≥ ( 3. 2.45‒4. 2454 07 0.7 7 2.274. 2274 2. 4. 2.27-4. 1.833. 1833 1. 36 1.83-3. 02 0.2 51. (51. 22. (22. 12. (12. 2.45‒4 245 0. 2.274 2.27-4 1.833 1.83-3 (51 (22 (12 2.45‒ 24 2.27- 1.83- (5 (2 (1 2.45 2.4

Abstract Tea polyphenols are one of the most important ingredients in Qingzhuan tea. Usually, a chemical method is used to determine tea polyphenols content, but it was time-consuming and laborious. This paper attempted to use near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology combined with three partial least squares methods to predict tea polyphenols content quickly and nondestructively. The partial least squares (PLS), synergy interval PLS (siPLS) and genetic algorithm based PLS (gaPLS) were used to establish prediction models, the performance of the final model was showed by root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) and determination coefficient (Rp2) in prediction set. The best spectral preprocessing method was multivariate scattering correction (MSC); the RMSEP and Rp2 of PLS model were 0.145% and 0.8974, respectively; the siPLS model was established with four spectral regions (4377.6 cm-1-4751.7 cm-1, 4755.6 cm-1-5129.7 cm-1, 6262.7 cm-1-6633.9 cm-1 and 7386 cm-1-7756.3 cm-1), whose RMSEP and Rp2 were 0.0652% and 0.9235, respectively; the gaPLS model was established with 36 spectra dada points and showed the best performance (RMSEP=0.0624%, Rp2=0.9769) compared with the PLS and si-PLS models. Therefore, the application of near infrared technology combined with the gaPLS method could predict tea polyphenols content in Qingzhuan tea more accurately and rapidly.

RESUMEN El flujo de detritos que cae en los tributarios de los ríos puede bloquear los ramales principales y eventualmente convertirse en un riesgo. El rompimiento de uno de estos represamientos de agua puede causar inundaciones en las zonas de la corriente, además de víctimas y daños a propiedades. Este estudio propone un método para evaluar la formación de represamientos de agua por flujo de detritos bajo dos condiciones: (1) los sedimentos transportados por el flujo de detritos deben alcanzar el lecho del río; (2) el grosor de los depósitos por el flujo de detritos debe ser mayor que la profundidad de agua in situ. Esta metodología se utilizó para estudiar el caso de represamiento por el flujo de detritos en el río Er de Taiwán, el cual bloqueó el río Chishan y que condujo a la formación de la presa Namasha. Esta metodología también puede aplicarse para identificar la formación de represamientos por flujo de detritos.

ABSTRACT Debris flows in tributaries rush into and block the main branches of rivers and often result in serious hazards. Dam failures cause large floods in the downstream area and can lead to fatalities and property damage. This study proposes an assessment method to evaluate the formation of a debris flow dam, which includes two conditions: (1) the sediment transported by the debris flow must reach across the river; and (2) the thickness of the deposit by the debris flow must be higher than the in situ water depth. This methodology was used to study the case of a debris flow dam caused by debris flow across the Er River in Taiwan, which blocked the Chishan River and led to the formation of the Namasha debris flow dam. This methodology can also be applied to identify the formation of debris flow dams.

The genetic diversity of four protected indigenous chicken breeds was evaluated with 25 microsatellite markers. Polymorphism information content (PIC), heterozygosity with the estimator of genetic differentiation F ST and Nei's genetic distance were evaluated. The results showed that these four protected local chicken populations showed high levels of diversity. The proportion of inter-population subdivision among the four protected local chicken populations was 16.0%. The average heterozygosity was 0.514, 0.581, 0.567 and 0.589 in Dongan, Xuefeng black-bone, Xianghuang and Taoyuan chickens, respectively, while the average PIC estimates were 0.455, 0.581, 0.557 and 0.576. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using genetic distance and the neighbour-joining method. Its topology reflects the general pattern of genetic differentiation among the four chicken breeds. The results also showed high genetic diversity and genetic variation among all the breeds. The information about the four local breeds estimated by microsatellite analysis may be useful as an initial guide for the effective conservation of chicken genetic diversity and developing conservation strategies.

Screening of peanut seeds resulting from 0.39% sodium azide treatment with NIRS calibration equation for bulk seed samples identified a plant with more than 60% oleate. Oleate content in individual seeds of the plant, as predicted by NIRS calibration equation for intact single peanut seeds, ranged from 50.05% ~ 68.69%. Three seeds with >60% oleate thus identified were further confirmed by gas chromatography. Multiple sequence alignments of the FAD2B gene from Huayu 22 (wild type) and peanut seeds with elevated oleate (mutant type) revealed a C281T transition in the coding region causing an I94T substitution in the oleoyl-PC desaturase, which may be responsible for reduction in the enzyme activity.