Pesquisa | SciELO

In this work, a miniaturized version of the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method was optimized, validated, and applied for extracting eight pesticide residues in anuran liver tissue samples. The extracts were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection, and the detected residues in liver tissue samples were identified by tandem mass spectrometry-liquid chromatography. The optimized extraction method entailed the scale reduction of the QuEChERS method twenty times using 500 mg of liver tissue sample, 200 mg Mg2SO4, 50 mg NaCl, 1.5 mL of acetonitrile, and a mixture of 25 mg C18 + 25 mg PSA (primary-secondary amine) as dispersive solid-phase extraction sorbent. The method was validated using liver tissue samples spiked at two levels of pesticide concentrations according to the SANTE/11312/2021 document. Recoveries ranged from 91-110% with a relative standard deviation < 20%. The method robustness assessed by the Steiner and Youden test resulted in recovery rate variations of less than 2% for all pesticides after deliberated changes in seven variables. The validated method was applied to 72 liver tissue samples from two anuran species, registering residues of some pesticides in 31 samples. The proposed method proved to be efficient, precise, and robust for determining pesticide residues in anuran liver tissues. work quick, quick (quick easy cheap effective rugged safe highperformance high performance detection spectrometryliquid spectrometry sample 20 Mg2SO4 MgSO Mg SO 5 NaCl 15 1 1. acetonitrile 2 C C1 primarysecondary primary secondary amine solidphase solid phase sorbent SANTE113122021 SANTE 11312 2021 SANTE/11312/202 document 91110% 91110 91 110% 110 91-110 20% variables 7 species 3 efficient precise tissues Mg2SO SANTE11312202 1131 202 SANTE/11312/20 9111 9 11 91-11 SANTE1131220 113 SANTE/11312/2 911 91-1 SANTE113122 SANTE/11312/ 91- SANTE11312 SANTE/11312 SANTE1131 SANTE/1131 SANTE113 SANTE/113 SANTE11 SANTE/11 SANTE1 SANTE/1 SANTE/

ABSTRACT The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others. publications problem uptodate up date classifications context exception (CTFB http//fauna.jbrj.gov.br/, httpfaunajbrjgovbr http //fauna.jbrj.gov.br/ , jbrj gov br (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/) 2015 Brazil 80 specialists 1 2024 133691 133 691 133,69 125138 125 138 125,13 82.3%, 823 82 3 (82.3% 102000 102 000 102,00 7.69%, 769 7 69 (7.69% 11000 11 11,00 . 3,567 3567 567 (3,56 2,292 2292 2 292 (2,29 1,833 1833 833 (1,83 1,447 1447 447 (1,44 1000 1,00 831 (83 628 (62 606 (60 520 (52 50 users science health biology law anthropology education others http//fauna.jbrj.gov.br/ faunajbrjgovbr //fauna.jbrj.gov.br (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/ 201 8 202 13369 13 133,6 12513 12 125,1 82.3% (82.3 10200 10 00 102,0 7.69% 76 6 (7.69 1100 11,0 3,56 356 56 (3,5 2,29 229 29 (2,2 1,83 183 83 (1,8 1,44 144 44 (1,4 100 1,0 (8 62 (6 60 52 (5 5 http//fauna.jbrj.gov.br (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br 20 1336 133, 1251 125, 82.3 (82. 1020 0 102, 7.69 (7.6 110 11, 3,5 35 (3, 2,2 22 (2, 1,8 18 (1, 1,4 14 4 ( 82. (82 7.6 (7. 3, (3 2, (2 (1 7. (7

Um dos principais fatores de produção para as culturas é a disponibilidade de água no solo, de forma que a quantificação das entradas e saídas dessa água, por meio do método do balanço hídrico, pode ser um instrumento valioso para melhorar o manejo dado a ela. Desse modo, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os componentes do balanço hídrico (variação do armazenamento de água no solo, drenagem, ascensão capilar e evapotranspiração) e o perfil do sistema radicular em Brachiaria decumbens, em nove meses do ano de 2011 (março a novembro). Também foi avaliada a razão entre evapotranspiração (ET) e evapotranspiração de referência (ETo). Esta pesquisa foi realizada na fazenda Riacho do Papagaio, em São João, na mesorregião do Agreste do Estado de Pernambuco, onde foram instalados sensores automatizados para medição da umidade volumétrica do solo nas profundidades de 0,10; 0,20; 0,30; e 0,40 m. A precipitação pluvial foi monitorada por meio de um pluviógrafo automatizado instalado numa torre no centro da área. Para a determinação da drenagem e da ascensão capilar, foram realizados ensaios de infiltração para obtenção da condutividade hidráulica do solo, além da determinação da curva de retenção, em laboratório. A ET foi obtida como termo residual da equação do balanço hídrico e a ETo, pelo método de Penman-Monteith. O volume de controle utilizado para o balanço hídrico teve como limite superior a superfície do solo e como limite inferior a profundidade de 0,30 m. Também foi analisado o perfil do sistema radicular da braquiária, mensalmente. Observou-se que os períodos com elevadas pluviosidades resultaram num maior armazenamento de água no solo, em maiores valores de drenagem e de evapotranspiração. O fluxo de água no limite inferior (z = 0,30 m) do solo ocorreu somente no sentido descendente, sendo perdidos 103,14 mm de água por drenagem, o que representa 24,12 % de toda a água fornecida à cultura. A evapotranspiração total da Brachiaria decumbens Stapf foi de 324,96 mm, com valor médio de 1,2 mm d-1. A pastagem sofreu estresse hídrico, em quase todo período experimental, tendo em vista os valores da relação ET/ETo serem inferiores a 1. Os baixos valores da razão ET/ETo indicaram a necessidade de se realizar irrigação para se diminuir o déficit hídrico. No entanto, em razão dos elevados valores de drenagem, recomendam-se práticas de manejo que aumentem a retenção de água pelo solo.

One of the main crop production factors is soil water availability; therefore, determination of soil water inputs and outputs by the water balance method can be a valuable tool for improving crop management. The aim of this study was to assess soil water balance components in the field (soil water storage variations, drainage, capillary rise and evapotranspiration) and the root system profile of Brachiaria decumbens for nine months in 2011 (March to November). The ratio between evapotranspiration (ET) and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was evaluated as well. The study was carried out in an experimental area at the "Riacho do Papagaio" farm, municipality of São João, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. TDR probes were set up at depths of 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 and 0.40 m to measure soil water content. Rainfall was monitored with a rain gauge installed on a tower in the center of the area. For the determination of drainage and capillary rise, infiltration tests were performed in the field to obtain the saturated hydraulic conductivity. The soil water retention curve was determined in the laboratory. ET was obtained as a residual term of the water balance equation and ETo was obtained by the Penman-Monteith method. The upper limit of the control volume used for water balance was the soil surface, and the lower limit was a plane parallel to the soil surface at a depth of 0.30 m. Each month, the root system profile was analyzed. It was observed that substantial soil water storage, drainage and ET values occurred in the high rainfall periods. Water flux through the plane of the lower limit (z = 0.30 m) occurred only downwards, with a loss of 103.14 mm by drainage, which is 24.12 % of the water supplied to the crop. The total value and average value for actual evapotranspiration of Brachiaria decumbens were 324.96 mm and 1.2 mm d-1 respectively. The grassland must have undergone water stress throughout the entire experimental period since the values of the ET/ETo ratio are much lower than one. The low value of the ET/ETo ratio indicates the need for irrigation to reduce water deficit. However, due to high drainage values, management practices for increasing soil water retention are recommended.

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