ABSTRACTMealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) are important pests of the grapevine Vitis spp. and are responsible for direct and indirect damage to production. The main mealybug species present in wine grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) in Southern Brazil were identified and their incidence evaluated. Bunch-samples (n = 50) from 131 vineyards located in the Serra Gaúcha Region (RS) of Brazil were analyzed at harvest, and the occurrence of mealybugs in the roots was evaluated at the time of eradication of plants for replanting. Mealybugs were reared in laboratory until adulthood for species determination. The species Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell, 1983), Dysmicoccus sp., Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813), Pl. minor(Maskell, 1897), Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret, 1875) and Pseudococcus sp. were identified in bunches. Dysmicoccus sp., D. umbambae Granara de Willink, 2009, Pl. citri and Pseudococcus sp. were found in the roots. Pl. citri (31.4%) and Dysmicoccus sp. (22.7%) were the most common species found in wine grape bunches in the Serra Gaúcha Region.

A new species of mealybug is described and illustrated; Pseudococcus pabulum Granara de Willink n.sp., found on roots of Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense, T. repens, Glycine max and Lotus corniculatus, in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. A key to separate Pseudococcus Westwood species affecting forage crops is included.

Se describe e ilustra una especie nueva Pseudococcus pabulum Granara de Willink sp. nov., encontrada en raíces de Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense, T. repens, Glycine max y Lotus corniculatus en Argentina, Brasil y Uruguay. Se incluye una clave para separar las especies del género Pseudococcus Westwood que afectan Medicago sativa.

Five Coccus on Coffea arabica from the states of Bahia, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais were studied. Females were prepared and mounted in Canada balsam. Coccus brasiliensis Fonseca and Coccus lizeri (Fonseca) were redescribed and Coccus alpinus De Lotto, Coccus celatus De Lotto and Coccus viridis (Green) were characterized. A key to species and illustration of all of them are included. Coccus alpinus and C. celatus are new records for Brazil and the Neotropical Region.

Eriococcus leguminicola Morrison and Eriococcus mendozae Morrison are redescribed and illustrated; their distribution and hosts are amplified. The adult female and the first-instar nymph of Eriococcus santiaguensis sp. nov. and Eriococcus tucumanensis sp. nov. are described and illustrated. A key to these species is presented.

Se redescriben e ilustran las especies Eriococcus leguminicola Morrison y Eriococcus mendozae Morrison; se amplía su distribución y hospederos. La hembra adulta y la ninfa del primer estadio de Eriococcus santiaguensis sp. nov. y Eriococcus tucumanensis sp. nov. son descriptas e ilustradas. Se presenta una clave para las especies tratadas.

As espécies de Ceroplastinae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Coccidae) que ocorrem no Estado de São Paulo são revisadas. São estudadas 36 espécies de Ceroplastinae, das quais 9 são sinonimizadas, 8 espécies novas são descritas e 19 são redescritas. Ceroplastes campinensis Hempel, 1901, C. bicolor Hempel, 1901, C. excaericae Hempel, 1912 e C. farmairii (Signoret, 1866), mencionadas para o Estado de São Paulo, não foram examinadas, devido a não localização do material tipo ou de outros exemplares. Nossos estudos indicaram que C. albolineatus Cockerell, 1894 e C. confluens Cockerell & Tinsley, 1898 foram erroneamente citadas por Hempel, 1900 para o estado de São Paulo. Coccus stellifer Westwood, 1871, atualmente Vinsonia stellifera (Westwood, 1871), é transferida para gênero Ceroplastes como Ceroplastes stellifer (Westwood, 1871) n. comb. C. flosculoides Matile-Ferrero, 1993 é registrada pela primeira vez para o país e C. cassiae (Chavannes, 1848), C. deodorensis Hempel, 1937, C. formosus Hempel, 1900 e C. quadratus Green, 1935 são registradas pela primeira vez no Estado de São Paulo. Ceroplastinae é agora representada por 31 espécies no Estado de São Paulo, todas incluídas no gênero Ceroplastes. Ilustrações e uma chave para espécies são incluídas. Novos sinônimos: C. formicarius Hempel = Ceroplastes communis Hempel, 1900 n. sin.; C. janeirensis Gray, 1828 = Ceroplastes psidii (Chavannes, 1848) n. sin. = C. simplex Hempel, 1900 n. sin.; C. cirripediformis Comstock, 1881 = C. cultus Hempel, 1900 n. sin. = C. cuneatus Hempel, 1900 n. sin. = C. rarus Hempel, 1900 n. sin e C. rotundus Hempel, 1900 n. sin.; C. lucidus Hempel, 1900 = C. novaesi Hempel, 1900 n. sin.; C. grandis Hempel, 1900 = C. rhizophorae Hempel, 1918 n. sin. Novas espécies descritas: C. acutus sp. nov.; C. bragai sp. nov.; C. coronatus sp. nov; C. glomeratus sp. nov; C. jordanensis sp. nov.; C. minimus sp. nov.; C. solanaceus sp. nov.; C. willinkae sp. nov. Espécies redescritas: C. agrestis Hempel, 1932; C. cassiae (Chavannes, 1848); C. cirripediformis; C. deodorensis Hempel, 1900; C. diospyros Hempel, 1928; C. floridensis Comstock, 1881; C. flosculoides Matile-Ferrero, 1993; C. formicarius Hempel, 1900; C. formosus Hempel, 1900; C. grandis Hempel, 1900; C. gregarius Hempel, 1932; C. iheringi Cockerell, 1895; C. janeirensis; C. lucidus; C. purpureus Hempel, 1900; C. quadratus Green, 1935; C. speciosus Hempel, 1900; C. stellifer e C. variegatus Hempel, 1900. São designados lectótipos e paralectótipos para C. agrestis, C. deodorensis, C. diospyros, C. formosus, C. purpureus, C. speciosus e C. variegatus e um neótipo para C. cassiae.

The species of Ceroplastinae (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Coccidae) from the state of São Paulo are revised. Thirty-six species are studied, 9 are synonymyzed, 8 new species are described and 19 known species are redescribed. Ceroplastes campinensis Hempel, 1901, C. bicolor Hempel, 1901, C. excaericae Hempel, 1912 and C. farmairii (Signoret, 1866) were not studied because the type material or other specimens were not found. Our studies indicate that C. albolineatus Cockerell, 1894 and C. confluens Cockerell & Tinsley, 1898 were erroneously cited by Hempel, 1900 as occurruing in the state of São Paulo. Coccus stellifer Westwood, 1871, currently Vinsonia stellifera (Westwood, 1871), is transferred to Ceroplastes as Ceroplastes stellifer (Westwood, 1871) n. comb. Ceroplastes flosculoides Matile-Ferrero, 1993 is recorded for the first time in Brazil and Ceroplastes cassiae (Chavannes, 1848), C. deodorensis Hempel, 1937, C. formosus Hempel, 1900 and C. quadratus Green, 1935 are recorded for the first time for state of São Paulo. The Ceroplastinae is now represented by 31 species in the state of São Paulo, all included in the genus Ceroplastes. Identification key and illustrations for species are included. New synonyms are proposed: C. formicarius Hempel = Ceroplastes communis Hempel, 1900 n. syn.; C. janeirensis Gray, 1828 = Ceroplastes psidii (Chavannes, 1848) n. syn. = C. simplex Hempel, 1900 n. syn.; C. cirripediformis Comstock, 1881 = C. cultus Hempel, 1900 n. syn. = C. cuneatus Hempel, 1900 n. syn. = C. rarus Hempel, 1900 n. syn and C. rotundus Hempel, 1900 n. syn.; C. lucidus Hempel, 1900 = C. novaesi Hempel, 1900 n. syn.; C. grandis Hempel, 1900 = C. rhizophorae Hempel, 1918 n. syn. New species described are: C. acutus sp. nov.; C. bragai sp. nov.; C. coronatus sp. nov; C. glomeratus sp. nov; C. jordanensis sp. nov.; C. minimus sp. nov.; C. solanaceus sp. nov.; C. willinkae sp. nov. Redescribed species are: C. agrestis Hempel, 1932; C. cassiae; C. cirripediformis; C. deodorensis; C. diospyros Hempel, 1928; C. floridensis Comstock, 1881; C. flosculoides; C. formicarius Hempel, 1900; C. formosus Hempel, 1900; C. grandis; C. gregarius Hempel, 1932; C. iheringi Cockerell, 1895; C. janeirensis; C. lucidus; C. purpureus Hempel, 1900; C. quadratus; C. speciosus Hempel, 1900; C. stellifer n. comb. and C. variegatus Hempel, 1900. Lectotypes and paralectotypes of C. agrestis, C. deodorensis, C. diospyros, C. purpureus, C. formosus, C. speciosus and C. variegatus and a neotype for C. cassiae are designated.

A new species of soft scale: Stictolecanium aspidospermum sp. nov. from Argentina is described and illustrated based on the adult female and male and female immature stages. Protopulvinaria convexa Hempel is diagnosed, illustrated and transferred to the genus Stictolecanium Cockerell as S . convexum (Hempel) comb. nov. A taxonomic key for the four species of the genus is included.

Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de cochinilla blanda para la Argentina , Stictolecanium aspidospermum sp. nov. , sobre la base de la hembra adulta y los estadios inmaduros de la hembra y del macho. Se diagnostica e ilustra a Protopulvinaria convexa Hempel, y se la transfiere al género Stictolecanium Cockerell como S. convexum (Hempel) comb. nov. Se incluye una clave taxonómica para las cuatro especies del género.

Many native and exotic plants are cultivated at urban environments, where they provide shade and appeal to our aesthetic sensibilities. Almost no research has been done on the Coccoidea associated with ornamentals in the Neotropics, although they seem especially well adapted for survival in urban ecosystems. The objective of this paper is to provide information about some scale insects families that attack ornamentals in Argentina. This work was accomplished by examining scale insects in Argentine collections, as well as by studying new material collected in the field, or sent for identification by colleagues throughout the country. Ninety species of Coccoidea were identified, belonging to eigth families, and 53 genera. Fifty-two species of Diaspididae, 15 Pseudococcidae, 18 Coccidae, only one species in Asterolecaniidae, Eriococcidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Margarodidae, and Ortheziidae families were found. Seventy-one species are cosmopolitans and 19 endemics. About 190 ornamental species in many different families were affected. A list of the scale insects in alphabetical order, hosts, distribution, economic importance, relevant bibliography, and an alphabetical host plants list, with the scale insects affecting them, are given.

Muchas plantas nativas y exóticas, son cultivadas en ambientes urbanos, las cuales nos proveen de sombra e insentivan nuestra sensibilidad estética. Muy pocas investigaciones fueron realizadas sobre Coccoidea que afectan plantas ornamentales en el Neotrópico, a pesar de que ellas están muy bien adaptadas para sobrevivir en ecosistemas urbanos. El objetivo de este trabajo es proveer información sobre algunas familias de cochinillas que afectan plantas ornamentales en la Argentina. Para realizar este trabajo se examinaron las colecciones de cochinillas de la Argentina, se estudió material nuevo recolectado por las autoras o enviado por colegas del país. Fueron identificadas 90 especies pertenecientes a ocho familias y 53 géneros. Fueron encontrados 52 Diaspididae, 15 Pseudococcidae, 18 Coccidae, y sólo una especie en las familias: Asterolecaniidae, Eriococcidae, Lecanodiaspididae, Margarodidae, y Ortheziidae. De ellas 71 especies son cosmopolitas y 19 endémicas. Afectan alrededor de 190 especies de ornamentales pertenecientes a diferentes familias. Se brinda una lista de las cochinillas en orden alfabético, plantas huéspedes, distribución, importancia económica y bibliografía más importante, como también una lista alfabética de las plantas huéspedes relacionadas con las cochinillas que las afectan.

Descriptions and illustrations of Chorizococcus achalensis sp. nov. from Argentina and Chorizococcus uruguayensis sp. nov. from Uruguay, are given. Also Chorizococcus Mc Kenzie neotropical key and new hosts plants of Chorizococcus rostellum (Lobdell) are included.

Se describen e ilustran dos especies nuevas: Chorizococcus achalensis sp. nov. de la Argentina y Chorizococcus uruguayensis sp. nov., de Uruguay. Se incluye la clave de Chorizococcus McKenzie para la región Neotropical y se citan nuevos huéspedes de Chorizococcus rostellum (Lobdell).

Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero and Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, first records from Argentina and new hosts plants of Phenacoccus crassus Granara de Willink, Phenacoccus parvus Morrison y Phenacoccus similis Granara de Willink.

Se cita por primera vez para la Argentina a: Phenacoccus madeirensis Green, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero y Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley y se dan a conocer nuevos huéspedes de Phenacoccus crassus Granara de Willink, Phenacoccus parvus Morrison y Phenacoccus similis Granara de Willink.