RESUMO A Mata Atlântica do Nordeste brasileiro abriga diversas fisionomias, tendo cerca de 46% dos seus remanescentes localizados no Estado da Bahia. Entretanto, inventários florísticos realizados no Domínio Atlântico no Estado estão geralmente concentrados em áreas no litoral sul e de restinga no litoral norte. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho realizou o levantamento florístico de um remanescente de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, na Fazenda Regional de Criação/UFBA, município de Entre Rios, litoral norte do Estado. Foram registradas 192 espécies, distribuídas em 139 gêneros e 59 famílias. A presença de duas espécies novas, uma espécie rara, quatro espécies com distribuição restrita para essa região e duas citadas como vulneráveis demonstram a importância dos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica do litoral norte da Bahia, visto que eles possuem riqueza e características fisionômicas não encontradas em outras áreas do Domínio Atlântico.

ABSTRACT The Atlantic Forest in the Northeastern Brazil is composed by several physiognomies, with about 46% of its remnants located in the State of Bahia. However, floristic inventories conducted in the Atlantic Forest in the State are mostly focused in areas on the southern coast and vegetation dunes on the northern coast. Thus, this study aimed at a floristic survey of a semideciduous forest remnant located at the Fazenda Regional de Criação/UFBA, Entre Rios municipality, on the northern coast of the State. We recorded 192 species belonging to 139 genera and 59 were families. The presence of two new species, one rare species, four species restricted to this region, and two cited as vulnerable reinforce the importance of inventories in the Atlantic Forest remnants in the northern coast of Bahia, since they present high species richness and have physiognomic features not found in other areas of the Atlantic domain.

The chemical investigation of the stem EtOH extract of S. buddleifolium resulted in the isolation of terpenoids, amides, lignans and a steroidal alkaloid. Based on HRMS, IR and ¹H and 13C NMR data analysis, the structures of the isolated compounds were identified as: 13-hydroxysolavetivone, betulinic acid, N-trans-caffeoyltyramine, N-trans-feruloyldopamine, N-trans-p-cumaroyltyramine, N-trans-feruloyltyramine, N-trans-feruloyl3'-O-methoxydopamine, alangilignoside C, isolariciresinol, polistachiol, (+)-(8R,7'S,8'S)-3α-O-(β-D-glucopiranosyl)-lioniresinol, (-)-(8S,7'R,8'R)-3α-O-(β-D-glucopiranosyl)-lioniresinol and solamargine. The occurrence of terpenoids and amides is common in Solanum, unlike lignans which are rare. The isolated lignans described in this work are reported for the first time in the genus Solanum.

In 1959, Gottlieb and Antonaccio published a study reporting the occurrence of lignan sesamin and triterpene lupeol in Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba. In this work we describe the phytochemical study of the root bark of the Z. tingoassuiba which allowed the identification of the lupeol, sesamin, and alkaloids dihydrochelerythrine, chelerythrine, anorttianamide, cis-N-methyl-canadine, predicentine, 2, 3-methylenedioxy-10,11-dimethoxy-tetrahydro protoberberine. The investigation of hexane and methanol extracts of the root bark of Z. rhoifolium and Z. stelligerum also investigated showed the presence of alkaloids dihydrochelerythrine, anorttianamide, cis-N-methyl-canadine, 7,9-dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxybenzophenanthridine and angoline. The occurrence of 2,3-methylenedioxy-10,11-dimethoxy-tetrahydro protoberberine is first described in Z. tingoassuiba and Z. stelligerum. This is also the first report of the presence of hesperidin and neohesperidin in roots of Z. stelligerum.

This work report the seasonal variation of composition of the volatile oils from leaves and from flowers of Myrcia salzmannii harvested in the sand dunes of Salvador, Bahia, northeastern region of Brazil in the years 2001 and 2003. The oils were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS being identified 49 components. Nine essential oil samples of leaves collected on different months and years and one sample of flowers were analyzed. β-Caryophyllene and α-humulene were the only compounds present in all of the samples being the first the majority compound.

Phytochemical investigation of this species, popularly known as tinguaciba and used in traditional medicine to various diseases, resulted in the isolation of 15 substances: 2 alkaloids - norchelerythrine and arnottianamide; 1 lignan - sesamin; 4 terpenoids - citronellyl acetate, lupeol, α-bisabolol and spatulenol; 5 coumarins described for the first time - xanthotoxin, isopimpinelin, O-prenylumbelliferone, imperatorin and aurapten, 1 protoalkaloid - methyl N-methylanthranilate and 2 steroids - stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and compared with literature data.

A study about the horizontal stratification of the sand fly fauna in two distinct ecosystems, caatinga area, endemic for visceral leishmaniasis, and the tropical rain forest area, endemic for cutaneous leishmaniasis, was performed in the state of Bahia, Brazil. Lutzomyia longipalpis was predominant in the caatinga, and following it came the species L. capixaba and L. oswaldoi. In the tropical rain forest other species were found, such as L. intermedia, L. migonei, L. whitmani, L. yuilli, L.fischeri, L. damascenoi, L. evandroi, L. monticola, and L. lenti. It was found that the geographical limits of the vector species of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis are clearly defined by the biological and phytogeographic characteristics.

The hexanic and methanolic extracts of roots and stem of Zanthoxylum stelligerum (Rutaceae), after chromatographic and phytochemical procedures, yelded the triterpene lupeol, the furanocumarin imperatorin and the benzophenathridine alkaloids dihidrocheleritrine and its probable product of oxidation. The structural determinations of these compounds were performed on basis of spectroscopic analysis as well as comparison with authentic samples.

O arbusto Spiranthera odoratissima (Rutaceae) foi coletado no município de Mucugê (BA). Seu caule subterrâneo foi submetido a extração com solvente orgânico e fluido supercrítico. A extração com CO2 supercrítico forneceu a 8-prenil-7-geraniloxicumarina. A partir do extrato CH2Cl2 isolou-se a cumarina aurapteno e identificou-se o alcalóide esquimianina. Estas substâncias foram identificadas com base na análise dos seus espectros de RMN 1H e 13C, IV e comparação com dados da literatura.

The shrub S. odoratissima was collected at Mucugê (Chapada Diamantina - Bahia, Brazil). Its rhizome was extracted by maceration with CH2Cl2 and supercritical CO2. The supercritical extraction supplied a coumarin, 8-prenyl-7geranyloxycoumarin. Another coumarin, the auraptene, and an alkaloid, skimmianine, were obtained from the CH2Cl2 extract. The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic studies, and by comparison with literature data.

Este trabalho apresenta o número de cromossomos de 17 espécies de Bromeliaceae, pertencentes aos gêneros Encholirium, Bromelia, Orthophytum, Hohenbergia, Billbergia, Neoglaziovia, Aechmea, Cryptanthus e Ananas. A maioria tem cariótipo 2n = 50, mas Bromelia laciniosa, Orthophytum burle-marxii e O. maracasense são poliplóides com 2n = 150, 100 e 150, respectivamente, enquanto Cryptanthus bahianus tem 2n = 34 + 1-4B. Cromossomos B foram observados também em Bromelia plumieri e Hohenbergia aff. utriculosa. O número de cromossomos de todas as espécies foi determinado pela primeira vez, exceto para Billbergia chlorosticta e Cryptanthus bahianus. Os dados obtidos reforçam a hipótese de um número básico x = 25 para a família Bromeliaceae e aneuploidia decrescente no gênero Cryptanthus.

The present study reports chromosome numbers of 17 species of Bromeliaceae, belonging to the genera Encholirium, Bromelia, Orthophytum, Hohenbergia, Billbergia, Neoglaziovia, Aechmea, Cryptanthus and Ananas. Most species present 2n = 50, however, Bromelia laciniosa, Orthophytum burle-marxii and O. maracasense are polyploids with 2n = 150, 2n = 100 and 2n = 150, respectively, while for Cryptanthus bahianus, 2n = 34 + 1-4B. B chromosomes were observed in Bromelia plumieri and Hohenbergia aff. utriculosa. The chromosome number of all species was determined for the first time, except for Billbergia chlorosticta and Cryptanthus bahianus. Our data supports the hypothesis of a basic number of x = 25 for the Bromeliaceae family and decreasing aneuploidy in the genus Cryptanthus.

O número de cromossomos de quatro espécies de Anthurium e quatro espécies de Philodendron coletadas no Estado da Bahia, Brasil, foi determinado. As contagens 2n = 30 para A. longipes e A. affine, 2n = 32 para P. pedatum e 2n = 34 para P. blanchetianum e P. pachyphyllum representam o primeiro registro para estas espécies. Os números diplóides 2n = 32 encontrado para P. imbe e 2n = 90 para A. bellum diferem de registros anteriores, enquanto 2n = 30 e 60 para A. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum confirmam determinações anteriores. A. affine tem um a quatro cromossomos B. Nós sugerimos o número básico secundário x = 15 para Anthurium e x = 16, 17 e 18 para Philodendron, produzidos por hibridações e duplicações envolvendo os números básicos primários x = 7, 8 e 9.

Chromosome numbers for four species of Anthurium and four species of Philodendron from Bahia, Brazil, were determined. New counts 2n = 30 for A. longipes and A. affine, 2n = 32 for P. pedatum and 2n = 34 P. blanchetianum and P. pachyphyllum represent the first reports for these species. The 2n = 32 found for P. imbe and 2n = 90 for A. bellum differ from earlier reports, whereas 2n = 30 and 60 for A. pentaphyllum var. pentaphyllum confirms previous counts. A. affine had one to four B-chromosomes. We suggest secondary base numbers x = 15 for Anthurium and x = 16, 17 and 18 for Philodendron, produced by hybridizations and duplications involving the primary base numbers x = 7, 8 and 9.