ABSTRACT Objective To describe the technical specificities and feasibility of simulation of minimally invasive spine surgery in live pigs, as well as similarities and differences in comparison to surgery in humans. Methods A total of 22 Large White class swine models, weighing between 60 and 80kg, were submitted to surgical simulations, performed during theoretical-practical courses for training surgical techniques (microsurgical and endoscopic lumbar decompression; percutaneous pedicular instrumentation; lateral access to the thoracic spine, and anterior and retroperitoneal to the lumbar spine, and management of complications) by 86 spine surgeons. For each surgical technique, porcine anatomy (similarities and differences in relation to human anatomy), access route, and dimensions of the instruments and implants used were evaluated. Thus, the authors describe the feasibility of each operative simulation, as well as suggestions to optimize training. Study results are descriptive, with figures and drawings. Results Neural decompression surgeries (microsurgeries and endoscopic) and pedicular instrumentation presented higher similarities to surgery on humans. On the other hand, intradiscal procedures had limitations due to the narrow disc space in swines. We were able to simulate situations of surgical trauma in surgical complication scenarios, such as cerebrospinal fluid fistulas and excessive bleeding, with comparable realism to surgery on humans. Conclusion A porcine model for simulation of minimally invasive spinal surgical techniques had similarities with surgery on humans, and is therefore feasible for surgeon training.

INTRODUÇÃO: A medicina regenerativa tem ganho grande importância nos últimos anos em decorrência da possibilidade de certas células se diferenciarem em linhagens celulares distintas e, assim, reconstruírem o tecido lesado. As células-tronco têm despontado como forma alternativa de tratamento para doenças pela sua capacidade de diferenciação nos mais de 100 tipos de tecido. A medula óssea contém células-tronco adultas, hematopoéticas e mesenquimais, que auxiliam na limitação do remodelamento cardíaco. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 9 cães com peso entre 25 kg e 30 kg, divididos em três grupos: intracoronária, intramiocárdica-transendocárdica e retrógrada venosa. Células mononucleares da medula óssea foram coletadas por densidade Ficoll, marcadas com fluorocromo Hoechst e infundidas nas diferentes vias citadas anteriormente. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que, na via intracoronária, a distribuição das células foi homogênea do epicárdio ao endocárdio, em átrios e ventrículos direito e esquerdo; na via intramiocárdica-transendocárdica, as células ficaram mais restritas ao local da infusão, com consequente maior número em ventrículo esquerdo; e na via retrógrada venosa, as células encontravam-se com padrão de distribuição semelhante ao da via intramiocárdica, contudo sem que as mesmas chegassem à região endocárdica. Com relação à quantidade de células distribuídas pelo tecido, foi observado que havia diferença significativa (P < 0,01), quando analisada a interação via de infusão vs. região. CONCLUSÃO: Podemos concluir que existe a possibilidade de empregar técnicas distintas de entrega de células para diferentes doenças cardíacas.

BACKGROUND: Regenerative medicine has become increasingly important in recent years due to the possibility of certain cells to differentiate into different cell lines and thus recover the damaged tissue. The stem cell has emerged as an alternative treatment for diseases as a result of their ability to differentiate in more than 100 types of tissue. Bone marrow contains adult stem cells, hematopoietic and mesenchymal cells, which limit heart remodeling. METHODS: Nine dogs weighing between 25 and 30 kg were divided into three groups: intracoronary group, intramyocardial-transendocardial group and retrograde venous group. Mononuclear cells were collected from bone marrow by Ficoll density, stained with Hoechst fluorocrom and infused through the different routes mentioned above. RESULTS: It was observed that distribution of the cells was homogeneous from the epicardium to the endocardium in the right and left atrium and ventricle when the intracoronary route was used. With the transendocardial route the cells were more restricted to the infusion site, with a consequent larger number in the left ventricle. A similar distribution pattern was observed with retrograde venous infusion, however, cells did not reach the endocardial region. As to the number of cells distributed over the tissue, a significant difference (P < 0.01) was observed for the interaction between the infusion route versus region. CONCLUSION: We concluded that different cell delivery techniques may be used according to the different heart diseases.