Resumo Fundamento: A Cardiomiopatia Chagásica Crônica (CCC) é causada por um processo inflamatório induzido pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, que leva à miocardite com fibrose reativa e reparativa. A CCC progride com alterações de perfusão miocárdica e eventos histopatológicos que afetam a Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória (ACR). Objetivos: Avaliamos os efeitos do Treinamento Físico Aeróbico (TFA) na perfusão miocárdica e nos comprometimentos morfológicos e funcionais relacionados à inflamação e fibrose em hamsters sírios com CCC. Como objetivo secundário, analisamos as áreas de secção transversa do músculo esquelético. Métodos: Hamsters com CCC e seus respectivos controles foram divididos em quatro grupos: CCC sedentário, CCC-TFA, controle sedentário e controle TFA. Sete meses após a infecção, os animais foram submetidos à ecocardiografia, à cintilografia de perfusão miocárdica e ao teste de esforço cardiopulmonar. TFA de intensidade moderada foi realizado durante cinquenta minutos, cinco vezes por semana, por oito semanas. Posteriormente, os animais foram reavaliados. A análise histopatológica foi realizada após os procedimentos acima mencionados. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5% em todas as análises (p<0,05). Resultados: Animais com CCC sedentários apresentaram piores Defeitos de Perfusão Miocárdica (DPM) ao longo do tempo, Fração de Ejeção do Ventrículo Esquerdo (FEVE) reduzida, e apresentaram mais inflamação e fibrose quando comparados aos demais grupos (análise ANOVA mista). Por outro lado, o TFA foi capaz de mitigar a progressão do DPM, atenuar a inflamação e a fibrose e melhorar a eficiência da ACR em animais CCC-TFA. Conclusão: Nosso estudo demonstrou que o TFA melhorou a disfunção cardíaca, DPM e reduziu a inflamação e a fibrose em modelos de hamster com CCC. Além disso, os animais CCC-SED apresentaram atrofia do músculo esquelético, enquanto os animais CCC-TFA apresentaram a AST do músculo esquelético preservada. Compreender os efeitos da TFA nas dimensões fisiopatológicas da CCC é crucial para futuras pesquisas e intervenções terapêuticas. Fundamento (CCC cruzi reparativa ACR. . (ACR) Objetivos (TFA secundário Métodos CCCTFA, CCCTFA TFA, infecção ecocardiografia cardiopulmonar minutos semana semanas Posteriormente reavaliados mencionados 5 p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 0 05 (p<0,05) Resultados (DPM tempo FEVE (FEVE reduzida mista. mista mista) lado CCCTFA. Conclusão cardíaca disso CCCSED SED preservada terapêuticas (ACR p00 p<0,0 (p<0,05 p0 p<0, (p<0,0 p<0 (p<0, p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract Background: Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is caused by an inflammatory process induced by Trypanosoma cruzi, which leads to myocarditis with reactive and reparative fibrosis. CCC progresses with myocardial perfusion abnormalities and histopathological events that affect cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Objectives: We evaluated the effects of aerobic physical training (APT) on myocardial perfusion and on morphological and functional impairments related with inflammation and fibrosis in Syrian hamsters with CCC. As a secondary objective, we analyzed the cross-sectional areas of the skeletal muscle. Methods: Hamsters with CCC and their respective controls were divided into four groups: CCC sedentary, CCC-APT, sedentary control and APT control. Seven months after infection, the animals underwent echocardiography, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Moderate-intensity APT was performed for fifty minutes, five times a week, for eight weeks. Subsequently, the animals were reassessed. Histopathological analysis was conducted after the above-mentioned procedures. The level of significance was set at 5% in all analyses (p<0.05). Results: CCC sedentary animals presented worse myocardial perfusion defects (MPD) over time, reduced left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and showed more inflammation and fibrosis when compared to other groups (mixed ANOVA analysis). Conversely, APT was able to mitigate the progression of MPD, ameliorate inflammation and fibrosis and improve CRF efficiency in CCC-APT animals. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that APT ameliorated cardiac dysfunction, MPD, and reduced inflammation and fibrosis in CCC hamster models. Additionally, CCC-SED animals presented skeletal muscle atrophy while CCC-APT animals showed preserved skeletal muscle CSA. Understanding APT's effects on CCC's pathophysiological dimensions is crucial for future research and therapeutic interventions. Background (CCC cruzi CRF. . (CRF) Objectives (APT objective crosssectional cross sectional Methods CCCAPT, CCCAPT APT, infection echocardiography testing Moderateintensity Moderate intensity minutes week weeks Subsequently reassessed abovementioned above mentioned procedures 5 p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) Results MPD (MPD time LVEF (LVEF mixed analysis. analysis) Conversely Conclusions dysfunction models Additionally CCCSED SED CSA APTs s CCCs interventions (CRF p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated, through physical and physiological tests, the seed quality of a landrace fava bean variety in different packaging materials and storage periods, aiming to guarantee the conservation of their quality in seed banks and facilities. The methodology used was the one recommended by the Rules for Seed Analysis (RAS - Brasil, 2009) and minimum descriptors for Phaseolus lunatus L. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F-test at 5% signififance to verify the presence of significant interactions and the individual effects of each treatment. The test of multiple comparison of means was performed by the Tukey test at 5% significance between common treatments. The Dunnett test was used at 5% significance to compare the control means with the means of the treatments. Regression analysis was performed to study the effect of storage on the variables evaluated. All analyses were performed using the R software. From the results, it can be concluded that the storage of fava bean seeds is viable in small rural properties in impermeable packaging materials and aluminized polyethylene bags. The germination and vigor of the seeds analyzed in this study decreased throughout the storage period regardless of the type of packaging used. It is not recommended to store fava bean seeds in permeable paper packaging as they have the lowest quality indices (germination and vigor) at the end of the storage period. ABSTRACT evaluated tests periods facilities RAS Brasil 2009 L Ftest F 5 treatment treatments software results bags 200 20 2

RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar por meio de testes físicos e fisiológicos a qualidade das sementes de uma variedade crioula de feijão-fava em diferentes embalagens. (1 -Embalagem cartonada mista composta por camadas de plástico, papel cartão e folha de alumínio impermeável- CN; 2- garrafa plástica semipermeável - PET;3- Pote plástico rígido impermeável - PEAD; 4- pote de vidro transparente quebrável impermeável - VIDRO; 5- saco plástico flexível impermeável PEBD aluminizado; 6- saco de papel permeável) e períodos de armazenamento de (90, 180, 270 e 360 dias), visando garantir a conservação da qualidade delas em casas e bancos de sementes. A metodologia utilizada foi a preconizada pelas Regras de Análise de Sementes (RAS - Brasil, 2009) e por descritores mínimos para Phaseolus lunatus L. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo teste F ao nível de 5 %, afim de verificar a presença de interação significativa e dos efeitos simples de cada tratamento. Foi realizado o teste de comparação múltipla das médias pelos testes Tukey ao nível de 5 % de significância entre os tratamentos comuns. Para comparar as médias da testemunha com os tratamentos comuns recorreu-se ao teste Dunnett ao nível de 5 % de significância. Para estudar o efeito do armazenamento sobre as variáveis avaliadas foi feita a análise de regressão. Todas as análises foram feitas com o auxílio do R por meio de programação. Pelos resultados, pode-se concluir que o armazenamento de sementes de feijão-fava: é viável em pequenas propriedades rurais em embalagem impermeável; saco de polietileno aluminizada. A germinação e o vigor das sementes analisadas diminuíram ao longo do período de armazenamento, independentemente do tipo de embalagem utilizada. Não é recomendado armazenar sementes de feijão-fava em embalagens permeáveis de papel por apresentaram os menores índices de qualidade (germinação e vigor) ao final do período de armazenamento. RESUMO feijãofava feijão fava 1 ( Embalagem CN 2 PET3 PET 3 PET;3 PEAD 4 VIDRO aluminizado 6 permeável 90, 90 (90 180 27 36 dias, dias , dias) RAS Brasil 2009 L tratamento recorreuse recorreu se regressão programação resultados podese pode aluminizada PET; 9 (9 18 200 20

ABSTRACT present study aimed to determine the effects of different light restriction levels (shading levels) on soybean genetic parameters using a Bayesian multi-trait model (MTM) and select high-yielding soybean cultivars. Eighteen commercial soybean cultivars bred in a soybean breeding program were evaluated over two agricultural seasons. Three shading levels were used over two agricultural crop seasons, giving six treatments (light restriction × crop season). The experiments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with six treatments replicated thrice. The genetic values and parameters were estimated using a Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithm. Broad-sense heritability range from 0.2093 to 0.7153. The lowest genotypic variance estimate was observed at the 45 % photosynthetically active radiation level in the 2019/2020 crop season year compared with that of other shading levels. Furthermore, a 40 % selection intensity had the highest soybean yield under different shading levels. The Bayesian MTM combined with the factor analysis and genotype-ideotype distance method can be used to evaluate and select soybean genotypes considering different shading levels. The soybean cultivars 8579RSF, NS8338, NS7901, NS7667, RK8115, and 8473RSF had higher genetic potential than other cultivars under different shading levels. multitrait multi trait (MTM highyielding high yielding seasons season. . season) thrice algorithm Broadsense Broad sense 02093 0 2093 0.209 07153 7153 0.7153 4 20192020 2019 2020 2019/202 Furthermore genotypeideotype genotype ideotype 8579RSF RSF NS8338 NS NS7901 NS7667 RK8115 RK 0209 209 0.20 0715 715 0.715 2019202 201 202 2019/20 NS833 NS790 NS766 RK811 020 20 0.2 071 71 0.71 201920 2019/2 NS83 NS79 NS76 RK81 02 2 0. 07 7 0.7 20192 2019/ NS8 NS7 RK8

ABSTRACT Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) is an economically relevant polyphagous moth, widely distributed in the Neotropics and part of the Spodoptera latifascia (Walker, 1856) species group. In this study, we used extensive sampling from different regions to describe the spatial distribution of S. cosmioides in Brazil and evaluate its variability both from morphological and molecular perspectives. Variable coloration and several morphological similarities were found among S. cosmioides and congeners of the S. latifascia complex, diverging from each 0.5 to 3.5% of mitochondrial DNA. The genetic divergence at the species level of S. cosmioides was 0.5% throughout Brazil, and a geographic structure was absent, including shared haplotypes with S. descoinsi Lalanne-Cassou & Silvain, 1994. Spodoptera cosmioides was found in all six biomes of Brazil, with the highest abundance recorded in the Cerrado, followed by the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, Caatinga, Pantanal, and Pampa. Walker, Walker (Walker 1858 moth 1856 group study S perspectives complex 05 0 5 0. 35 3 3.5 DNA absent LalanneCassou Lalanne Cassou Silvain 1994 Cerrado Amazon Rainforest Caatinga Pantanal Pampa 185 3. 199 18 19 1

Abstract Urban environments present less environmental heterogeneity in relation to the natural ones, affecting the biodiversity of bats and the ecological processes in which they participate. In this way, we will identify how urbanization influences the structure of bat communities in the municipality of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. We compared species composition, guilds and bat richness in a gradient that crossed urban, semi-urban and natural areas in the municipality of Goiânia, contained in the Cerrado biome. We captured a total of 775 bats of 16 species distributed in three families. Urban areas had a higher species abundance, while semi-urban areas had a higher species richness. The three types of environments have different compositions, the urban one being more homogeneous, the fauna in these areas is composed of generalist species, which benefit from this process. The diversity present in semi-urban areas is a consequence of the intersection between urban and natural fauna, which is why urban expansion needs to occur in a planned manner to minimize the impacts of this process and ensure the maintenance of biodiversity. ones participate way Goiânia Goiás Brazil composition semiurban semi biome 77 1 families abundance compositions homogeneous 7

Resumo Ambientes urbanos apresentam uma heterogeneidade ambiental menor em relação aos naturais, afetando a biodiversidade de morcegos e os processos ecológicos dos quais participam. Desta forma, vamos identificar como a urbanização influência na estruturação das comunidades de morcegos no município de Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil. Comparamos a composição de espécies, guildas e riqueza de morcegos em um gradiente que cruzou áreas urbanas, semiurbanas e naturais no município de Goiânia, contido no bioma Cerrado. Capturamos um total de 775 morcegos de 16 espécies distribuídas em três famílias. Áreas urbanas apresentaram uma abundância maior de espécies, enquanto em áreas semiurbanas tivemos uma riqueza de espécies maior. Os três tipos de ambientes apresentam diferentes composições, sendo o urbano mais homogêneo, a fauna nessas áreas é composta por espécies generalistas, que se beneficiam com esse processo. A diversidade presente nas áreas semiurbanas é consequência do cruzamento entre a fauna urbana e a natural, por isso é necessário que a expansão urbana ocorra de forma planejada para minimizar os impactos desse processo e garantir a manutenção da biodiversidade. participam Goiânia Goiás Brasil Cerrado 77 1 famílias composições homogêneo generalistas natural 7

ABSTRACT This research aimed to carry out an epidemiological investigation of dogs with canine leishmaniasis in an area of Rio Grande do Sul with no history of notification of the disease. Leishmaniasis is considered an endemic zoonosis in different countries. In Brazil, it occurs mainly in the Southeast and Midwest regions, having drastically increased the number of notifications in recent years. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, there are reports of the disease in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre and in the border region in the west of the state, as well as in the central region. The investigation was conducted in 100 dogs from the municipalities of Frederico Westphalen and region. Whole blood was collected for immunochromatographic testing (TR DPP® Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis) and lymph node aspiration. Positives were confirmed by ELISA test and indirect immunofluorescence test with total dilution or immunohistochemistry after skin biopsy. Two animals were diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis, considered the first reported cases of the disease in the canine population in the region. Therefore, it becomes necessary to research and control the potential presence of sandflies in the area. There is a hypothesis that the animals were contaminated in other regions of the country, remaining as a reservoir until the moment of diagnosis. countries Brazil years 10 TR DPP aspiration biopsy Therefore country diagnosis 1

RESUMO Esta pesquisa objetivou realizar uma investigação de cães com leishmaniose canina, em uma área do Rio Grande do Sul, sem histórico de notificação da doença. A leishmaniose é considerada uma zoonose endêmica em diferentes países. No Brasil, ocorre principalmente nas regiões Sudeste e Centro-Oeste, tendo aumentado drasticamente o número de notificações nos últimos anos. No estado do Rio Grande do Sul, existem relatos da doença na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre e na região de fronteira no oeste do estado, bem como na região central. A investigação ocorreu em 100 cães, provenientes de municípios de Frederico Westphalen e região. Foram colhidos sangue total para realização de teste imunocromatográfico (TR DPP® Leishmaniose Visceral Canina) e punção aspirativa de linfonodo. Os positivos foram confirmados por meio do teste ELISA e do teste de imunofluorescência indireta com diluição total ou imuno-histoquímica após biopsia cutânea. Foram diagnosticados dois animais com leishmaniose visceral, sendo considerados os primeiros relatos de caso da doença canina na região, portanto torna-se necessária a pesquisa e o controle de potencial presença de flebotomíneos na região. Há hipótese de os animais terem sido contaminados em outras regiões do país, permanecendo como reservatório até o momento do diagnóstico. Sul países Brasil CentroOeste, CentroOeste Centro Oeste, Oeste Centro-Oeste anos central 10 TR DPP Canina linfonodo imunohistoquímica imuno histoquímica cutânea visceral tornase torna se país diagnóstico 1

BACKGROUND Eosinophils are granulocytes that rapidly increase frequency in the bloodstream during helminthic infections and allergic responses. They are found in tissue infected by Leishmania during early disease, but their role during infection is not entirely understood. OBJECTIVES We aim to compare the disease due to Leishmania amazonensis in BALB/c and Δdbl-GATA1 mice, which lack eosinophils. METHODS BALB/c and Δdbl-GATA1 mice infected with L. amazonensis were observed for several weeks. The parasite load and dissemination pattern were assessed. FINDINGS The Δdbl-GATA1 mice developed an anticipated dissemination of L. amazonensis and a worsening disease. No differences were found in the lesion development or the parasite load in the footpad among Δdbl-GATA1 mice and BALB/c eight weeks after infection. However, nine weeks after infection, massive growth of metastatic lesions appeared in several parts of the skin in Δdbl-GATA1 mice, weeks earlier than BALB/c. We observed increased parasites in the bloodstream, probably an essential dissemination route. Thirteen weeks after infection, metastatic lesions were found in all Δdbl-GATA1 mice. MAIN CONCLUSION These results suggest a protective role of eosinophils in delaying the disease caused by L. amazonensis, although several limitations of this mice strain must be considered. responses understood BALBc BALB c ΔdblGATA1 ΔdblGATA Δdbl GATA1 GATA Δdbl-GATA L assessed However route considered

Abstract In urban environments, domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) are a major reservoir for the parasite Leishmania infantum. Miltefosine has been used as the standard treatment for canine visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. However, therapeutic failures have been reported. In the present study, two dogs (CG03 and CG06) with a diagnosis of infection by L. infantum underwent two cycles of treatment with miltefosine (Milteforan™ - Virbac®). Analyses showed increases in the parasite load of both CG03 and CG06, even after treatment. The clinical score of CG03 dropped from 1 to 0 (after one round of treatment), such that this dog became asymptomatic. CG06 showed clinical worsening, such that its score increased from 1 to 2. After the second therapeutic round, the parasite load in CG03 was found to have decreased, but it was still higher than before drug treatment even though this dog was physically asymptomatic. There was no decrease in the parasite load in CG06 and there was clinical worsening. The clinical response of these dogs to the treatment differed, but the parasite load remained high in both cases, which poses a risk to public health, making it essential take measures to prevent the sandfly vector from accessing the dog. environments Canis familiaris Brazil However reported study CG (CG0 L Milteforan™ Milteforan (Milteforan Virbac®. Virbac Virbac® . Virbac®) CG0 treatment, , treatment) asymptomatic worsening 2 decreased differed cases health (CG

Resumo Em ambientes urbanos, o cão doméstico (Canis familiaris) é um importante reservatório do parasito Leishmania infantum. Desde 2016, a miltefosina é utilizada como tratamento padrão para leishmaniose visceral canina no Brasil, porém falhas terapêuticas têm sido relatadas. Dois animais (CG03 e CG06) com diagnóstico confirmado de infecção por L. infantum foram submetidos ao tratamento com miltefosina (Milteforan™ - Virbac ®) durante dois ciclos. As análises mostraram aumento significativo na carga parasitária da pele de CG03 e CG06, mesmo após o tratamento com miltefosina. O “score” clínico do CG03 caiu de 1 para 0 (após uma rodada de tratamento), apresentando-se assintomático. Por outro lado, CG06 apresentou piora clínica, com sua pontuação aumentando de 1 para 2. Após duas rodadas terapêuticas, a carga parasitária diminuiu no CG03, mas ainda era maior do que antes do tratamento. O animal ainda se apresentava fisicamente assintomático. Não houve diminuição da carga parasitária de CG06, porém houve piora clínica. Sendo assim, o animal foi encaminhado para eutanásia. A resposta clínica dos animais foi diferente em resposta ao tratamento, mas a carga parasitária permaneceu elevada em ambos os casos, o que oferece risco à saúde pública, tornando essencial medidas para evitar o acesso do vetor flebotomíneo ao cão. urbanos Canis familiaris 2016 Brasil relatadas CG (CG0 L Milteforan™ Milteforan (Milteforan ® ciclos CG0 score “score , tratamento) apresentandose apresentando assintomático lado 2 assim eutanásia casos pública 201 (CG 20

ABSTRACT Cowpea is the third most cultivated legume in the world, and its cultivation can be intended for both grains and seeds. Plants intended for seed production, when exposed to water deficit, may compromise their physical and physiological quality, necessitating the development of strategies to minimize their damage, such as the application of salicylic acid and HumigelPlus® polymer. The objective of this study was to evaluate salicylic acid and HumigelPlus® polymer concentrations to reduce the effects of water deficit on the physical and physiological quality of cowpea seeds. The landrace cowpea seeds used in this study were sourced from two field experiments (Summer and spring). The treatments consisted of five concentrations of salicylic acid (0, 0.29, 1, 1.71, and 2 mM) and five concentrations of HumigelPlus® polymer (0, 0.29, 1, 1.71, and 2%) combined according to the Central Composite Design and a control group (absence of water deficit and application of salicylic acid and HumigelPlus® polymer). The values of electrical conductivity, germination, emergence, weight, and water content of cowpea seeds were higher with the application of salicylic acid (mM) and HumigelPlus® polymer (%) concentrations between 0.29 and 2, regardless of the season. The application of salicylic acid (mM) and HumigelPlus® polymer (%) concentrations between 0.29 and 2, both in summer and spring cultivation, reduces the effects of water deficit on the physical and physiological quality of cowpea seeds. world production damage HumigelPlus Summer spring. . spring) 0, 0 (0 029 29 1 171 71 1.71 mM 2% absence polymer) conductivity germination emergence weight (mM % (% 0.2 season ( 02 17 7 1.7 0. 1.

RESUMO O feijão-caupi é a terceira leguminosa mais cultivada no mundo, seu cultivo pode ser destinado tanto para grãos quanto para sementes. As plantas para a produção de sementes quando expostas a déficit hídrico, pode comprometer suas qualidades físicas e fisiológicas, necessitando do desenvolvimento de estratégias que minimizem seus danos, como a aplicação de ácido salicílico e de polímero HumigelPlus®. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a aplicação de concentrações de ácido salicílico e polímero HumigelPlus® para reduzir os efeitos do déficit hídrico na qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de feijão-caupi. As sementes crioulas de feijão-caupi utilizadas neste estudo foram provenientes de dois experimentos de campo (verão e primavera). Os tratamentos foram compostos por cinco concentrações de ácido salicílico (0; 0,29; 1; 1,71 e 2 mM) e cinco concentrações de polímero HumigelPlus® (0; 0,29; 1; 1,71 e 2%) combinadas de acordo com a matriz experimental Composto Central de Box e uma testemunha (ausência de déficit hídrico e de aplicação de concentrações de ácido salicílico e polímero HumigelPlus®). Os valores da condutividade elétrica, germinação, emergência, peso e teor de água de sementes de feijão-caupi foram maiores com a aplicação de concentrações de ácido salicílico (mM) e de polímero HumigelPlus® (%) entre 0,29 e 2, independentemente da estação do ano. A aplicação de concentrações de ácido salicílico (mM) e de polímero HumigelPlus® (%) entre 0,29 e 2, tanto no cultivo de verão, como no cultivo de primavera, reduz os efeitos do déficit hídrico na qualidade física e fisiológica de sementes de feijão-caupi. feijãocaupi feijão caupi mundo fisiológicas danos HumigelPlus Objetivouse Objetivou se feijãocaupi. caupi. verão primavera. primavera . primavera) 0 (0 029 29 1 171 71 1,7 mM 2% ausência HumigelPlus®) elétrica germinação emergência (mM % (% 0,2 ano ( 02 17 7 1, 0,

In this review, the works carried out in Brazil with multicomponent reactions over a period of 30 years were mapped through search in the literature (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science). A significant increase in papers with multicomponent reactions in Brazil was identified. In total, 243 articles with 6,672 citations (average of 27.46 citations per article) were found. Biginelli, Ugi, Mannich, Passerini and Hantzsch are the most employed reactions, and the articles were classified in medicinal chemistry, catalyst, mechanism, green chemistry, asymmetric synthesis and fluorescent. A bibliometric analysis with the 243 articles was performed, including the number of publications, citations, predominant journals, Brazilian universities with the highest number of publications on the subject, and international collaborations. review 3 PubMed, PubMed (PubMed Scopus Science. Science . Science) identified total 24 6672 6 672 6,67 average 2746 27 46 27.4 article found Biginelli Ugi Mannich chemistry catalyst mechanism fluorescent performed journals subject collaborations 2 667 67 6,6 274 4 27. 66 6,

ABSTRACT Fungi of the genus Pyricularia have a wide range of host plants and are capable of infecting more than 50 species of grasses, causing the blast disease, with damage to the ears. Species of the forage signal grass (Urochloa spp.) can be hosts of this genus of fungus and can be an important source of inoculum of the pathogen for other agricultural crops affected by blast, especially wheat. The objective of this study was to determine the reaction of nine cultivars of Urochloa to the pathogens Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl), P. pennisetigena, P. urashimae, and P. grisea. The virulence of seven races of PoTl to signal grass cultivars was also evaluated. There was variation in the pathogenicity and virulence of Pyricularia species and PoTl races in different signal grass cultivars. The cultivars Ipyporã, BRS Tupi, and Xaraés were the most resistant to the different blast pathogen species and PoTl races. Therefore, it is recommended to cultivate these varieties in areas adjacent to wheat or in crop-livestock integration. 5 grasses disease ears spp. spp PoTl, , (PoTl) P pennisetigena urashimae grisea evaluated Ipyporã Tupi Therefore croplivestock crop livestock integration (PoTl

RESUMO Os fungos do gênero Pyricularia possuem ampla gama de plantas hospedeiras e são capazes de infectar mais de 50 espécies de gramíneas, causando a doença brusone, com danos às espigas. Espécies da forrageira braquiária (Urochloa spp.) podem ser hospedeiras deste gênero de fungo e podem ser importante fonte de inóculo do patógeno para outras culturas agrícolas afetadas pela brusone, especialmente o trigo. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a reação de nove cultivares de Urochloa aos patógenos Pyricularia oryzae linhagem Triticum (PoT1), P. pennisetigena, P. urashimae e P. grisea. Foi avaliado também a virulência de sete raças de PoTl á cultivares de braquiária. Houve variação na patogenicidade e virulência das espécies de Pyricularia e raças de PoTl em diferentes cultivares de braquiária. As cultivares Ipyporã, BRS Tupi e Xaraés foram as mais resistentes às diferentes espécies de patógenos da brusone, e raças de PoTl. Portanto, recomenda-se o cultivo dessas variedades em áreas adjacentes às de trigo ou na integração lavoura-pecuária. 5 gramíneas brusone espigas spp. spp PoT1, PoT1 PoT , (PoT1) P pennisetigena grisea Ipyporã Portanto recomendase recomenda se lavourapecuária. lavourapecuária lavoura pecuária. pecuária lavoura-pecuária (PoT1 (PoT

ABSTRACT Seaweed extract-based fertilizers are applied to mitigate the effects of stress on plants. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different concentrations of seaweed extract-based fertilizer and different irrigation depths on potato crops. The Ágata cultivar and the Markies cultivar were used to conduct two experiments simultaneously. A 4 × 4 experimental design was used, with four doses of seaweed extract-based fertilizer (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 4.0 L ha-1) and four irrigation depths (50%, 75%, 100%, and 125% of crop evapotranspiration); each treatment had three replicates. Leaves were collected 67 days after emergence to analyze macronutrients and micronutrients; additionally, the number of stems per plant and physiological variables were assessed. After harvesting, the number and weight of tubers in different classes were recorded. The differences in parameters among treatment groups were determined by analysis of variance using the F-test, and regression analysis was performed when a significant difference was recorded. The results showed that the contents of potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium in the leaves of the Ágata cultivar were below the optimal levels for the crop, irrespective of the irrigation level and the dose of seaweed extract-based fertilizer applied. The highest irrigation depths at 100% and 125% of crop evapotranspiration were associated with an increase in the number and weight of the large tubers of the Ágata and Markies cultivars. extractbased extract based plants study crops simultaneously 0, 0 (0 05 5 0.5 10 1 1.0 40 4. ha1 ha ha-1 50%, 50 (50% 75 75% 100 125 evapotranspiration) replicates 6 micronutrients additionally assessed harvesting recorded Ftest, Ftest F test, test F-test potassium phosphorus magnesium cultivars ( 0. 1. ha- 50% (50 7 12 (5

RESUMO Para mitigar os efeitos do estresse nas plantas, têm sido aplicados fertilizantes foliares à base de extrato de algas marinhas. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de fertilizante à base de extrato de algas marinhas e lâminas de irrigação na cultura da batata. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos simultaneamente, um com a cultivar Ágata e outro com a cultivar Markies. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi 4 × 4, com quatro doses de fertilizante à base de extrato de algas marinhas (0; 0,5; 1,0 e 4,0 L ha-1) e quatro lâminas de irrigação (50%, 75%, 100% e 125% da evapotranspiração da cultura), com três repetições. Aos 67 dias após a emergência foram coletadas folhas para análise de macro e micronutrientes e, também avaliaram-se: número de hastes por planta e variáveis fisiológicas. Após a colheita, avaliaram-se: número e peso dos tubérculos de diferentes classes. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância por meio do teste F e análise de regressão foi realizada quando houve diferença significativa. Os teores de potássio, fósforo, magnésio e cálcio nas folhas da cultivar Ágata ficaram abaixo dos níveis ótimos para a cultura, independente do nível de irrigação e da da dose de fertilizante aplicado. O fertilizante reduziu os efeitos do estresse hídrico, aumentando a eficiência fotoquímica das plantas de batata Markies. As maiores lâminas de irrigação em 100% e 125% da evapotranspiração da cultura levaram ao aumento do número e peso de tubérculos grandes para as cultivares Ágata e Markies. Objetivouse Objetivou se simultaneamente Markies 0 (0 0,5 05 5 10 1 1, 40 ha1 ha ha-1 50%, 50 (50% 75 75% 100 125 , cultura) repetições 6 avaliaramse avaliaram avaliaram-se fisiológicas colheita classes significativa potássio fósforo aplicado hídrico ( 0, ha- 50% (50 7 12 (5

ABSTRACT: Escherichia coli is recognized as one of the main microorganisms responsible for triggering clinical mastitis, a disease that causes considerable economic losses in the dairy industry. In this context, this study aimed to identify E. coli isolates present in individual milk samples collected from cows diagnosed with clinical mastitis from various regions of Brazil. Additionally, through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the presence of virulence genes eae, bfpB, escN, aatA, aggR, ipaH, stx1, stx2, est, and eltA was investigated; all associated with the pathotypes of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). As an integral part of the study, a comprehensive assessment of the sensitivity profile of the isolates to 11 different antimicrobials widely used in mastitis treatment was also conducted. A total of 198 milk samples were collected from cows diagnosed with clinical mastitis. Among these samples, 12 isolates (6.07%) demonstrated bacterial growth greater than three Colony-Forming Units (CFU) when grown on MacConkey agar medium and morphological characteristics of E. coli. The disc-diffusion test was used to evaluate the susceptibility of these isolates to antimicrobials, and the most predominant resistance was observed concerning streptomycin and tetracycline, affecting 16.67% of the strains analyzed. Notably, all isolates investigated did not demonstrate the presence of the genes eae, aatA, aggR, ipaH, stx1, stx2, est, and eltA. These results indicate that these isolates do not fit the pathotypes known as diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). However, one of the isolates tested was positive for the bfpB and escN genes. The detection of resistant E. coli associated with clinical mastitis points to possible gaps in the treatment of the disease. Additionally, the presence of resistance genes in E. coli strains indicates the potential to transmit these genes between animals and, perhaps, along the food chain. ABSTRACT industry context E Brazil Additionally PCR, PCR , (PCR) eae aatA aggR ipaH stx1 stx stx2 est DEC. DEC . (DEC) 1 conducted 19 6.07% 607 6 07 (6.07% ColonyForming Colony Forming CFU (CFU discdiffusion disc diffusion tetracycline 1667 16 67 16.67 analyzed Notably However perhaps (PCR (DEC 6.07 60 0 (6.07 166 16.6 6.0 (6.0 16. 6. (6. (6 (

RESUMO: Escherichia coli é reconhecida como um dos principais microrganismos responsáveis pelo desencadeamento da mastite clínica, doença que causa perdas econômicas consideráveis na indústria de laticínios. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo principal a identificação de isolados de E. coli presentes em amostras individuais de leite coletadas de vacas com diagnóstico de mastite clínica, de diversas regiões do Brasil. Adicionalmente, por reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR), foi investigada a presença dos genes de virulência eae, bfpB, escN, aatA, aggR, ipaH, stx1, stx2, est e eltA, todos associados aos patótipos de E. coli diarreiogênica (DEC). Como parte integrante do estudo, foi realizada uma avaliação abrangente do perfil de sensibilidade dos isolados a 11 antimicrobianos diferentes amplamente utilizados no tratamento da mastite. Foram coletadas 198 amostras de leite de vacas com diagnóstico de mastite clínica. Dentre essas amostras, 12 isolados (6,07%) demonstraram crescimento bacteriano superior a três Unidades Formadoras de Colônia (UFC) quando cultivadas em meio ágar MacConkey e características morfológicas de E. coli. Para avaliar a suscetibilidade desses isolados aos antimicrobianos foi utilizado o teste de disco-difusão, sendo observada a resistência mais predominante em relação à estreptomicina e à tetraciclina, afetando 16,67% das cepas analisadas. É relevante ressaltar que todos os isolados investigados não demonstraram a presença dos genes eae, aatA, aggR, ipaH, stx1, stx2, est e eltA. Estes resultados indicam que estes isolados não se enquadram nos patótipos conhecidos como Escherichia coli diarreiogénica (DEC). Porém, um dos isolados testados apresentou positividade para os genes bfpB e escN. A detecção de E. coli resistente associada à mastite clínica aponta para possíveis lacunas no tratamento da doença. Além disso, a presença de genes de resistência em estirpes de E. coli indica a capacidade potencial de transmitir estes genes entre animais e talvez ao longo da cadeia alimentar. RESUMO laticínios contexto E Brasil Adicionalmente PCR, PCR , (PCR) eae escN aatA aggR ipaH stx1 stx stx2 eltA DEC. DEC . (DEC) 1 19 6,07% 607 6 07 (6,07% UFC (UFC discodifusão, discodifusão disco difusão, difusão disco-difusão tetraciclina 1667 16 67 16,67 analisadas Porém disso alimentar (PCR (DEC 6,07 60 0 (6,07 166 16,6 6,0 (6,0 16, 6, (6, (6 (

In this work, the support, cashew apple bagasse (CAB), was chemically modified with divinyl sulfone (DVS), and it was evaluated to immobilize Candida antarctica lipase A (CAL-A). The best activation conditions of CAB support were defined by an advanced experimental design using the Taguchi method, assessing five factors at four levels (concentration of DVS, ionic strength, pH, temperature, and time). The support and biocatalyst (CAB-DVS-CAL-A) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, thermogravimetry (TGA), scanning microscopy (SEM), fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and electrophoresis. The optimal conditions to activate the support were DVS concentration of 1.4 mol L-1 (3 mL of DVS in 20 mL of reaction volume), a concentration of sodium bicarbonate buffer at 5 mmol L-1, pH 3.0 at 30 °C for 12 h. The immobilization on CAB-DVS promoted increased thermal stability at 70 °C and different pHs of CAL-A. Therefore, the selected conditions allowed for a catalyst with a catalytic activity of 6.8 U g-1 and more stable than the free enzyme (CAL-A). This demonstrates that pretreated and DVS-activated CAB is a promising support for enzyme immobilization. work CAB, , (CAB) (DVS) CALA. CALA CAL . (CAL-A) method strength temperature time. time time) CABDVSCALA (CAB-DVS-CAL-A FTIR, FTIR (FTIR) analysis TGA, TGA (TGA) SEM, SEM (SEM) XRF (XRF electrophoresis 14 1 4 1. L1 L L- 3 ( 2 volume, volume volume) L1, 1, 0 3. C h CABDVS 7 A. CAL-A Therefore 68 6 8 6. g1 g g- DVSactivated activated (CAB (DVS (CAL-A (FTIR (TGA (SEM

Abstract It is known that several animals are sensitive to magnetic fields. Magnetoreception in animals is the ability to sense the geomagnetic field of the Earth and to use their vectorial properties for navigation and terrestrial location. Animals can also show magneto-sensitivity, unrelated to navigation and show changes in behavior during the application of magnetic fields. The aim of the present study was to analyze the behavior of the shrimp Litopennaeus vannamei under the presence of artificial magnetic fields of different intensities under laboratory conditions. Shrimps were chosen because of their economic importance and because they have been neglected in the study of magneto-sensitivity in animals. The laboratory experiments were performed with the use of a pair of circular coils and four aquariums (three treatments and a control, with 20 shrimps each). Our results show for the first time that L. vannamei shrimps are magneto-sensitive, showing a preference to swim against the magnetic field lines direction as is done by magnetotactic bacteria from the Southern Hemisphere. Also, it was observed that the shrimps remain still after the application of magnetic field intensities from 44 to 237 µT, which could be useful for maintaining shrimps in their captive areas. location magnetosensitivity, magnetosensitivity magneto sensitivity, sensitivity conditions three control 2 each. each . each) L magnetosensitive, magnetosensitive sensitive, magneto-sensitive Hemisphere Also 4 23 µT areas