Abstract In this work we make an account of the way in which the concept of transitivity has been understood by traditional grammar and how it is treated by current linguistics, from the notion of transitivity developed by Priscian, a 6th century Grammarian. Our goal is to clearly identify the two conceptions from which the Grammarian understood this syntactic phenomenon: a narrow one (simpler and reduced) and a broad one (with a higher degree of linguistic reflection); and the way in which both have influenced grammatical theory during the history of grammar.

Resumen En este trabajo se hace un recuento sobre la manera en que ha sido entendido el concepto de transitividad por la gramática tradicional y cómo lo entiende la lingüística actual, a la luz de las reflexiones de Prisciano, gramático del s. VI. El objetivo consiste en identificar con claridad las dos concepciones, a partir de las que el gramático entendía este fenómeno de la sintaxis, una estrecha (más simple y reducida) y una amplia (con un grado mayor de reflexión lingüística); y la forma en que una y otra han influido en la teoría gramatical hasta la actualidad.

RESUMEN La piña hawaiana posee grandes cantidades de fructosa lo que la hace más apetecible para cualquier elaboración y en el campo de la gastronomía se puede deleitar infinidad de preparaciones comestibles y decoraciones. El objetivo de la investigación es demostrar los resultados obtenidos en la formación de estudiantes en servicios gastronómicos a partir de la gestión del conocimiento utilizando como caso de estudio la obtención de vinagre a partir de piña hawaiana. Se utiliza un enfoque exploratorio, para comparar y medir parámetros de los vinagres elaborados. Los resultados indican que los valores de pH y Brix fueron superiores en el vinagre de cáscara de piña demostrando su mayor aceptabilidad para la elaboración de recetas a base de este producto. La gestión del conocimiento en la elaboración del vinagre demuestra un método educativo práctico para la formación laboral en servicios gastronómicos.

ABSTRACT Hawaiian pineapple has large amounts of fructose, which makes it more palatable for any preparation and in the field of gastronomy you can enjoy countless edible preparations and decorations. The objective of the research is to demonstrate the results obtained in the training of students in gastronomic services based on knowledge management using the obtaining of vinegar from Hawaiian pineapple as a case study. The scope of this research is exploratory, and parameters of the prepared vinegars were compared and measured. The pH and Brix values were higher in the pineapple peel vinegar, demonstrating its greater acceptability for the preparation of recipes based on this product. Knowledge management in vinegar production demonstrates a practical educational method for job training in gastronomic services.

Perinatal mental health refers to the psychosocial processes that occur during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. A study was carried out with a quantitative-qualitative design, with quota sampling, with pregnant and postpartum women from three hospitals in two Argentine provinces during the Covid-19 pandemic. An in-person survey was conducted with 300 women. The results indicate a slight increase in care time and a decrease in time dedicated to paid work. A great concern was found among women about changes in health care, the care and health of their children, and the daily management of care. A high incidence of anxiety in pregnant women and postpartum depression was recorded. Studying maternal mental health and the organization of care from a gender perspective allows for a more comprehensive understanding of the suffering of women mothers understood as social subjects.

La salud mental perinatal refiere a los procesos psicosociales que ocurren en el embarazo, parto y puerperio. Se realizó un estudio con diseño cuanti-cualitativo, con muestreo por cuotas, con embarazadas y puérperas de tres hospitales en dos provincias argentinas en pandemia por Covid-19. Se realizó una encuesta presencial a 300 mujeres. Los resultados indican un leve aumento del tiempo dedicado a los cuidados y una disminución del dedicado al trabajo remunerado. Se encontró una gran preocupación por los cambios en la atención sanitaria, el cuidado y salud de sus hijos/as y la gestión cotidiana del cuidado. Se registró alta incidencia de ansiedad en embarazadas y depresión puerperal. Estudiar la salud mental materna y la organización de los cuidados bajo la perspectiva de género permite una comprensión más integral de los padecimientos de las mujeres madres entendidas como sujetos sociales.

A saúde mental perinatal refere-se aos processos psicossociais que ocorrem durante a gravidez, o parto e o período pós-parto. Foi realizado um estudo de desenho quanti-qualitativo, com amostragem por cotas, com gestantes e puérperas de três hospitais de duas províncias argentinas durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Uma pesquisa presencial foi realizada com 300 mulheres. Os resultados indicam ligeiro aumento do tempo de cuidado e diminuição do tempo dedicado ao trabalho remunerado. Foi encontrada grande preocupação entre as mulheres com as mudanças nos cuidados de saúde, no cuidado e na saúde dos seus filhos e na gestão diária dos cuidados. Foi registrada alta incidência de ansiedade em gestantes e depressão pós-parto. Estudar a saúde mental materna e a organização do cuidado na perspectiva de gênero permite uma compreensão mais abrangente do sofrimento das mulheres mães entendidas como sujeitos sociais.

Resumen El presente estudio propone analizar la eficacia de la terapia que integra el enfoque cognitivo conductual y el centrado en soluciones para reducir el estrés infantil ocasionado por el COVID-19. La modalidad empleada fue mediante un taller en línea, el cual consistió en 5 sesiones semanales, en dónde se aplicaron las estrategias de reestructuración cognitiva, psicoeducación, solución de problemas, adiestramiento en autoinstrucciones, mindfulness, pregunta escala y excepciones. Se contó con la asistencia de siete personas (cinco niñas y dos niños) de entre 9 y 12 años, quienes mediante la evaluación del inventario de estrés cotidiano infantil demostraron una disminución en el estrés percibido; y, en el Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure, un aumento en habilidades de relajación y atención plena. La prueba no paramétrica de rangos Wilcoxon indicó cambios significativos y con el tamaño de efecto encontrado se puede concluir que el taller en línea, diseñado con técnicas cognitivo conductuales y centrada en soluciones, es una buena opción para tratar temas de estrés en la población infantil.

Abstract The present study proposes to analyze the efficacy of the integration of the cognitive behavioral and the solutions focused on therapies to reduce childhood stress caused by COVID-19. The modality featured used was through an online workshop, which consisted of five5 weekly sessions and in which the strategies of Cognitive Restructuring, Psychoeducation, Problem-Solving, Training in Self-Instructions, Mindfulness, Scale Question, and Exceptions were applied. Seven people (five women and two men) between 9 and 12 years old attended the workshop. The evaluation of the Child Daily Stress Inventory demonstrated a decrease in perceived stress among the participants and the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure an increase in relaxation and mindfulness skills. The non-parametric Wilcoxon rank test supports the hypothesis that there were significant differences after the intervention. Thus, it can be concluded that the online workshop, designed with cognitive behavioral and focused on solutions therapies, is a good option to deal with stress-related issues in the child population.

Abstract Objective: To determine the relationship between neck circumference and anthropometric variables; to compare this circumference with percentile values proposed in 2021. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, analytical study in a sample of 392 schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years of age, residents of Obregon City, Sonora, Mexico. Pearson correlations were performed; and the neck circumference data of 331 children were contrasted with the reference percentiles of a study carried out in central Mexico. Results: 44.64% were found to be normal weight, 14.29% underweight, 22.19% overweight and 18.88% obese. The mean neck circumference was 27.36±2.80 in girls and 28.44±2.78 in boys. In the subanalysis, neck circumference was higher in boy’s vs girls (28.04±2.62 vs 26.89±2.54). Twenty-one.91% of girls and 20.92% of boys were above the 97th percentile reference percentile, and at the 25th percentile was 19.66% of girls and 18.15% of boys. No girls were detected in the 3rd, 85th, 95th, and 97th percentiles; and in boys in the 3rd and 97th percentiles. Neck circumference was correlated with all anthropometric measurements (hip circumference, weight, waist circumference, BMI, CTI, and height). Conclusions: Neck circumference is related to BMI; therefore, it could be a secondary indicator of overweight or obesity.

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la circunferencia de cuello y variables antropométricas; comparar dicha circunferencia con valores de percentiles propuestos en 2021. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, analítico en una muestra de 392 escolares entre 6 y 12 años residentes de Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México. Se realizaron correlaciones de Pearson; y se contrastaron los datos de circunferencia de cuello de 331 niños, con los percentiles de referencia de un estudio realizado en el centro México. Resultados: Se encontró que el 44.64% tenían normopeso,14.29% bajo peso, 22.19% sobrepeso y 18.88% obesidad. La media de circunferencia de cuello fue de 27.36±2.80 en niñas y 28.44±2.78 en niños. En el subanálisis, la circunferencia de cuello fue mayor en niños vs niñas (28.04±2.62 vs 26.89±2.54). El 21.91% de las niñas y el 20.92% de los niños están por arriba del percentil 97 de referencia, y en el percentil 25 está el 19.66% de las niñas y el 18.15% de los niños. No se detectaron niñas en los percentiles 3, 85, 95 y 97; y en los niños en los percentiles 3 y 97. La circunferencia de cuello se correlacionó con todas las medidas antropométricas (circunferencia de cadera, peso, circunferencia cintura, IMC, ICT, y talla). Conclusiones: La circunferencia de cuello se relaciona con el IMC, por lo tanto, podría ser un indicador secundario de sobrepeso u obesidad.

Resumen Durante el proceso de decocción comúnmente utilizado en la preparación de la bebida de jamaica (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), se genera una cantidad significativa de cálices de esta planta como subproducto. En este estudio, realizamos una exhaustiva caracterización de polifenoles, ácidos orgánicos y el potencial antioxidante en los cálices de jamaica, la decocción y su subproducto. Los cálices de jamaica son una fuente rica en diversos polifenoles, incluyendo delfinidina sambubiosido, ácidos cafeoilquínicos, ácido hibisco y ácido cítrico como principales componentes. De manera importante, una proporción significativa de estos compuestos bioactivos se extrajo durante el proceso de decocción, lo que resultó en una bebida rica en polifenoles. Los cálices utilizados (subproducto de la decocción) retuvieron entre el 23 % y el 140 % de los polifenoles y ácidos orgánicos extraíbles totales de la jamaica. Además, dicho subproducto fue enriquecido con componentes no extraíbles unidos a la fibra dietaria (126 % - 272 %) debido a la lixiviación de componentes hidrofóbicos, tales como fibra dietaria soluble y polifenoles y ácidos orgánicos extraíbles. Por lo tanto, los cálices de jamaica y sus subproductos de decocción emergen como fuentes prometedoras de polifenoles con potencial para su uso en suplementos dietéticos, junto con la comúnmente consumida decocción de jamaica.

Abstract A significant quantity Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyxes are generated as by-products during the decoction process commonly used for roselle beverage preparation. We conducted an extensive characterization of polyphenols, organic acids, and antioxidant potential in roselle calyxes, decoction, and their by-product. Roselle calyxes were found to be a rich source of diverse polyphenols, including delphinidin sambubioside, caffeoylquinic acids, hibiscus acid, and citric acid as major components. Importantly, we extracted a significant proportion of these bioactive compounds during the decoction process, resulting in a polyphenol-rich beverage. The used calyces (decoction by-product) retained from 23 % to 140 % of the extractable polyphenols and organic acids found in roselle calyxes. Additionally, due to the leaching of hydrophobic components like soluble dietary fiber and extractable polyphenols and organic acids, the roselle by-products were enriched with non-extractable constituents attached to dietary fiber (126 % - 272 %). Therefore, roselle calyxes and their decoction by-products emerge as promising sources of polyphenols with the potential for use in dietary supplements, alongside the commonly consumed roselle decoction.

ABSTRACT This study focuses on critical thinking through the interpretation of statistical graphics and actions based on sustainability, from a classroom intervention in relation to the Water Crisis in the Biobío Region, Chile, to 165 students from 7th grade to the 4th year of a state establishment. The methodology is framed in a descriptive-qualitative ap- proach developed through a questionnaire focused on the interpretation of statistical graphs, decision-making, and their arguments. The results show that students point to the data used on the axis of the ordinates as the main difference between the two graphs and recognize how the appearance of the graph can change depending on the data used. The argument focuses on an unsupported level of demand and actions for sustainability focused on the personal, independent of the academic level or gender of the students.

RESUMEN Este estudio se centra en el pensamiento crítico desde la interpretación de gráficos esta- dísticos y las acciones basadas en la sostenibilidad, de una intervención de aula en relación con la Crisis Hídrica en la Región del Biobío, Chile, a 165 estudiantes de 7º básico a 4º año medio de un establecimiento estatal. La metodología se enmarca en un enfoque cualitativo descriptivo desarrollado por medio de un cuestionario centrado en la interpretación de gráficos estadísticos, la toma de decisiones y sus argumentos. Los resulta- dos evidencian que los estudiantes señalan los datos utilizados en el eje de las ordena- das como la principal diferencia entre los dos gráficos, y reconocen cómo la apariencia del gráfico puede cambiar dependiendo de los datos utilizados. La argumentación se concentra en un nivel de demanda sin respaldo y acciones para la sostenibilidad centradas en lo personal, independiente del nivel académico o el género de los estudiantes.

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: La salud mental perinatal está relacionada con los procesos fisiológicos, psicológicos y socioculturales implicados en la concepción, embarazo, parto, puerperio y vínculo temprano, e incluye a la díada madre-bebé. El objetivo de este trabajo fue indagar el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la salud mental perinatal, específicamente con relación a la depresión posparto (DPP) y las diversas preocupaciones que manifestaron las mujeres en este contexto. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal a través de una encuesta cara a cara con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística en tres hospitales (dos de la provincia de Entre Ríos y uno de la provincia de Buenos Aires). RESULTADOS: El 68% de las mujeres mostraron indicadores de DPP evaluada con la Escala de Edimburgo, es decir, manifestaron haberse sentido infelices y con dificultades para dormir, con miedo, tristeza, preocupación y pensamientos negativos, en la última semana. Existen relaciones significativas entre la depresión puerperal, el hospital, la cantidad de personas con las que conviven las puérperas y el estado de salud. DISCUSIÓN: Esta investigación permitió generar información útil para mejorar prácticas, intervenciones y políticas que redunden en garantía de derechos en salud mental perinatal.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Perinatal mental health is related to the physiological, psychological and sociocultural processes involved in conception, pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium and early bonding, and includes the mother-baby dyad. The objective of this work was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal mental health, specifically in relation to postpartum depression (PPD) and the various concerns expressed by women in this context. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a face-to-face survey with open and closed questions. It used a non-probabilistic sample in three hospitals (two from the province of Entre Ríos and one from the province of Buenos Aires). RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of the women showed indicators of PPD according to the Edinburgh Scale, that is, they stated that they felt unhappy and had difficulty sleeping, with fear, sadness, worry and negative thoughts, in the last week. There are significant relationships between PPD, the hospital, the number of people with whom postpartum women live, and health status. DISCUSSION: This research generated useful information to improve practices, interventions and policies guaranteeing rights in perinatal mental health.

Abstract Fermentation is key to developing the organoleptic characteristics of cocoa beans, as dynamic changes in metabolites have a significant impact on flavors and aromas, hence modifications of this process have been investigated. In this research, the mucilage of CCN-51 cocoa beans was replaced by a mixture of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) and plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) pulp, and a controlled fermentation of this mixture was carried out after its spontaneous on-farm inoculation. The physicochemical changes and correlations during the five days of fermentation were evaluated. At the end of the process, the temperature reached 47 ºC in the fermentation mass and pH 5.64 was recorded in the cotyledon. In the first 48 hours, citric acid and fructose were high but at the end of fermentation were 71% and 41.17% lower than at the start of fermentation, respectively. As glucose and fructose were consumed during fermentation, acetic acid and lactic acid levels increased from day two onward, reaching values at the end of the process of 22.48 mg/g and 16.01 mg/g, respectively. In contrast, the bromatological parameters did not show greater variability when comparing each day of fermentation. The data generated and results presented in this study will contribute to the knowledge of possible sensory improvements achieved with the inclusion of pulp fruits in the fermentation stage.

Resumo Apresentamos um caso de hemangioma intramuscular com flebólitos de língua em uma mulher de 60 anos. Clinicamente, correspondia a um inchaço com duração de dois anos, sem sinais que sugerissem sua origem vascular. Após sua avaliação inicial, foi realizada biópsia excisional da lesão para estudo histopatológico. No estudo histológico pôde-se observar uma formação tecidual arredondada e circunscrita constituída por tecido conjuntivo fibroso com abundantes capilares congestivos que deslocavam o tecido muscular, destacando a presença de trombos com calcificações dispostos em camadas concêntricas (flebólitos). Com base nesses achados morfológicos, o diagnóstico definitivo foi de hemangioma capilar intramuscular com flebólitos de língua. Para confirmar a natureza neoplásica vascular da lesão, foi realizada imunocoloração com o anticorpo GLUT1. Ressalta-se, de acordo com a revisão bibliográfica realizada no PubMed, que esta entidade patológica é rara, principalmente na língua.

Summary We present a case of intramuscular hemangioma with tongue phleboliths in a 60-year-old woman. Clinically it corresponded to a swelling of two years of evolution, without signs that suggested its vascular origin. After her initial evaluation, an excisional biopsy of the lesion was performed for histopathological study. In the histological study it was possible to observe a rounded and circumscribed tissue formation made up of fibrous connective tissue with abundant congestive capillaries that displaced the muscle tissue, highlighting the presence of thrombi with calcifications arranged in concentric layers (phleboliths). Based on these morphological findings, the definitive diagnosis was intramuscular capillary hemangioma with tongue phleboliths. To confirm the vascular neoplastic nature of the lesion, histochemical immunostaining was performed with the GLUT1 antibody. It is noteworthy, according to the bibliographic review carried out in PubMed, that this pathological entity is rare, particularly in the tongue.

Resumen Se presenta un caso de hemangioma intramuscular con flebolitos de lengua en una mujer de 60 años. Clínicamente correspondía a una tumefacción de dos años de evolución, sin signos que sugirieran su origen vascular. Luego de su evaluación inicial se realizó biopsia excéresis de la lesión para su estudio histopatológico. En el estudio histológico se pudo observar una formación tisular redondeada y circunscripta constituida por tejido conjuntivo fibroso con abundantes capilares congestivos que desplazaban el tejido muscular, destacándose la presencia de trombos con calcificaciones dispuestas en capas concéntricas (flebolitos). En base a estos hallazgos morfológicos, el diagnóstico definitivo fue de hemangioma capilar intramuscular con flebolitos de lengua. Para confirmar la naturaleza neoplásica vascular de la lesión se realizó inmunomarcación con el anticuerpo GLUT1. Es de destacar, de acuerdo a la revisión bibliográfica realizada en PubMed, que esta entidad patológica es rara, particularmente en la lengua.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has radically altered the ways of working, studying, and interacting globally, forcing people and communities to reinterpret their daily activities. This study analyzes the changes experienced by working mothers who began distance studies at an Argentine university during the second year of the pandemic. Results indicated how spaces and time were transformed, and gender inequalities deepened. The pandemic, above all, impacted the positions and negotiations that working mothers managed to establish to continue studying in a virtual university environment. In these cases, conquering time and space for learning is, at the same time, an act of acceptance and innovation as a woman.

Resumo A pandemia do COVID-19 alterou radicalmente as formas de trabalhar, estudar e interagir globalmente, forçando pessoas e comunidades a recriar os significados de suas atividades diárias. Este estudo analisa as mudanças vivenciadas por mães trabalhadoras que iniciaram seus estudos a distância em uma universidade argentina, durante o segundo ano da pandemia. Os resultados indicam como os espaços e tempos se transformam e as desigualdades de gênero se aprofundam. A pandemia, sobretudo, impactou as posições e as negociações que as mulheres mães conseguem estabelecer para continuar estudando em ambiente universitário virtual. Nesses casos, conquistar tempo e espaço para aprender é, ao mesmo tempo, um ato de aceitação e inovação como mulher.

Abstract Nucleotide excision repair pathway (NER) is an essential mechanism for single-strand breaks (SSB) repair while xeroderma pigmentosum family (XPA to XPG) is the most important system to NER. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous hematological cancer characterized by cytopenias and risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformation. MDS pathogenesis has been associated with problems of DNA repair system. This report aimed to evaluate NER polymorphisms (XPA rs1800975, XPC rs2228000, XPD rs1799793 and XPF rs1800067) in 269 MDS patients of different populations in Latin America (173 Brazilian and 96 Argentinean). Genotypes were identified in DNA samples by RT-qPCR using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. Regarding rs1799793 polymorphism of XPD for Brazilian population, the heterozygous genotype AG presented a high odds ratio (OR) to have a normal karyotype (p= 0.012, OR=3.000) and the mutant homozygous genotype AA was associated to a high OR of AML transformation (p= 0.034, OR=7.4). In Argentine population, the homozygous mutant AA genotype of rs1800975 polymorphism of XPA was associated with an increased odd to have hemoglobin levels below 8g/dL (p= 0.013, OR=10.000) while for the rs1799793 polymorphism of XPD, the heterozygous AG genotype decreased OR to be classified as good (p< 0.001, OR=9.05 × 10−10), and intermediate (p< 0.001, OR=3.08 × 10−10), according to Revised-International Prognostic Scoring System. Regarding the rs1800067 polymorphisms of XPF, the homozygous mutant AA genotype showed a decreased OR to be classified as good (p< 0.001, OR=4.03 × 10−13) and intermediate (p< 0.001, OR=2.54 × 10−13). Our report reinforces the heterogeneity of MDS and demonstrates the importance of ethnic differences and regional influences in pathogenesis and prognosis of MDS.

Resumen En esta investigación se valida la prueba PRAVI como instrumento para medir las habilidades perceptivas auditivas y visuales en estudiantes de Educación Primaria. Para ello, se analizaron las variables: fiabilidad, validez de constructo, validez externa y pendientes de crecimiento en función del grado. Los resultados presentaron alfas de Cronbach adecuados para la tarea JOT y la tarea id en el factor visual lingüístico (.76/.77, respectivamente), auditivo lingüístico (.77/.75, respectivamente), auditivo no lingüístico (.75/.76, respectivamente) y visual no lingüístico (.75.71, respectivamente). Se concluye que PRAVI muestra pendientes de crecimiento adecuadas revelando sensibilidad a los grados escolares.

Abstract This research validates the PRAVI test as an instrument to measure the perceptual auditory and visual abilities in primary school students. To do this, the variables were analyzed: reliability, construct validity, external validity and pending growth according to grade. The results presented adequate Cronbach alphas for the jot task and the id task in the visual factor linguistic (.76/.77, respectively), auditory linguistic (.77/.75, respectively), auditory non-linguistic (.75/.76, respectively) and visual non-linguistic (.75.71, respectively). It is concluded that PRAVI shows adequate growth slopes revealing sensitivity to school grades.

Resumen Las personas dedicadas a otorgar servicios de la salud tienen el compromiso legal, ético, profesional y humano de velar por la salud y el bienestar de la sociedad. Un médico no sólo debe formarse en el ámbito académico y técnico, también debe construir y trabajar en su ética profesional. La actualización médica continua en medicina basada en evidencia y el continuo adiestramiento en el área práctica y clínica, si bien son de suma importancia, deben ir de la mano con la aplicación de los principios éticos tales como el respeto por la autonomía, la beneficencia, no maleficencia al paciente y la justicia. El análisis de casos clínicos reales a la luz de la ética es un ejercicio muy enriquecedor para trascender en nuestra práctica diaria. No solamente es de gran ayuda para detectar y prevenir conductas que pudieran vulnerar o atentar contra la dignidad de los pacientes, sino para reafirmar el valor y la centralidad de la persona humana en el abordaje médico.

Abstract People dedicated to providing health services have the legal, ethical, professional and human commitment to ensure the health and welfare of society. A physician must not only be trained in the academic and technical field, but must also build and work on his or her professional ethics. Continuous medical updating in evidence-based medicine and continuous training in the practical and clinical area, although of utmost importance, must go hand in hand with the application of ethical principles such as respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence to the patient and justice. The analysis of real clinical cases in the light of ethics is a very enriching exercise to transcend in our daily practice. It is not only of great help to detect and prevent behaviors that could violate or attempt against the dignity of patients, but also to reaffirm the value and centrality of the human person in the medical approach.