Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder and its possible correlations with clinical characteristics in patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome in a single center in Brazil. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study examined 53 children with the diagnosis of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome prior to an autism spectrum disorder assessment. Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of autism spectrum disorder. Available variables (sex, medications, median age at onset of infantile epileptic spasms syndrome, and presence of comorbidities) were compared using Mann-Whitney U or chi-square tests. Results Among the included patients, 12 (23 %) were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, corresponding to a relative risk of 0.29 (95 % confidence interval 0.174-0.492). The age at the first seizure ranged from 3 to 15 months, with a mean of 6.65 months. This age significantly differed between participants with autism spectrum disorder (10.58 months) and those without (5.43 months), p<0.001. Conclusion Children with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome have a higher risk of being diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Later age of onset and period of spasm occurrence might be predisposing risk factors. Brazil crosssectional cross sectional 5 assessment sex, sex (sex medications comorbidities MannWhitney Mann Whitney chisquare chi square tests 1 23 (2 029 0 29 0.2 95 (9 0.1740.492. 01740492 0.174 0.492 . 174 492 0.174-0.492) months 665 6 65 6.6 10.58 1058 10 58 (10.5 5.43 543 43 (5.4 , p0001 p 001 p<0.001 factors 2 ( 02 0. 9 1740 0.1740.492 0174049 0174 0.17 0492 0.49 17 49 0.174-0.492 66 6. 10.5 105 (10. 5.4 54 4 (5. p000 00 p<0.00 0.1740.49 017404 017 0.1 049 0.4 0.174-0.49 10. (10 5. (5 p00 p<0.0 0.1740.4 01740 01 04 0.174-0.4 (1 p0 p<0. 0.1740. 0.174-0. p<0 0.1740 0.174-0 p< 0.174-

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) continuam a ser a principal causa de mortalidade em todo o mundo. A adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso é uma questão importante no manejo das DCV crônicas, influenciando diretamente os resultados e os custos com saúde. Objetivos: Esta revisão sistemática, apoiada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, avalia o impacto da baixa adesão aos medicamentos cardiovasculares em desfechos clínicos críticos, como morte e eventos cardiovasculares. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca abrangente em quatro bases de dados, incluindo Medline, Embase, Lilacs e Cochrane Library. A revisão incluiu revisões sistemáticas com meta-análises que relataram estimativas de risco para a adesão aos medicamentos cardiovasculares. Foram selecionadas quatro revisões sistemáticas, cada uma incorporando estudos observacionais. Resultados: Os principais achados indicam que um aumento na adesão aos medicamentos reduz significativamente o risco de eventos cardiovasculares, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e morte por todas as causas. Especificamente, uma melhoria de 20% na adesão a medicamentos antihipertensivos, hipolipemiantes e outros medicamentos cardiovasculares correlacionou-se com reduções nos eventos cardiovasculares de 7%, 10% e 9%, respectivamente; AVC de 17%, 13% e 18%; e morte de 12%, 9% e 10%. A certeza das evidências foi moderada, sugerindo que esses efeitos provavelmente estão presentes. Esses achados enfatizam a importância de melhorar a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso para aprimorar os resultados clínicos no manejo das DCV. Conclusões: As evidências demonstraram reduções em desfechos duros tanto na prevenção primária quanto secundária através do controle de condições como hipertensão e concentrações elevadas de colesterol LDL, bem como os benefícios da terapia antiplaquetária em doenças ateroscleróticas. No entanto, são necessários estudos adicionais para elucidar melhor a relação entre a adesão aos medicamentos cardiovasculares e a melhoria dos desfechos clínicos críticos.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Medication adherence is an important issue in managing chronic CVD, directly influencing outcomes and healthcare costs. Objectives: This systematic review, supported by the Brazilian Society of Cardiology, evaluates the impact of poor adherence to cardiovascular medications on critical clinical outcomes such as death and cardiovascular events. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across four databases, including Medline, Embase, Lilacs, and the Cochrane Library. The review included systematic reviews with meta-analyses that reported risk estimates for adherence to cardiovascular medications. Four systematic reviews, each incorporating observational studies, were selected. Results: The principal findings indicate that an increase in adherence to medications significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular events, stroke, and all-cause death. Specifically, a 20% improvement in adherence to antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and other cardiovascular medications correlated with reductions in cardiovascular events by 7%, 10%, and 9%, respectively; stroke by 17%, 13%, and 18%; and death by 12%, 9%, and 10%. The certainty of the evidence was moderate, suggesting that these effects are likely present. These findings emphasize the importance of enhancing medication adherence to improve clinical outcomes in CVD management. Conclusions: Evidence has demonstrated reductions in hard endpoints in both primary and secondary prevention through the control of conditions such as hypertension and elevated LDL cholesterol concentrations, as well as the benefits of antiplatelet therapy in atherosclerotic disease. However, additional studies are needed to better elucidate the relationship between adherence to cardiovascular medications and the improvement of critical clinical outcomes.

RESUMO Neste artigo nos propomos a pensar a implantação do SIAT II Acolher Helvétia, durante a chamada Operação Caronte, como parte de uma lógica de atuação governamental na Cracolândia explicitada pela primeira vez na operação Dor e Sofrimento. Ancorados na experiência pregressa dos autores em pesquisas de campo na região, realizamos uma ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e documental que nos permitiu verificar que as ações dos governos estadual e municipal passaram a assumir um caráter militarizado de dispersão e concentração dos usuários de crack. No intuito inicial de ocupar serviços públicos subutilizados, essas ações acabaram por estabelecer ali uma situação de guerra generalizada. Concluímos que as ações do município e do governo do estado em torno da Operação Caronte mantiveram a principal tendência da atuação governamental na Cracolândia: a de tornar insuportáveis as condições de vida nas ruas e, ao provocar dor e sofrimento, expulsar os usuários de crack pela imposição do tratamento baseado na abstinência. Helvétia Sofrimento região subutilizados generalizada sofrimento abstinência

ABSTRACT In this article, we propose to think about the implementation of SIAT II Acolher Helvétia, during the so-called Operation Caronte, as part of a logic of government action in Cracolândia explained by the first time in Operation Dor e Sofrimento. Anchored in the authors’ previous experience in field research in the region, we carried out an extensive bibliographical and documentary research that allowed us to verify that the actions of state and municipal governments began to assume a militarized character of dispersion and concentration of crack users. With the initial intention of occupying underutilized public services, these actions ended up establishing a situation of generalized war there. We conclude that the actions of the municipality and state government around Operation Caronte maintained the main tendency of government action in Cracolândia: to make living conditions on the streets unbearable and, by causing pain and suffering, expel crack users by imposing abstinence-based treatment. article Helvétia socalled so called Sofrimento authors region services there suffering abstinencebased abstinence based treatment

Resumen El uso de toxina botulínica (BTX) representa un enfoque eficaz y seguro para el tratamiento de las sonrisas gingivales, reduciendo la exposición excesiva de las encías durante la sonrisa. Este procedimiento mínimamente invasivo puede producir resultados estéticos notables y contribuir a aumentar la confianza del paciente en sí mismo. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar el caso clínico de una paciente que se sometió a un tratamiento para corregir una sonrisa gingival. Se trata de una paciente de 21 años con una exposición gingival excesiva (5mm al sonreír) que solicitó tratamiento odontológico. El origen de su sonrisa gingival era mixto y el tratamiento consistió en la aplicación de 6 unidades de BTX tipo A en tres puntos concretos de la cara. No se observaron complicaciones durante los tres meses de seguimiento. Basándonos en el informe del caso, se puede concluir que la aplicación de BTX para el tratamiento de la sonrisa gingival demostró ser eficaz, segura y cómoda en términos de recuperación. El enfoque de BTX para la corrección de la sonrisa gingival se considera seguro y de fácil recuperación, y produce resultados satisfactorios que contribuyen a mejorar la estética y el bienestar del paciente.

Abstract The use of botulinum toxin (BTX) represents an effective and safe approach in treating the gummy smile, reducing excessive gum exposure during smiling. This minimally invasive procedure can yield remarkable aesthetic results and contribute to an increase in the patient's self-confidence. The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of a female patient undergoing treatment to correct a gummy smile. The case study involves a 21-year-old patient with excessive gum exposure (5mm when smiling) who sought dental treatment. The origin of her gummy smile was mixed, and the treatment involved the application of 6 units of BTX type A at three specific points on the face. No complications were observed during the three-month follow-up period. Based on the case report, it can be concluded that BTX application for gummy smile treatment proved to be effective, safe, and comfortable in terms of recovery. The BTX approach to correcting a gummy smile is considered safe and entails straightforward recovery, producing satisfactory results that contribute to the improvement of aesthetics and the patient's well-being.

ABSTRACT: In Brazil, certain studies have been performed on the exposure to global occupational noise levels when mechanized equipment is used in coffee-growing. However, these did not indicate the behavior within a frequency spectrum (Hz) by octave bands. The objective of this study was to assess the sound pressure levels of the brush, mower, and atomizer attached to a tractor under actual operating conditions by using 1/1 octave band filters. Quantitative assessments were performed with the mower, brush, and atomizer attached to the MF 275 tractor under two conditions: operative and static. The noise levels obtained under actual operating conditions were determined using a DOS 1000 noise dosimeter and an octave band filter. The static condition assessments were performed inside and outside the coffee plantation using a Hikari HDB 900 digital sound level meter. The NR 15 and NHO 01 standards were used to analyze the data. Under operative and static conditions, the tractor units showed noise levels above the exposure limit of 85 dB (A) for an 8h working day. The assessment of the frequency spectrum revealed the highest noise levels to be in the 125-1000 Hz range. ABSTRACT Brazil coffeegrowing. coffeegrowing growing. growing coffee-growing However (Hz bands brush mower 11 1 1/ filters 27 100 filter 90 meter 0 data 8 A (A h day 1251000 125 125-100 range 2 10 9 125100 12 125-10 12510 125-1 1251 125-

RESUMO: No Brasil, alguns estudos têm sido realizados sobre exposição a níveis de ruído ocupacional global na utilização de conjuntos mecanizados na cafeicultura, não apontando o comportamento dentro de um espectro de frequência (Hz) por bandas de oitava. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o nível de pressão sonora dos implementos trincha, roçadora e pulverizador acoplados ao trator em condições reais de operação por filtros de banda de 1/1 oitava. As avaliações quantitativas foram realizadas com os implementos roçadora, trincha e pulverizador acoplados ao trator MF 275 em duas condições: operação e estático. Os níveis de ruído obtidos em condições reais de operação foram determinados com dosímetro de ruído DOS 1000 e filtro de banda de oitava. Já as avaliações em condição estática dentro e fora da lavoura cafeeira ocorreram por meio da utilização de sonômetro digital Hikari HDB 900. Foram utilizadas as normativas NR 15 e NHO 01 para análise dos dados. Em condições de operação e estático, todos os conjuntos tratorizados apresentaram níveis de ruído superiores ao limite de exposição de 85 dB (A) para uma jornada de trabalho de oito horas. A avaliação do espectro de frequência apontou que os maiores níveis de ruído foram encontrados no intervalo de 125 a 1000 Hz. RESUMO Brasil cafeicultura Hz (Hz oitava 11 1 1/ 27 estático 100 900 0 dados 8 (A horas 12 2 10 90 9

Effective clinical interventions to engage in new habits remain a challenge despite intense research. One such strategy is to include the environmental issue of plastic packaging from ultra-processed food in nutrition recommendations. It expands the notion of health, contributing to engaging in healthy eating behaviors, in addition to being an ethical practice for health professionals. It brings co-benefits for both the environment and individual health through motivational incentives of less individual pollution, contributing to healthier food systems. Primary health professionals should be prepared to deal with risks of plastics and waste reduction strategies in their practice.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To analyze the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients who survived moderate and severe forms of COVID-19 and the risk factors for LUTS six months after hospitalization. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients were evaluated six months after hospitalization due to COVID-19. LUTS were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score. General health was assessed through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and the EQ5D-L5 scale, which evaluates mobility, ability to perform daily activities, pain and discomfort and completed a self-perception health evaluation. Results: Of 255 participants, 54.1% were men and the median age was 57.3 [44.3 – 66.6] years. Pre-existing comorbidities included diabetes (35.7%), hypertension (54.5%), obesity (30.2%) and physical inactivity (65.5%). One hundred and twenty-four patients (48.6%) had a hospital stay >15 days, 181 (71.0%) were admitted to an ICU and 124 (48.6%) needed mechanical ventilation. Median IPSS was 6 [3-11] and did not differ between genders. Moderate to severe LUTS affected 108 (42.4%) patients (40.6% men and 44.4% women; p=0.610). Nocturia (58.4%) and frequency (45.9%) were the most prevalent symptoms and urgency was the only symptom that affected men (29.0%) and women (44.4%) differently (p=0.013). LUTS impacted the quality of life of 60 (23.5%) patients with women more severely affected (p=0.004). Diabetes, hypertension, and self-perception of worse general health were associated with LUTS. Conclusions: LUTS are highly prevalent and bothersome six months after hospitalization due to COVID-19. Assessment of LUTS may help ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment in these patients. Purpose (LUTS COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 Methods study COVID19. 19. Score EQ5DL5 EQDL EQ5D L5 EQ D L EQ5D-L scale mobility activities selfperception self perception evaluation Results 25 participants 541 54 1 54.1 573 57 3 57. 44.3 443 44 [44. 66.6 666 66 years Preexisting Pre existing 35.7%, 357 35.7% , 35 7 (35.7%) 54.5%, 545 54.5% 5 (54.5%) 30.2% 302 30 2 (30.2% 65.5%. 655 65.5% . 65 (65.5%) twentyfour twenty four 48.6% 486 48 (48.6% 15 >1 days 18 71.0% 710 71 0 (71.0% 12 ventilation 311 11 [3-11 genders 10 42.4% 424 42 4 (42.4% 40.6% 406 40 (40.6 444 44.4 p=0.610. p0610 p p=0.610 610 p=0.610) 58.4% 584 58 (58.4% 45.9% 459 45 9 (45.9% 29.0% 290 29 (29.0% (44.4% p=0.013. p0013 p=0.013 013 (p=0.013) 23.5% 235 23 (23.5% p=0.004. p0004 p=0.004 004 (p=0.004) Diabetes Conclusions COVID1 COVID- DL EQ5DL EQD 54. 44. [44 66. 35.7 (35.7% 54.5 (54.5% 30.2 (30.2 65.5 (65.5% 48.6 (48.6 > 71.0 (71.0 31 [3-1 42.4 (42.4 40.6 (40. p061 p=0.61 61 58.4 (58.4 45.9 (45.9 29.0 (29.0 (44.4 p001 p=0.01 01 (p=0.013 23.5 (23.5 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.004 [4 35. (35.7 (54.5 30. (30. 65. (65.5 48. (48. 71. (71. [3- 42. (42. 40. (40 p06 p=0.6 58. (58. 45. (45. 29. (29. (44. p00 p=0.0 (p=0.01 23. (23. (p=0.00 [ (35. (54. (30 (65. (48 (71 [3 (42 (4 p0 p=0. (58 (45 (29 (44 (p=0.0 (23 (35 (54 (3 (65 (7 ( p=0 (5 (2 (p=0. (6 p= (p=0 (p= (p

Abstract Dentures are used to restore missing teeth and are traditionally fabricated using the lostwax technique. The flasking process is arduous, time-consuming, error-prone, and requires a skilled technician. The development of 3D printing technology has made rapid prototyping of dentures more feasible. This case report describes the functional rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient with complete dentures by a manufacturer-independent workflow with conventional clinical steps combined with computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and 3D printing technology. The result was 3D-printed complete dentures that were fully adapted, economical, and well-accepted by the patient.

Resumo As próteses são usadas para restaurar dentes perdidos e são tradicionalmente fabricadas usando a técnica de cera perdida através da muflagem. O processo de muflagem é trabalhoso, demorado, sujeito a erros e requer um técnico experiente. O desenvolvimento da tecnologia de impressão 3D tornou a prototipagem rápida de próteses uma alternativa viável. Este caso relata a reabilitação funcional de um paciente completamente edêntulo com próteses totais. É descrito o fluxo de trabalho na realização de próteses totais impressas com desenho e execução assistida por computador (CAD-CAM) e um fluxo de trabalho independente do fabricante com etapas clínicas convencionais combinadas com a tecnologia de impressão 3D. O resultado foi uma prótese total 3D totalmente adaptada, económica e bem aceite pelo paciente.

Abstract Contemporary transformations linked to technology, the world of work, unemployment, and the effects of the pandemic in Brazil have been altering territorial dynamics. However, such factors only added to the perverse stability of socio-spatial inequalities in Brazilian cities, particularly in São Paulo. By revealing the current social segregation in a city linked to the flows of global capitalism, the difficulties faced by many in the job and housing market bring scenarios of congestion and difficulties in accessing workplaces and the built environment. In addition to revealing the daily struggle of the majority due to inequality in opportunity and commuting, they indicate the important role of urban mobility, which may come to have a leading role as a public policy. technology work unemployment dynamics However sociospatial socio spatial cities Paulo capitalism environment commuting mobility policy

Resumo As transformações contemporâneas ligadas à tecnologia, ao mundo do trabalho, ao desemprego, e aos efeitos da pandemia de covid-19 no Brasil alteraram as dinâmicas territoriais. Entretanto, tais fatores apenas se acrescentaram à perversa estabilidade das desigualdades socioespaciais nas cidades brasileiras, em particular em São Paulo. As dificuldades de muitas pessoas de inserção no mercado de trabalho e de moradia, ao revelarem a segregação social vigente em uma cidade ligada aos fluxos do capitalismo global, trazem cenários de congestionamento e de dificuldades de acesso aos locais de trabalho e ao ambiente construído. Além de revelar a luta cotidiana majoritária devido à iniquidade das oportunidades e dos deslocamentos, indicam o importante papel da mobilidade urbana que pode vir a assumir protagonismo enquanto política pública. tecnologia desemprego covid19 covid 19 covid-1 territoriais Entretanto brasileiras Paulo moradia global construído deslocamentos pública covid1 1 covid-

Introdução: O ensino em cirurgia deve acompanhar a evolução das técnicas, procedimentos e tecnologia. Desde a década de 90 a videocirurgia vem se desenvolvendo e hoje é a primeira escolha para muitos procedimentos em cirugia geral. Com características diferentes da cirurgia convencional, os residentes treinaram em simuladores para adaptação. A literatura médica mundial já apresenta programas consagrados para treinamento entre eles os Fundamentos da Cirurgia Laparoscópica (FLS). A avaliação das habilidades técnicas cirúrgicas é uma ferramenta importante em programas de residência médica. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto do treinamento através de aquisição de habilidades dos médicos residentes em cirurgia geral antes e após treinamento teórico-prático em videocirurgia utilizando um simulador de baixa fidelidade baseado em exercícios do FLS. Método: Estudar de modo prospectivo a aquisição de habilidades de médicos residentes em cirurgia geral de primeiro e segundo ano (R1 e R2), antes e após realização de treinamento teórico-prático pré-definido. Conclusão: Houve melhora significativa com o treinamento atingindo níveis de conhecimento e aprimoramento semelhantes aos trabalhos da literatura mundial. A melhoria no desempenho dos residentes foi evidente em ambos os grupos da amostra. Aqueles do primeiro ano atingiram a concentração de conhecimento após o treinamento semelhante ao desempenho dos residentes de segundo ano na avaliação inicial, destacando que o treinamento sequenciado realizado equivale a um ano de prática no programa de residência geral de cirurgia

Introduction: Teaching in surgery must follow the evolution of medical techniques, procedures and technology. Since the 90s videosurgery has been developing and nowadays is the gold standard for many procedures in general surgery. As there are different characteristics from conventional surgery, residents need to practice in order to adapt to simulators. The world medical literature has established many training programs among them the Fundaments of laparoscopic Surgery (FLS). Evaluation of surgical technical abilities is a major tool for the residency programs. Objectives: To assess the effect of training acquiring skills of residents at first and second postgraduated level year (PGY1 and PGY2) before and after practice using low fidelity simulator based on tasks from FLS. Methods: A prospective study was conducted to determinate skills acquisition of residents at first and second postgraduated level year l (PGY1 and PGY2) before and after standardized practice using low fidelity simulator. Conclusions: There was a significant improve of the technical abilities reaching levels of improvement. Resident’s performance was evident in the sample groups. First year residents (PGY1) achieved knowledge retention after training similar to the performance of second in the initial assessment, suggesting that the sequenced training carried out is equivalent to one year of practice in the general surgery residency program

Introdução: O ensino em cirurgia convencional foi tradicionalmente baseado no modelo halstediano do “see one, do one and teach one” (veja um, faça um e ensine um); porém, com a bem sucedida propagação da cirurgia videolaparoscópica precisou ser adaptado para um novo modelo do “do many, mentored always” (fazer vários, sempre supervisionado). A nova era da cirurgia demanda treinamento sequencial, com crescente complexidade e repetição supervisionada para adquirir habilidades especificas prévias ao primeiro ato operatório. Objetivo: Desenvolver modelo para ensino e treinamento em videocirurgia com plataforma de baixo custo, fácil execução e baixa fidelidade com tarefas que utilizam materiais sintéticos. Método: Construiu-se com materiais de baixo custo plataforma utilizando apenas placa de madeira, poucos materiais de ferragem (parafuso simples, parafuso com porca tipo borboleta, gancho com rosca), folha de EVA (etileno acetato de vinila), tinta branca para artesanato e caneta hidrográfica. A amostra-teste foi composta por 15 cirurgiões gerais com mais de 10 anos de experiência em videolaparoscopia. Iniciou-se a avaliação com um vídeo explicativo com duração de 20 min. A seguir, cada cirurgião executou 5 tarefas gravadas para posterior análise e pontuação. Mediu-se as habilidades de acordo com a pontuação. Resultados: A plataforma foi útil e eficaz em reproduzir as atividades utilizadas para replicação do programa comparativo do Fundaments of Laparoscopic Surgery. A amostra de cirurgiões atingiu o tempo alvo definido como padrão pelo programa. Conclusão: A plataforma elaborada com materiais de baixo custo é de fácil aquisição, mostrou-se modelo eficaz para treinamento em videocirurgia, de fácil replicabilidade e construção, adaptável a vários modelos de tarefas, e feita com materiais sintéticos.

Introduction: Teaching in conventional surgery has traditionally been based on the Halstedian model of “see one, do one, and teach one”. However, with the widespread success of videolaparoscopic surgery, the teaching method needed to be adapted to a novel “Do many, always mentored” model. The modern era of surgery demands sequential training with progressively increasing complexity and supervised repetition, in order to acquire specific skills prior to the first surgical procedure. Objective: To develop a new experimental teaching and training with low cost and low fidelity platform for laparoscopic surgery&nbsp;using synthetic materials, and simple manufacturing. Method: A platform was built using low-cost materials easily found in hardware stores, consisting of a wooden board and a few hardware materials (threaded bolt, wing nut and bolt, threaded hooks), EVA sheet (ethylene vinylacetat), white crafting paint, and felt-tip pen. The sample consisted of 15 general surgeons with more than 10 years of experience in videolaparoscopy. The evaluation began with an explanatory video lasting 20 min. Next, each surgeon performed 5 recorded tasks for later analysis and scoring. Skills were measured according to the stablished score. Results: The developed platform was useful and capable of reproducing the tasks performed based on the program of Fundaments of Laparoscopic Surgery. All the surgeons of the sample group achieved the target time proposed for the program. Conclusion: Was shown that the proposed platform can be built using easily obtainable and low-cost materials, and it proved to be an effective model for training in laparoscopic surgery, being easy to replicate and construct. Additionally, this platform can be easily adapted to various models of tasks using materials similar to those found in other training programs, that are widely practiced and have been globally validated.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil. Materials and Methods: This study is based on the most recent edition of the course Funding for Research and Innovation in the University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine which was a three-day course with 12 hours of instruction. The course brought together leading experts in the field to comprehensively discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil. Each speaker provided a presentation on a specific topic related to research funding. After the workshop, speakers assembled relevant topics in this manuscript. Results: collaborative research is critical for securing research funding. It optimizes proposal competitiveness, amplifies societal impact, and manages risks effectively. As such, fostering and supporting these collaborations is paramount for both researchers and funding agencies. To maintain the highest integrity in research, investigators involved in these collaborations must disclose any relationships that could potentially influence the outcomes or interpretation of their projects. Conclusions: In Brazil, the mainstay of research funding stems from public entities, with agencies such as CNPq, CAPES, and state bodies like FAPESP, FAPERJ, FAPEMIG and others at the forefront. Concurrently, industry funding offers viable pathways, especially through industry-sponsored studies, investigator-led projects, and collaborative initiatives. The Brazilian funding landscape is further enriched by innovative platforms, including crowdfunding and the contributions of institutions like the Serrapilheira Institute. Internationally, esteemed organizations such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation stand out as potential funders. Objective Brazil Methods threeday three day 1 instruction workshop manuscript Results competitiveness impact effectively projects Conclusions entities CNPq CAPES FAPESP FAPERJ forefront Concurrently pathways industrysponsored sponsored studies investigatorled investigator led initiatives platforms Institute Internationally NIH (NIH funders

Abstract The flotation mechanism of galena with xanthate as the collector is generally explained based on the mixed potential of the pulp, in which an anodic electron transfer reaction from the collector to the mineral is combined with an O2 cathodic reduction. Sodium sulphide, often used as a mineral activator, strongly influences the pulp's mixed potential, and depending on the dosage applied, it can become a galena depressor reagent. In this way, the current study assesses galena flotability in the absence of collector, as well as in the presence of the collector potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) and sodium sulphide. The effect of an extremely cathodic potential was also studied through the addition of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, the effect of different stages in the oxidation of the galena surface on the flotability was investigated. Moreover, the zeta potential was measured and contact angle (wettability) tests were carried out. The contact angle measurements were taken for a distilled water, PAX solution and for a mixture of PAX and sodium sulphide solution on the oxidized and non-oxidized surface of galena. All the results showed that galena could be floated in all the PAX concentrations tested. It was observed that a moderate oxidation in the galena surface may contribute to an improvement of its flotation with PAX. However, extremely anodic and cathodic potentials cause flotability close to zero. The zeta potential results showed that sodium sulphide affected the interaction between PAX and galena. The measurements of the contact angle corroborated the results obtained in the microflotation tests. pulp O reduction activator pulps s applied reagent way (PAX peroxide investigated Moreover wettability (wettability out water nonoxidized non tested However zero

Abstract To date, hydroxyurea is the only effective and safe drug that significantly reduces morbidity and mortality of individuals with Sickle cell disease. Twenty years of real-life experience has demonstrated that hydroxyurea reduces pain attacks, vaso-occlusive events, including acute chest syndrome, the number and duration of hospitalizations and the need for transfusion. The therapeutic success of hydroxyurea is directly linked to access to the drug, the dose used and adherence to treatment which, in part, is correlated to the availability of hydroxyurea. This consensus aims to reduce the number of mandatory exams needed to access the drug, prioritizing the requesting physician's report, without affecting patient safety. date disease reallife real life attacks vasoocclusive vaso occlusive events syndrome transfusion which part physicians physician s report safety

Abstract Background: Methotrexate (MTX) is an alternative treatment for patients with moderate/severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Objective: The authors evaluated the effect of MTX on the cutaneous expression of cytokines and chemokines that are involved in the inflammatory response in adult AD patients who received treatment with methotrexate for 24 weeks. Methods: The authors conducted a prospective single-institution cohort study with 12 adults with moderate/severe AD who received oral MTX (15 mg/wk for 24 wks) and 10 non-atopic matched controls. The comparison was made of skin biopsies of lesional and non-lesional skin, pre- and post MTX treatment. The authors analyzed mean epidermal thickness and expression of IL-31, IL-31RA, OSMR, TSLP, Ki67, IL-4 mRNA, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, TARC, and CCL-22. Results: There was a reduction in mean epidermal thickness (p = 0.021), an increase in IL-31RA expression (immunohistochemistry) in the epidermis (p = 0.016) and a decrease in IL-31 gene expression (p = 0.019) on lesional AD skin post-MTX treatment. No significant changes in the cutaneous expression of the other evaluated markers were identified. Study limitations: Small sample size and limited length of follow-up. Conclusions: Treatment with MTX in adults with moderate/severe AD reduced epidermal hyperplasia and changed the cutaneous expression of inflammatory cytokines and receptors that are mainly related to pruritus, including IL-31 and IL-31RA. Background (MTX moderatesevere moderate severe AD. . (AD) Objective 2 weeks Methods singleinstitution single institution 1 15 (1 mgwk mg wk wks nonatopic non controls nonlesional pre IL31, IL31 IL 31, 31 IL31RA, IL31RA ILRA 31RA, 31RA RA OSMR TSLP Ki67 Ki IL4 4 IL- mRNA IL6, IL6 6, 6 IL-6 IL10, IL10 10, IL-10 TNFα, TNFα TNF α, α TNF-α IFNγ, IFNγ IFN γ, γ IFN-γ TARC CCL22. CCL22 CCL 22. 22 CCL-22 Results p 0.021, 0021 0.021 , 0 021 0.021) immunohistochemistry (immunohistochemistry 0.016 0016 016 IL-3 0.019 0019 019 postMTX identified limitations followup. followup follow up. up follow-up Conclusions pruritus IL31RA. 31RA. (AD ( IL3 3 Ki6 IL1 IL-1 CCL2 CCL-2 002 0.02 02 0.01 001 01 CCL- 00 0.0 0.