Abstract The objective was to evaluate the behavior of melon genotypes (Cucumis melo L.) in the physical, chemical and biochemical quality of melon fruits as a function of electrical conductivity irrigation water levels (ECw). The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme with five replications. The first factor was represented by five salinity levels (0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 dS m-1) and the second factor by accessions A35, and A24, and the hybrid Sancho. The physical, chemical and biochemical variables showed a reduction in production, with smaller fruits, with less weight, smaller cavity, with increased pulp thickness for Sancho. Vitamin C and yellow flavonoids increased indicating antioxidant power against ROS. The genotypes showed similar post-harvest behavior, however, the hybrid Sancho stood out over the others, possibly because it is an improved material. Accession A24 presented physiological and biochemical responses that classify it as intolerant. Cucumis L. L physical ECw. ECw . (ECw) replications 0.5, 05 0 (0.5 15 1 1.5 30 3.0 45 4 4.5 60 6 6. m1 m m-1 A35 A production weight cavity ROS postharvest post harvest however others material A2 intolerant (ECw 0.5 (0. 1. 3. 4. m- A3 0. (0 (

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento de genótipos de melão (Cucumis melo L.) na qualidade física, química e bioquímica de frutos de melão em função da condutividade elétrica de lâminas de irrigação (CEa). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5 x 3 com cinco repetições. O primeiro fator foi representado por cinco níveis de salinidade (0,5, 1,5, 3,0, 4,5 e 6,0 dS m-1) e o segundo fator pelos acessos A35, A24 e o híbrido Sancho. As variáveis físicas, químicas e bioquímicas apresentaram redução na produção, com frutos menores, com menor peso, menor cavidade, com maior espessura de polpa para Sancho. A vitamina C e os flavonoides amarelos aumentaram indicando poder antioxidante contra ROS. Os genótipos apresentaram comportamento pós-colheita semelhante, porém, o híbrido Sancho se destacou dos demais, possivelmente por ser um material melhorado. O acesso A24 apresentou respostas fisiológicas e bioquímicas que o classificam como intolerante. Objetivouse Objetivou Cucumis L. L física CEa. CEa . (CEa) repetições 0,5, 05 0 (0,5 15 1 1,5 30 3,0 45 4 4, 60 6 6, m1 m m-1 A35 A2 físicas produção menores peso cavidade ROS póscolheita pós colheita semelhante porém demais melhorado intolerante (CEa 0,5 (0, 1, 3, m- A3 0, (0 (

Abstract Clavicle fracture represents 5% of the fractures in adults. However, segmental clavicle fractures are infrequent and have been understudied in the current literature. Cases have been reported showing adequate results with both surgical and conservative management, and yet, it has not been possible to reach a consensus regarding diagnosis or management of such condition. A patient with a middle and lateral segmental clavicle fracture is reported, after presenting multiple trauma in a road traffic accident, also suffering trauma to the right hemi body, multiple rib segmental fractures and hemothorax. After stabilization, he was taken to surgery for open reduction and internal fixation of the clavicle using a double plate technique, as it has been rarely described in the literature. The functional result was shown to be adequate and satisfactory in the postoperative follow-up. Despite the limited evidence available on the management of this type of pathology, surgical management is a valid option given the risk of non-union. The foregoing is concluded by the potential harm in patient functionality. 5 adults However literature yet condition accident body hemothorax stabilization technique followup. followup follow up. up follow-up pathology nonunion. nonunion non union. union non-union functionality

Resumo A fratura de clavícula representa 5% das fraturas em adultos. No entanto, as fraturas segmentares da clavícula são infrequentes e pouco estudadas na literatura atual. Há relatos de casos com bons resultados após o tratamento cirúrgico ou conservador, mas não existe consenso quanto ao diagnóstico ou manejo dessas lesões. Relata-se um paciente com fratura segmentar média e lateral da clavícula após politraumatismo em acidente de trânsito. O paciente também apresentava traumatismo em hemicorpo direito, múltiplas fraturas segmentares da costela e do hemotórax. Após estabilização, ele foi encaminhado à cirurgia para redução aberta e fixação interna da clavícula pela técnica de placa dupla, raramente descrita na literatura. O resultado funcional foi considerado satisfatório e adequado no acompanhamento pós-operatório. Apesar das poucas evidências sobre o manejo desse tipo de patologia, o tratamento cirúrgico é uma opção válida devido ao risco de não união, apesar da possível diminuição da funcionalidade do paciente. 5 adultos entanto atual conservador lesões Relatase Relata se trânsito direito hemotórax estabilização dupla pósoperatório. pósoperatório pós operatório. operatório pós-operatório patologia união

RESUMO Relatamos dois casos de hemocromatose símile em antas brasileiras, Tapirus terrestris mantidas em cativeiro no estado do Pará, Brasil. Ambas apresentavam lesões de hepatopatia crônica e acentuada, associadas a acúmulo acentuado de hemossiderina. A coloração de Perls demonstrou acúmulo acentuado de ferro nos macrófagos do espaço porta, células de Kupffer e, em menor extensão, hepatócitos na região periportal. Havia, ainda, fibrose portal marcada evidenciada por tricrômico de Masson. Os mecanismos patológicos da doença em antas ainda não estão bem estabelecidos e tem sido sugerido que a espécie apresenta diferentes mecanismos de absorção e eliminação de ferro, sendo sensíveis à elevação dos níveis dietéticos desse metal. Existem dois relatos anteriores da doença em T. terrestres em zoológicos na Austrália e na Escócia. Este é o primeiro relato da doença em antas no Brasil.

ABSTRACT We report two cases of hemochromatosis-like disease in captive Brazilian tapirs, Tapirus terrestris in Pará state, Brazil. Both animals presented symptoms of chronic hepatopathy associated with marked accumulation of hemosiderin. The coloration of Perls demonstrated pronounced iron accumulation in macrophages in the portal space, Kupffer cells, and, to a lesser extent, in the hepatocytes of the periportal region. Marked portal fibrosis was evidenced by Masson’s trichrome. The pathological mechanisms of this disease in tapirs are not yet well established. It has been suggested that the species may have different mechanisms of iron absorption and elimination, rendering them sensitive to elevation in dietary levels of this metal. Two previous reports of this disease in T. terrestris exist from zoos in Australia and Scotland. This is the first report of this disease in tapirs in Brazil based on histopathological and histochemical findings.

Abstract Diverse habitats have been screened for novel antimicrobial actinomycetes, while others remain unexplored. In this study, we analyzed the bioactivities of actinomycetes cul-tured from rhizosphere soils of the desert plant Artemisia tridentata and the nearby bulk soils. Actinomycetes were screened for antifungal and antibacterial activities toward a panel of plant pathogens; all comparisons were between activities of rhizosphere soil isolates toward those of its counterpart bulk soil. A selected group of the strongest antifungal isolates were also tested against two antifungal-drug resistant strains of Candida albicans. 16S rDNA partial sequences and phylogenetic analysis of isolates that showed broad-spectrum antifungal activities were performed. Forty-two out of 200 and two soil isolated actinomycetes were selected for their strong antifungal activities. The highest proportion of isolates (p <0.05) from rhizosphere soil of an old plant showed antagonism against gram-positive bacteria (0.483 and 0.224 propor-tions against Bacillus subtilis and Rathayibacter tritici, respectively), and phytopathogenic fungi (0.259, 0.431, and 0.345 proportions against Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum, respectively), while the highest antagonism against the gram-negative bacteria predominated in isolates from the bulk soils. Isolates from a rhizosphere soil of a young plant were characterized for strong antagonist activities against Fusarium oxysporum (0.333 proportion, p<0.05). Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences showed that isolates that exhibited strong antifungal activity were genetically similar. We conclude that the rhizosphere soil of A. tridentata is an excellent source for discovery of actinomycetes with potentially novel antifungal compounds.

Resumen En la búsqueda de actinomicetos antimicrobianos se han estudiado diversos hábitats, pero muchos permanecen aún sin explorar. En este estudio analizamos las actividades biológicas de cultivos de actinomicetos provenientes de suelos rizosféricos de la planta desértica Artemisia tridentata y de suelos no asociados a sus raíces. Los actinomicetos fueron seleccionados por sus actividades antifúngicas y antibacterianas contra un panel de patógenos de plantas. Todas las comparaciones fueron entre las actividades de los aislados rizosféricos y aquellas de los aislados no asociados a las raíces. Un grupo selecto de los aislados con las mayores actividades antifúngicas fueron también evaluados contra 2 cepas de Candida albicans resistentes a antifúngicos. Se realizó la secuenciación parcial del ARNr 16S y el análisis filogenético de los aislados que mostraron actividades antifúngicas de amplio espectro. Se seleccionaron 42 de 202 actinomicetos aislados por sus fuertes actividades antifúngicas. La mayor proporción de aislados de suelo rizosférico de plantas viejas mostraron antagonismo contra bacterias gram positivas y hongos fitopatógenos (proporciones de 0,259; 0,431 y 0,345 contra Fusarium oxyspo-rum, Rhizoctonia solani y Pythium ultimum, respectivamente), mientras que la mayor actividad antagónica contra las bacterias gram negativas predominaron en aislados de suelo no asociado a raíces. Los aislados de suelo rizosférico de plantas jóvenes se caracterizaron por una fuerte actividad antagónica contra F. oxysporum (proporción de 0,333, p < 0,05). El análisis filogenético de secuencias del ADNr 16S mostró que los aislados que presentaron fuerte actividad antifúng-ica fueron genéticamente similares. Concluimos que el suelo rizosférico de A. tridentata es una fuente excelente para el descubrimiento de actinomicetos productores de compuestos antifúngicos potencialmente novedosos.

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar el valor añadido de los niveles de glucosa en el líquido sinovial (LS) y otros parámetros bioquímicos en el diagnostico de artritis séptica (AS). Material y métodos: Análisis prospectivo de pacientes adultos con AS. Pacientes con articulaciones no infectadas fueron incluidos como grupo control. Se tomaron muestras de LS y sangre para la realización de análisis microbiológicos y bioquímicos en los pacientes y controles. Resultados: Incluimos 8 sujetos con lesión ligamentosa de rodilla, 6 con lesiones meniscales y 5 con osteoartritis como grupo control, así como 20 pacientes con AS. El cultivo de LS fue positivo en 60%. Los niveles de glucosa en LS de pacientes con AS fueron más bajos que los controles (P = 0.0018) con la concentración más baja en pacientes con cultivo positivo (p = 0.0004). La relación de glucosa en sangre y LS de pacientes con cultivo positivo se vio afectada (p < 0.0001). La esterasa leucocitaria presentó valores más altos en pacientes con cultivo positivo (p < 0.0001); se encontró un pH más ácido en comparación con el grupo control (p < 0.0001). Conclusión: Estos parámetros bioquímicos podrían ser un valor agregado útil, rápido y económico para distinguir entre enfermedad articular infecciosa y no infecciosa.

Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the added value of synovial fluid (SF) glucose levels and other biochemical parameters as possible biomarkers of bacterial septic arthritis (SA). Materials and methods: We prospectively examined adult patients with SA. As a control group, adults with uninfected joints were enrolled. SF samples were obtained, and microbiological analyses were made. SF glucose levels, pH, and leukocyte esterase were measured using a glucometer and colorimetric test strips. Blood samples were collected from both groups to determine glucose levels. Results: We included eight subjects with knee ligaments lesions, six with meniscus lesions, and five with osteoarthritis as the control group, as well as 20 patients with SA. SF culture was positive in 60%. SF glucose levels from patients were lower than the controls (p = 0.0018) with the lowest concentration in patients with a positive culture (p = 0.0004). Blood and SF glucose concentration from the positive culture patients were compared (p < 0.0001). Leukocyte esterase presented the highest values in patients with a positive culture (p < 0.0001) and a more acidic pH was found compared to the control group (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: These biochemical parameters might be a quick and inexpensive added value for distinguishing between infective and non-infective joint disease.

Abstract The use of high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) in patients with severe acute respiratory failure (SARF) due to COVID-19 pneu monia (NCOVID-19) is debated. Given the lack of beds in Intensive Care Units in the Public Health System of the Province of Neuquén, their use was implemented in general wards. This restrospective multicenter study was carried out to describe the experience of using HNFT in patients with SARF due to NCOVID-19. The primary outcome was the frequency of successful weaning from HFNT and in-hospital mortality (IHM). Two hundred ninety-nine patients were analyzed; 120 (40.1%) were successfully withdrawn from HFNT. This failed in 59.8% (179), 44.1% (132) required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and 15.7% (47) was not candidates for intubation. A ROX index ≥ 5 at 6 h after initiation was associated with the success of HFNT (OR 0.26 [IC 95% 0.15-0.46] p<0.0001). The general IHM was 48.5% (145/299), 70.4% (93/132) in patients with IMV, 4.2% (5/120) died after successful weaning from HFNT and 100% (47/47) in the group not candidates for intubation. Patients with TNAFO had a statistically significant decrease in MIH and days of hospitalization. TNAFO in general wards achieved a decrease in the use of IMV, with a reduction in mortality and days of stay in hospitalized for NCOVID-19 with SARF.

Resumen El uso de terapia nasal de alto flujo (TNAFO) en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave (IRAG) por neumonía COVID-19 (NCOVID-19) es debatido. Ante la falta de camas en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos en el Sistema de Salud Pública de la Provincia del Neuquén, se implementó su uso en salas generales. Con el objetivo de describir la experiencia de uso de la TNAFO en pacientes con IRAG por NCOVID-19, se llevó a cabo este estudio retrospectivo multicéntrico. El resultado primario fue la frecuencia de destete exitoso de TNAFO y la mortalidad intrahospitalaria (MIH). Se analizaron 299 pacientes, de éstos, 120 (40.1%) fueron retirados con éxito de la TNAFO. Esta fracasó en 59.8% (179), 44.1% (132) requirió ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) y 15.7% (47) no eran candidatos a la intubación. Un índice ROX ≥ 5 a las 6 h después del inicio, se asoció con el éxito de la TNAFO (OR 0.26 [IC 95% 0.15-0.46] p<0.0001). La MIH general fue del 48.5% (145/299), 70.4% (93/132) en aquellos con VMI, 4.2% (5/120) falleció post destete exitoso de la TNAFO y 100% (47/47) en el grupo no candidatos a la intubación. Los pacientes con TNAFO tuvieron una disminución estadísticamente significativa en la MIH y en días de internación. El uso de TNAFO en salas generales logró una reducción en la utilización de VMI, con una reducción de la mortalidad y días de estada en los internados por NCOVID-19 con IRAG.

Resumen La producción de cultivo de algodón en el Valle de Mexicali se ve afectada principalmente por enfermedades que marchitan y pudren la raíz, y son asociadas al hongo Fusarium spp. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de la inoculación de Fusarium solani en cuatro cepas y conocer el porcentaje de la severidad del daño en plántulas de algodón transgénico. Los resultados indicaron que las cepas T-ICA03 y T-ICA01 presentaron un 90% de daños, así como un mayor número de puntos de infección en el sistema radicular en comparación con las otras cepas evaluadas. En plantas de 20 días de edad se determinó la eficiencia fotosintética y clorofílica observando cambios significativos entre las cepas inoculadas y el control durante el experimento. Ambos parámetros fisiológicos explican los posibles efectos de la infección a nivel del transporte de nutrientes y agua que impacta negativamente al sistema fotosintético de la planta. No obstante, debido a su especificidad, se recomienda principalmente el uso de la eficacia fotosintética como un parámetro no destructivo para evaluar el daño a nivel del fotosistema causado por la infección de F. solani en las plantas de algodón transgénico.

Abstract Cotton crop production in the Mexicali Valley mainly affected by diseases that cause wilt and root rot, which are associated with Fusarium spp. The aim of this work is was evaluate the effect of inoculation with 4 strains of Fusarium solani on the percentage of severity in transgenic cotton seedlings. The results indicated that the T-ICA03 and T-ICA01 strain generated a 90% severity percentage, as well as a greater number of infection points in the root system compared to the other strains evaluated. In 20-day-old plants, the photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll was evaluate, observing significant changes between the inoculated strains and the control during the experiment. Both physiological parameters explain the possible effects of the infection at the level of nutrient and water transport that negatively impacts the photosynthetic system of the plant. However, due to its specificity, the use of photosynthetic efficiency is mainly recommended as a non-destructive parameter to assess photosystem damage caused by F. solani infection in transgenic cotton plants.

Abstract This work presents the results of the analysis of the turbulent flow inside a Submerged Entry Nozzle and outside the ports of a model using visualization and PIV techniques. The Submerged Entry Nozzle model consists of a vertical, constant diameter tube with two rounded exit ports found at the bottom with a downward angle of 15o each. The visualization method is the first step in analyzing the characteristics of the port’s internal and external flow. To enhance the visualizations, a LED light source is employed to illuminate the Submerged Entry Nozzle, which reduces the reflections in the images. Also, a transparent cell consisting of a cubic volume with reduced dimensions was used to capture images from the high-speed camera and to record the flow pattern. To calculate the fluid velocity within the Submerged Entry Nozzle and close to the exit ports, laser-illuminated Particle Imaging Velocimetry was used. We confirm the previously reported formation of vortical structures closed to the exit ports that interact with each other altering the swirl motion of the exit flow, previously reported. Visualization and Particle Imaging Velocimetry results were compared with the numerical simulations results. Experimental scaled model and Computational Fluid Dynamics results were used to enhance the findings of the Submerged Entry Nozzle internal flow. On the other hand, physical model and Smoothed-Particle Hydrodynamics results were used to expand the information of the jet flow outside the exit ports. Both physical and numerical results display a high turbulent flow behavior close to and off the exit ports of the Submerged Entry Nozzle. Experimental and numerical methods may be used together to develop a method to design a better Submerged Entry Nozzle and increase the quality of the steel slab.

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) based on xylitol, citric acid, and malic acid were synthesized and used in ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and heating-bath extraction of phosphate rock and mineral supplement samples. Arsenic, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P and Zn were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The results showed the NADES as promising solvents for extraction of inorganic matrices compared to reference values and concentrations obtained using microwave-assisted acid digestion (MW-AD). Significant differences were observed for some elements, suggesting different chemical interactions between the synthesized NADES and each monitored element. For analytes extraction of phosphate rock, UAE presented the best results for As, Cr and P. Zinc was extracted with UAE and heating bath. Concerning mineral supplement, no significant differences were observed for Ca (UAE), Cd (UAE and heating bath), K (UAE and heating bath), Mn (UAE and heating bath), Na (UAE and heating bath), and P (UAE and heating bath). The NADES is a greener and a potentially alternative for the sample preparation compared to the official methods of analysis, can being used as selective extractor solvent in conventional sample preparation methods.

ABSTRACT The efficacy of two locally produced oxfendazole (OFZ) formulations against cysticercosis at 22,5% and 10%, versus a commercial formulation (Synanthic 9,06%) was evaluated in twenty-two naturally infected pigs that received a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg. Pigs were sacrificed at eight weeks post-treatment to evaluate the cysts found in their carcasses, and to determine the cysticidal efficacy, which was defined as the proportion of degenerated cysts over total cysts. Only degenerated cysts were found in muscle, heart, and tongue of pigs treated with OFZ in all groups, which shows an efficacy of 100%. Viable and degenerated cysts were found in brains, being the efficacy lower in all groups (65% [commercial OFZ], 47% [local OFZ 22.5%] and 31% [local OFZ 10%], p = 0.355). Locally produced OFZ formulations were similarly effective to the commercial formulation and may provide a practical alternative for the treatment of porcine cysticercosis.

RESUMEN Se evaluó la eficacia de dos formulaciones de oxfendazol (OFZ) contra cisticercosis producidas localmente, al 22,5% y 10% en comparación con una formulación comercial (Synanthic 9,06%) en 22 cerdos naturalmente infectados, que recibieron una dosis oral de 30 mg/kg. Los cerdos fueron sacrificados a las ocho semanas postratamiento para evaluar quistes en en sus carcasas, y se determinó la eficacia cisticida a través de la proporción de quistes degenerados sobre el total. Solo se encontraron quistes degenerados en la musculatura, corazón y lengua de los cerdos tratados con OFZ en todos los grupos, lo cual muestra una eficacia del 100%. En los cerebros se encontraron quistes viables y degenerados, con una eficacia menor en todos los grupos (65% [OFZ comercial], 47% [OFZ local 22,5%] y 31% [OFZ local 10%], p = 0,355. Las formulaciones de OFZ producidas localmente fueron igual de efectivas que la formulación comercial y pueden proporcionar una alternativa para el tratamiento de la cisticercosis porcina.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o impacto de diferentes distúrbios após o parto na produção de leite e em sua composição. Cento e quinze vacas Holandesas de uma fazenda de gado leiteiro, localizada em estado da região Sul do Brasil, foram monitoradas até 62 dias após o parto. Durante esse período, foram realizadas avaliações do escore de condição corporal e exame clínico nos animais. As porcentagens de gordura, proteína e lactose, bem como o escore de células somáticas, foram determinadas nas amostras de leite. A atividade do AST e as concentrações de NEFA, cálcio e BHBA foram analisadas em amostras de sangue. A ocorrência de distúrbios clínicos foi identificada em 30 (26%) vacas, os distúrbios subclínicos foram identificados em 64 (56%) vacas. Apenas 21 (18%) vacas não sofreram nenhum tipo de distúrbio ao longo do período estudado. Neste estudo, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na produção do leite, proteína e na contagem de células somáticas em vacas com doenças clínicas, subclínicas e saudáveis. No leite, a gordura e o quociente gordura e proteína (G:P) foram maiores em vacas com doença clínica no período de seis a 21 dias de lactação, e a lactose foi menor em vacas com doença clínica no período de 22 a 42 dias de lactação (P<0,05).

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the impact of different post-partum disorders on milk yield and composition. One hundred and fifteen Holstein cows from a commercial dairy farm located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil were monitored up to 62 days post-partum. During this period, body condition score evaluation and animal clinical examination were conducted. Percentages of fat, protein, and lactose, as well as somatic cells score, were determined in milk samples. The AST activity and concentrations of NEFA, calcium, and BHBA, were analyzed in blood samples. The occurrence of clinical disorders was identified in 30 (26%) cows. Subclinical disorders were identified in 64 (56%) cows. Only 21 (18%) cows did not suffer any kind of disorder within the studied period. In this study, no significant differences were found in milk production, protein, and somatic cell count in clinical, subclinical, and healthy cows. Milk fat and the fat: protein quotient (F:P) were higher in cows with clinical disorders and the 6 to 21 days in milk, and lactose were lower in cows with clinical disorders and the 22 to 42 days in milk (P<0.05).

RESUMEN Se estudió la biología reproductiva del Bocachico, Prochilodus magdalenae, en el río San Jorge, Colombia. La especie es un pez con proporción sexual hembra: macho de 1,2:1, diferente a lo esperado. Presenta desarrollo ovocitario sincrónico en dos grupos, un desove anual que se extiende de abril a septiembre asociado al ciclo hidrológico del río San Jorge, talla media de madurez sexual estimada en 30,2 cm LT, ovocitos grandes de 950 μm y fecundidad promedio de 109 972 ovocitos, cuya ecuación fue F =7271,6 WO0,60, r =0,93, n =14.

ABSTRACT The reproductive biology of the Bocachico, Prochilodus magdalenae, in the San Jorge River, Colombia, was studied. The species is a fish with sexual proportion female: male of 1.2:1, different than expected. It presents synchronous ovocitary development in two groups, an annual spawning that extends from April to September associated to the hydrological cycle of the San Jorge River, length at first maturity estimated in 30.2 cm TL, large oocytes of 950 μm, and average fecundity of 109 972 oocytes, whose equation was F = 7271,6 OW0,60, r = 0,93, n = 14.

ABSTRACT The efficacy of two locally produced oxfendazole (OFZ) formulations against cysticercosis at 22,5% and 10%, versus a commercial formulation (Synanthic 9,06%) was evaluated in twenty-two naturally infected pigs that received a single oral dose of 30 mg/kg. Pigs were sacrificed at eight weeks post-treatment to evaluate the cysts found in their carcasses, and to determine the cysticidal efficacy, which was defined as the proportion of degenerated cysts over total cysts. Only degenerated cysts were found in muscle, heart, and tongue of pigs treated with OFZ in all groups, which shows an efficacy of 100%. Viable and degenerated cysts were found in brains, being the efficacy lower in all groups (65% [commercial OFZ], 47% [local OFZ 22.5%] and 31% [local OFZ 10%], p = 0.355). Locally produced OFZ formulations were similarly effective to the commercial formulation and may provide a practical alternative for the treatment of porcine cysticercosis.

RESUMEN Se evaluó la eficacia de dos formulaciones de oxfendazol (OFZ) contra cisticercosis producidas localmente, al 22,5% y 10% en comparación con una formulación comercial (Synanthic 9,06%) en 22 cerdos naturalmente infectados, que recibieron una dosis oral de 30 mg/kg. Los cerdos fueron sacrificados a las ocho semanas postratamiento para evaluar quistes en en sus carcasas, y se determinó la eficacia cisticida a través de la proporción de quistes degenerados sobre el total. Solo se encontraron quistes degenerados en la musculatura, corazón y lengua de los cerdos tratados con OFZ en todos los grupos, lo cual muestra una eficacia del 100%. En los cerebros se encontraron quistes viables y degenerados, con una eficacia menor en todos los grupos (65% [OFZ comercial], 47% [OFZ local 22,5%] y 31% [OFZ local 10%], p = 0,355. Las formulaciones de OFZ producidas localmente fueron igual de efectivas que la formulación comercial y pueden proporcionar una alternativa para el tratamiento de la cisticercosis porcina.

ABSTRACT Larkinia grandis (Broderip & G.B. Sowerby I, 1829), an important fishing resource for Mexican communities, is an Arcidae clam. It is also considered a species with aquaculture potential. In this work we investigated the gonadal phases and sexuality in a population of L. grandis in the Gulf of California. Our findings support the hypothesis that there is one male per female in the population studied. It also documents that the shape, position and color of the gonads of L. grandis are consistent with observations in other Arcidae species. Additionally, five gonadal phases are differentiated and described in males and females (development, mature, spawning, post-spawning and resting), with a noticeable presence of brown cells during post-spawning and the onset of the resting phase, suggesting that those cells are involved in the reabsorption of remnants. Additionally, asynchronous gametogenesis in males, synchronic gametogenesis in females and batch spawning are defined. The results of this contribution can be used in the efforts to protect this bivalve.