Abstract Phenylketonuria is a rare disorder that increases the levels of phenylalanine in the blood. As there are scant articles about anesthesia management in phenylketonuria patients, this encouraged us to report a short-time anesthesia management of a child with phenylketonuria for bone fracture. The anesthesia was induced with intravenous ketamine and midazolam. During procedure, he received 100% oxygen via a face mask throughout spontaneous breathing. The operation was uneventful, and he was completely awakened in the recovery room. This report emphasizes that in some situations, the combination of midazolam with ketamine could be used safely for short time anesthesia in phenylketonuria patients.

ABSTRACT. The use of antibiotics in feed for growth promotion has been restricted in many countries, thus it is of interest to investigate potential alternatives for enhancing growth performance in birds. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the concurrent use of prebiotic and probiotic on gut histology and some blood chemicals of broiler chickens during heat stress. A total of 144 day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into 3 treatments. The first treatment was a diluted diet including rice bran without probiotic or prebiotic. The other treatments were fed the diluted diets with a prebiotic (treatment 2) and concurrent use of that prebiotic along with a probiotic (treatment 3). Results showed that villus height was not influenced by feed additives. However, crypt depth significantly increased by feed additives in particular with combination of prebiotic and probiotic. The ratio of villus height to crypt depth significantly decreased in treatments fed prebiotic alone or prebiotic and probiotic together. This finding is indicating the fact that non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) in high inclusion rate of rice bran caused to villus height erosion. It could be concluded that prebiotic and probiotic caused an increasing of enterocyte proliferation in the crypt of Liberkhun.

RESUMO. Este estudo analisou o efeito de dietas para poedeiras contendo farelo de trigo e arroz suplementado ou não com fitase sobre o desempenho, atividade da carboidrase intestinal e expressão de mRNA do transportador sódio-glicose-1 (SGLT-1). Noventa e seis aves da linhagem Hyline W-36 com 23 semanas de idade foram distribuídas num delineamento experimental completamente randomizado com 6 tratamentos e 4 repetições de gaiolas com 4 aves cada. A dieta controle usada neste experimento foi formulada para conter 10% de farelo de trigo e 15% de farelo de arroz. Fitase (2 g kg-1; 1000 FTU kg-1) foi adicionada a cada dieta experimental. O consumo de ração, massa de ovos, razão de conversão alimentar, peso da casca, espessura da casca e unidade de Haugh não foram influenciados pelos farelos ou suplementação com fitase (p > 0,05). Mas a produção de ovos diminuiu nos tratamentos com farelo de arroz (p < 0,05). No jejuno, a adição de fitase e a dieta contendo farelo de trigo aumentaram a concentração de sacarose (p ≤ 0,01). Além disso, a adição de fitase à dieta controle aumentou (p ≤ 0,001) a expressão de mRNA do SGLT-1 no duodeno. Concluiu-se que o fornecimento de dietas para poedeiras contendo 10% de farelo de trigo é viável sem comprometer o desempenho da produção, qualidade da casca do ovo e a atividade da carboidrase endógena.

ABSTRACT. The effect of diets containing wheat and rice brans with or without phytase supplementation on performance, intestinal carbohydrase activities and mRNA expression of sodium-glucose transporter-1 (SGLT-1) in layers was studied. A total of 96 23-wk-old Hy-line W-36 were allocated in a completely randomized experimental design at random with 6 treatments and 4 replicate cages of 4 birds each. A control diet was used in this experiment and then it was formulated to contain 10% wheat bran and 15% rice bran. Then phytase (2 g kg-1; 1000 FTU kg-1) was added to each diet. Feed intake, egg mass, feed conversion ratio, shell weight, shell thickness and Haugh units were not influenced by brans or phytase supplementation (p > 0.05). But egg production decreased in rice bran treatments (p < 0.05). In the jejunum, adding of phytase to control and diet containing wheat bran increased the concentration of sucrase (p ≤ 0.01). Also, addition of phytase to control diet increased (p ≤ 0.001) the mRNA expression of SGLT-1 in the duodenum. It was concluded that feeding layers with diets containing 10% wheat bran were practically feasible without compromising production performance, egg shell quality, and endogenous carbohydrase activity.

RESUMO. Este estudo avaliou a substituição de diferentes níveis de farelo de canola por farelo de soja nas rações de codornas Japonesas sobre o desempenho produtivo, qualidade de ovos e parâmetros sanguíneos, inclusive proteína sanguínea, concentração mineral, enzimas de fígado e hormônios de tiroide. Cento e sessenta codornas japonesas na fase da segunda postura, de 46 a 56 semanas, foram divididas aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos, com quatro repetições e 10 codornas por repetição. Os tratamentos foram: T1) controle (sem FC), T2, T3 e T4), substituindo 30, 60 e 90% de FS com FC, respectivamente. Os resultados não revelam variação significante no peso corporal entre os tratamentos no início e no final do experimento (p > 0.05). Houve uma redução significativa no consumo de dieta com o aumento de nível de FC (p < 0.05). Os resultados mostram um aumento significativo na produção de ovos, peso de ovos e massa de ovos em T1 (controle) e T2 (com 10% de FC) (p < 0.05). Não houve diferença significativa nos parâmetros de qualidade de ovos durante todo o experimento (p > 0.05). Todavia, a espessura da casca dos ovos reduziu-se significativamente com níveis crescentes de canola na dieta (p < 0.05). Os resultados mostram que a substituição de 30% em FS por FC na dieta (com 10% de FC) não tem efeitos adversos no desempenho das codornas.

ABSTRACT. The present study was conducted to evaluation the different levels canola meal (CM) replacement by soybean meal (SBM) in Japanese quails diets on productive performance, egg quality trails and blood parameters including blood protein, minerals concentration, liver enzymes and thyroid hormones. In this study, 160 of Japanese quails in second laying phase from 46 to 56 weeks of age were divided in four treatments with four replicates and 10 quail in each per replicate, on a completely randomized design (CRD).Treatments consisted:T1) control (without CM), T2, T3 and T4) replacing 30, 60 and 90% of SBM with CM respectively. The results were shown no significant variation in body weight between treatments in initial and end of the experiment (p > 0.05). There was significant decrease in feed intake by increasing level of CM (p < 0.05). Results indicated that significant increase in egg production, egg weight and egg mass in the T1 (control group) and T2 (contained 10% CM) (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in egg quality parameters in the all period of experiment (p > 0.05). However, the egg shell thickness showed significantly decreased with increasing levels of canola meal in the diet (p < 0.05). According to this study results, 30% replacement of SBM by CM in the diet (contained 10% CM) has no adverse effect on quail’s performance.

RESUMO O efeito de proteína bruta (PB), amino ácido (AA) e balanço alimentar eletrolítico (DAE) foi avaliado por parâmetros sanguíneos, características da carcaça e desempenho de aves de corte sob estresse calórico (29-34°C). Quinhentos e quarenta machos (Ross 308) foram alocados em 12 regimes alimentares num arranjo fatorial 2 × 2 × 3 totalmente aleatório com 3 repetições de 15 aves em períodos de crescimento (13 a 26 dias) e terminação (27 a 42 dias) e 120, 220 e 320 mEq kg-1 DAE. Além disso, 21% de PB aumentou o ganho de peso corporal (GPC) e diminuiu a conversão alimentar (CAR) no período de crescimento (p < 0.05). Por outro lado, 20% de PB diminuiu GPC e aumentou CAR no período terminal (p < 0.05). O nível de 20% PB reduziu o sódio sanguíneo e o balanço eletrolítico sanguíneo (p < 0.05). O maior balanço eletrolítico sanguíneo ocorreu com DAE 320 mEq kg-1 dieta (p < 0.05). A resposta das aves de corte a DAE no estresse calórico dependia da idade da ave, à exposição a altas temperaturas e ao nível de PB na dieta. Sob estresse calórico (29-34°C), 21% PB no período de crescimento e 17% de PB no período de terminação melhoraram o GPC e CAR das aves de corte.

ABSTRACT The effect of crude protein (CP), amino acid (AA), and dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) were evaluated on blood parameters, carcass traits, and broiler performance under heat stress (29-34°C). A total of 540 male chickens (Ross 308) were allocated to 12 diets with factorial arrangement 2 × 2 × 3, using a completely randomized design with three replicates of 15 chickens in grower (13 to 26 days) and finisher (27 to 42 days) periods. and 120, 220, and 320 mEq kg-1 DEB. The level of 21% CP increased body weight gain (BWG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) at grower period (p < 0.05). In contrast, 20% CP level decreased BWG and increased FCR at finisher period (p < 0.05). Further, 20% CP level reduced blood sodium and blood electrolyte balance (p < 0.05). The highest blood electrolyte balance was achieved by DEB 320 mEq kg-1 diet (p < 0.05). Broiler response to DEB in heat stress depended on the age of bird, length of exposure to high temperature and CP level of the diet. Under heat stress (29-34°C), the 21% CP level at grower period and 17% CP level at finisher period improved broiler BWG and FCR.

ABSTRACT Epidemiological studies show that particulate matter (PM) is the principal instigator of some adverse clinical symptoms involving cardiovascular diseases. PM exposure can increase experimental infarct size and potentiate myocardial ischemia and arrhythmias in experimental MI models such as ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of particulate matter (PM10) on ischemia- reperfusion induced arrhythmias with emphasis on the protective role of VA as an antioxidant on them. Male Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups (n=10): Control, VAc, Sham, VA, PM1 (0.5 mg/kg), PM2 (2.5 mg/kg), PM3 group (5 mg/kg), PM3 + VA group. Within 48 hours, PM10 was instilled into trachea in two stages. Then the hearts were isolated, transferred to a Langendorff apparatus, and subjected to global ischemia (30 minutes) followed by reperfusion (60 minutes). The ischemia- reperfusion induced ventricular arrhythmias were assessed according to the Lambeth conventions.In the present study,the number, incidence and duration of arrhythmiasduring30 minutes ischemia were demonstrated to be more than those in the reperfusion stage. PM exposure increased significantly the number, incidence and duration of arrhythmias in the ischemia and reperfusion duration. Vanillic acid reduced significantly the number, incidence and duration of arrhythmias during the ischemia and reperfusion period.In summary, the results of this study demonstrated that the protective and dysrhythmic effects of VA in the PM exposure rats in I/R model are probably related to its antioxidant properties.

Los sismólogos que trabajan en la reflexión de los datos sísmicos se han ocupado del ruido y en tratar de atenuarlo tanto como sea posible sin dañar una señal particular. Muchos métodos se han utilizado para eliminar ciertos tipos de ruido, cada uno siendo parcialmente efectivo. Ninguna de las transformadas han sido ideal e incluso en el punto de transformación, el ruido es añadido a los datos. El árbol de doble densidad dual (DDDT) y el método de transformada de ondicula discreta (DWT) fueron los métodos utilizados en este trabajo para atenuar el ruido en los datos sísmicos la sección preapilda y postapilada. El análisis de ground roll en el dominio de la ondícula (WDGA) se utilizó para encontrar su energía. Este es un método sustituto de umbralización en procesamiento de datos sísmicos. El método DDDTDWT tiene cuatro ondiculas y dos funciones escalares. Usando este método, datos shot gather fueron descompuestos a subescalas, donde cada escala contiene coeficientes relacionados a una señal particular. El procedimiento consistió en aplicar distintas ondiculas y funciones escalares a los datos y posteriormente eliminar el coeficiente de ruido a partir de la inversión de DDDTDWT utilizando la técnica WDGA. La transformada inversa proporcionó una sección sin ruido; los métodos de doble densidad DWT y doble árbol DWT se combinaron (es decir, cada método tiene sus propias características y ventajas).

Seismologists working on the reflection of seismic data have been dealing with noise and trying to attenuate noise as much as possible without damaging a particular signal. Many methods have been used to remove noise types, each being partially effective. None of the transforms have been ideal and, even at the point of transform, noise becomes added to data. The double density dual tree (DDDT) discrete wavelet transform (DWT) method was used in this paper to attenuate noise in pre-stack and post-stack seismic data. Wavelet domain ground roll analysis (WDGA) was used for finding ground roll energy in the wavelet domain; it is a substitute method for thresholding in seismic data processing. The DDDTDWT method has four wavelets and two scaling functions. Using this method, shot gather data decomposes to sub-scales and each scale contains coefficients related to a particular signal. The procedure involved applying distinct wavelets and scaling functions to data and then eliminating the coefficient of noise from inverse DDDTDWT using the WDGA technique. The inverse transform provided a section without noise; double density DWT and dual tree DWT methods were combined (i.e. each method having its own characteristics and advantages).