ABSTRACT The use of Bacillus sp. mitigates salt stress and increases the productive yield in soybean plants. In this context, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the production of soybean grown under different forms of fertilization and salt stress, inoculated with Bacillus sp. The experiment was performed in the experimental area of the University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB), Redenção, Ceará, Brazil. A completely randomized design was used in a 4 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with five replications, corresponding to four forms of fertilization (F1 = 100% of the NPK recommendation; F2 = 50% of the NPK recommendation; F3 = 100% bovine biofertilizer; F4 = organomineral fertilization - 50% NPK + 50% bovine biofertilizer), two electrical conductivities of the irrigation water (ECw - 0.3 and 4.0 dS m-1), with and without inoculation of Bacillus sp. The forms of fertilization organic with 100% of the recommendation through bovine biofertilizer, organomineral fertilization - 50% mineral and 50% organic with bovine biofertilizer, and 50% of the NPK recommendation promote greater productive performance of the soybean crop irrigated with water of lower salinity. Organomineral fertilization - 50% mineral and 50% organic with bovine biofertilizer was more efficient for soybean production, in the absence or presence of Bacillus sp. Salt stress negatively affected the production components of soybean crop under all forms of fertilization. sp plants context AfroBrazilian Afro Brazilian UNILAB, UNILAB , (UNILAB) Redenção Ceará Brazil scheme replications F1 F (F 100 50 biofertilizer) ECw 03 0 3 0. 40 4. m1, m1 m 1 m-1) salinity (UNILAB 10 5 m-1 m-

RESUMO O uso de Bacillus sp. atenua o estresse salino e aumenta o rendimento produtivo em plantas de soja. Neste contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a produção da soja cultivada sob diferentes formas de adubação e estresse salino, inoculada com Bacillus sp. O experimento foi realizado na área experimental da Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB), Redenção, Ceará. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 x 2, com cinco repetições, correspondente a quatro formas de adubação (F1 = 100% da recomendação de NPK; F2 = 50% da recomendação de NPK; F3 = 100% de biofertilizante bovino; F4 = organomineral - 50% de NPK + 50% de biofertilizante bovino), duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (CEa - 0,3 e 4,0 dS m-1), com e sem inoculação de Bacillus sp. As formas de adubação orgânica com 100% da recomendação através de biofertilizante bovino, adubação organomineral - 50% mineral e 50% orgânica com biofertilizante bovino e 50% da recomendação de NPK, proporcionam maior desempenho produtivo da cultura soja irrigada com água de menor salinidade. A adubação organomineral - 50% mineral e 50% orgânica com biofertilizante bovino, foi mais eficiente para produção da cultura da soja, na ausência ou presença de Bacillus sp. O estresse salino afetou negativamente os componentes de produção da cultura da soja em todas as formas de adubação. sp contexto AfroBrasileira Afro Brasileira UNILAB, UNILAB , (UNILAB) Redenção Ceará Utilizouse Utilizou se repetições F1 F (F 100 50 bovino) CEa 03 0 3 0, 40 4, m1, m1 m 1 m-1) salinidade (UNILAB 10 5 m-1 m-

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil. Materials and Methods: This study is based on the most recent edition of the course Funding for Research and Innovation in the University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine which was a three-day course with 12 hours of instruction. The course brought together leading experts in the field to comprehensively discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil. Each speaker provided a presentation on a specific topic related to research funding. After the workshop, speakers assembled relevant topics in this manuscript. Results: collaborative research is critical for securing research funding. It optimizes proposal competitiveness, amplifies societal impact, and manages risks effectively. As such, fostering and supporting these collaborations is paramount for both researchers and funding agencies. To maintain the highest integrity in research, investigators involved in these collaborations must disclose any relationships that could potentially influence the outcomes or interpretation of their projects. Conclusions: In Brazil, the mainstay of research funding stems from public entities, with agencies such as CNPq, CAPES, and state bodies like FAPESP, FAPERJ, FAPEMIG and others at the forefront. Concurrently, industry funding offers viable pathways, especially through industry-sponsored studies, investigator-led projects, and collaborative initiatives. The Brazilian funding landscape is further enriched by innovative platforms, including crowdfunding and the contributions of institutions like the Serrapilheira Institute. Internationally, esteemed organizations such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation stand out as potential funders. Objective Brazil Methods threeday three day 1 instruction workshop manuscript Results competitiveness impact effectively projects Conclusions entities CNPq CAPES FAPESP FAPERJ forefront Concurrently pathways industrysponsored sponsored studies investigatorled investigator led initiatives platforms Institute Internationally NIH (NIH funders

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to describe the constant drying flux stage, as well as obtaining the critical moisture content during the convective drying of jambu leaf paste crushed under different conditions and characterizing the physical properties of the material after drying. Drying was carried out in an air circulation oven at a speed of 1.0 m s-1 and temperatures of 60, 70 and 80 ºC and layer thicknesses of 0.005 and 0.01 m. To determine the constant rate stage, the mass fluxes and the drying rate were calculated. Segmented polynomials were used to estimate the critical moisture content. Under the analyzed conditions, a typical drying behavior was found, demonstrating the existence of a significant period of constant drying rate for the mass of ground jambu leaves. Critical moisture content as a function of thickness and temperature did not show a trend. The material showed favorable physical characteristics, such as high solubility and cohesiveness, free flow, and good wettability, characteristics that add value to the raw material and for the availability of a new product to the market in the condition of packaging. stage 10 1 0 1. s1 s s- 60 7 8 0005 005 0.00 001 01 0.0 calculated found leaves trend cohesiveness flow wettability packaging 6 000 00 0.

RESUMO Neste estudo objetivou-se descrever o estágio de fluxo de secagem constante, bem como obter o teor de água crítico durante a secagem convectiva da pasta de folhas de jambu trituradas em diferentes condições e caracterizar as propriedades físicas do material após a secagem. A secagem foi realizada em estufa de circulação de ar com velocidade de 1,0 m s-1 nas temperaturas de 60, 70 e 80 ºC e espessuras da camada de 0,005 e 0,01 m. Para a determinação do estágio de taxa constante, foram calculados os fluxos de massa e a taxa de secagem. Os polinômios segmentados foram utilizados para estimar o teor de água crítico. Nas condições analisadas houve um comportamento típico de secagem, demonstrando a existência de um expressivo período de taxa constante de secagem para a pasta de folhas de jambu trituradas. Os teores de água críticos em função da espessura e temperatura não apresentaram uma tendência. O material apresentou características físicas favoráveis, como alta solubilidade e coesividade, escoamento livre e boa molhabilidade, características que agregam valor à matéria-prima e para a disponibilização de um novo produto ao mercado em condição de acondicionamento. objetivouse objetivou se 10 1 0 1, s1 s s- 60 7 8 0005 005 0,00 001 01 0,0 tendência favoráveis coesividade molhabilidade matériaprima matéria prima acondicionamento 6 000 00 0,

Abstract Background: The European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend an LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) < 55 mg/dL for patients with established cardiovascular disease. While the Friedewald equation to estimate LDL-C is still widely used, the newer Martin-Hopkins equation has shown greater accuracy. Objectives: We aimed to assess: A) the proportion of patients reaching LDL-C goal and the therapies used in a tertiary center; B) the impact of using the Martin-Hopkins method instead of Friedewald’s on the proportion of controlled patients. Methods: A single-center cross-sectional study including consecutive post-myocardial infarction patients followed by 20 cardiologists in a tertiary hospital. Data was collected retrospectively from clinical appointments that took place after April 2022. For each patient, the LDL-C levels and attainment of goals were estimated from an ambulatory lipid profile using both Friedewald and Martin-Hopkins equations. A two-tailed p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests. Results: Overall, 400 patients were included (aged 67 ± 13 years, 77% male). Using Friedewald’s equation, the median LDL-C under therapy was 64 (50-81) mg/dL, and 31% had LDL-C within goals. High-intensity statins were used in 64% of patients, 37% were on ezetimibe, and 0.5% were under PCSK9 inhibitors. Combination therapy of high-intensity statin + ezetimibe was used in 102 patients (26%). Applying the Martin-Hopkins method would reclassify a total of 31 patients (7.8%). Among those deemed controlled by Friedewald’s equation, 27 (21.6%) would have a Martin-Hopkins’ LDL-C above goals. Conclusions: Less than one-third of post-myocardial infarction patients had LDL-C within the goal. Applying the Martin-Hopkins equation would reclassify one-fifth of presumably controlled patients into the non-controlled group. Background LDLcholesterol LDL cholesterol LDLC C (LDL-C 5 mgdL mg dL disease MartinHopkins Martin Hopkins accuracy Objectives assess center B Friedewalds s Methods singlecenter single crosssectional cross sectional postmyocardial post myocardial 2 hospital 2022 patient equations twotailed two tailed pvalue p value 005 0 05 0.0 tests Results Overall 40 aged 6 1 years 77 male. male . male) 5081 50 81 (50-81 Highintensity High intensity 37 0.5 PCSK inhibitors highintensity high 10 26%. 26 26% (26%) 3 7.8%. 78 7.8% 7 8 (7.8%) 21.6% 216 21 (21.6% Conclusions onethird one third onefifth fifth noncontrolled non group 202 00 0. 4 508 (50-8 (26% 7.8 (7.8% 21.6 (21.6 (50- (26 7. (7.8 21. (21. (50 (2 (7. (21 (5 ( (7

Resumo Fundamento: As diretrizes da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia recomendam um nível de colesterol LDL (LDL-C) < 55 mg/dL para pacientes com doença cardiovascular estabelecida. Embora a fórmula de Friedewald ainda seja amplamente utilizada para estimar o LDL-C, a fórmula mais recente de Martin-Hopkins mostrou maior precisão. Objetivos: Nosso objetivo foi avaliar: A) a proporção de pacientes que atingiram a meta de LDL-C e as terapias utilizadas em um centro terciário; B) o impacto da utilização do método de Martin-Hopkins em vez do método de Friedewald na proporção de pacientes controlados. Métodos: Estudo transversal monocêntrico, incluindo pacientes consecutivos pós-infarto do miocárdio, acompanhados por 20 cardiologistas, em um hospital terciário. Os dados foram coletados retrospectivamente de consultas clínicas realizadas após abril de 2022. Para cada paciente, os níveis de LDL-C e o atingimento das metas foram estimados a partir de um perfil lipídico ambulatorial, utilizando as fórmulas de Friedewald e Martin-Hopkins. Um valor-p bicaudal < 0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo para todos os testes. Resultados: Foram incluídos 400 pacientes (com 67 ± 13 anos, 77% do sexo masculino). Utilizando a fórmula de Friedewald, a mediana de LDL-C sob terapia foi de 64 (50-81) mg/dL, e 31% tinham LDL-C dentro da meta. Estatinas de alta intensidade foram usadas em 64% dos pacientes, 37% estavam em uso de ezetimiba e 0,5% estavam em uso de inibidores de PCSK9. A terapia combinada de estatina de alta intensidade + ezetimiba foi utilizada em 102 pacientes (26%). A aplicação do método de Martin-Hopkins reclassificaria um total de 31 pacientes (7,8%). Entre aqueles considerados controlados pela fórmula de Friedewald, 27 (21,6%) teriam LDL-C estimado por Martin-Hopkins acima da meta. Conclusões: Menos de um terço dos pacientes pós-infarto do miocárdio apresentaram LDL-C dentro da meta. A aplicação da fórmula de Martin-Hopkins reclassificaria um quinto dos pacientes presumivelmente controlados no grupo de pacientes não controlados. Fundamento LDLC C (LDL-C 5 mgdL mg dL estabelecida LDLC, C, MartinHopkins Martin Hopkins precisão Objetivos avaliar terciário B Métodos monocêntrico pósinfarto pós infarto 2 cardiologistas 2022 paciente ambulatorial MartinHopkins. Hopkins. valorp valor p 005 0 05 0,0 testes Resultados 40 6 1 anos 77 masculino. masculino . masculino) 5081 50 81 (50-81 37 0,5 PCSK9 PCSK 10 26%. 26 26% (26%) 3 7,8%. 78 7,8% 7 8 (7,8%) 21,6% 216 21 (21,6% Conclusões 202 00 0, 4 508 (50-8 (26% 7,8 (7,8% 21,6 (21,6 (50- (26 7, (7,8 21, (21, (50 (2 (7, (21 (5 ( (7

To investigate the anthropogenic contamination of the Port of Suape, five surface sediments were collected and subjected to a geochemical characterization based on the determination of environmental biomarkers such as sterols, aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and also metals and arsenic. Sterol analyses point to a moderate level of sewage contamination, while n-alkanes analyses indicated contamination by petroleum in an early stage of biodegradation. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons analyses pointed to a mixture of contributions for the organic matter, which were predominantly found for petrogenic and pyrolytic sources. The quantification of trace metals indicated a low risk to the environment, except for As, which was identified as displaying moderate contamination. During the analysis of all biomarkers, the sediment collected near one of the shipyards was the most affected. These results enable comprehension of the level of contamination in an important Brazilian port and the need to develop remediation policies. Suape sterols arsenic nalkanes n alkanes biodegradation matter sources environment As affected policies

Abstract: In recent times, there has been an environmental pressure to reduce the amount of pesticides applied to crops and, consequently, the crop production costs. Therefore, investments have been made in technologies that could potentially reduce the usage of herbicides on weeds. Among such technologies, Machine Learning approaches are rising in number of applications and potential impact. Therefore, this article aims to identify the main machine learning algorithms used in integrated crop-livestock systems for weed management. Based on a systematic literature review, it was possible to determine where the selected studies were performed and which crop types were mostly used. The main research terms in this study were: "machine learning algorithms" + "weed management" + "integrated crop-livestock system". Although no results were found for the three terms altogether, the combinations involving "weed management" + "integrated crop-livestock system" and "machine learning algorithms" + "weed management" returned a significant number of studies which were subjected to a second layer of refinement by applying an eligibility criteria. The achieved results show that most of the studies were from the United States and from nations in Asia. Machine vision and deep learning were the most used machine learning models, representing 28% and 19% of all cases, respectively. These systems were applied to different practical solutions, the most prevalent being smart sprayers, which allow for a site-specific herbicide application. Abstract times consequently costs Therefore weeds impact croplivestock livestock management review system. system . altogether criteria Asia models 28 19 cases respectively solutions sprayers sitespecific site specific application 2 1

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has infected 630 million people and led to 6.59 million deaths worldwide since its outbreak. To control COVID-19 advance, finding new molecules with potential to inhibit viral spread is pivotal. Papain-like protease (PLpro) is one of the most interesting targets of pharmacological inhibition since it is implicated not only in viral replication but also in modulation of host immune response. Natural products are of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry due to their diverse structure and biological activities. The NuBBEDB (Nuclei of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products Database) is an excellent source of natural products (NPs) from the Brazilian flora. In this study, we performed virtual screening, molecular dynamics, and binding energy analyses of the NuBBEDB library to target severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) papain-like protease (PLpro), the virus’s protease essential for replication. Among the top-ranked molecules, the indole alkaloids raputindoles A, C, and D emerged as potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors, showing significant interactions with the pivotal Beta-Loop-2 (BL2) region, including the catalytic Y268 residue. Notably, raputindole D displayed enhanced stabilization of the BL2 region, while raputindole C exhibited superior overall stability. These in silico findings suggest that raputindoles, especially D, might offer therapeutic value against COVID-19, laying the groundwork for further experimental evaluations. COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 63 659 6 59 6.5 outbreak COVID-1 advance Papainlike Papain like PLpro (PLpro response activities Nuclei Bioassays Database NPs (NPs flora study screening dynamics SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV (SARS-CoV-2 papainlike papain PLpro, , viruss virus s topranked top ranked A SARS-CoV- inhibitors BetaLoop2 BetaLoop Beta Loop Beta-Loop- BL (BL2 region Y Y26 residue Notably stability COVID19, 19, evaluations COVID1 1 (COVID-1 65 5 6. COVID- (SARS-CoV- SARS-CoV Beta-Loop (BL Y2 (COVID- (SARS-CoV (COVID

In the criminal sphere, it is extremely important to identify perpetrators of crimes based on latent fingerprints (invisible to the naked eye) revealed at crime scenes and their corresponding objects. The present work aimed to evaluate four synthetic analogues of curcumin as possible IDL developers, and to compare their results with those of carbon black developer, as well as to reach the most adequate parameters in the use of the LTQ and FT-ICR mass spectrometers with the paper spray ionization (PS) source to study the chemical composition of the endogenous substances contained in the IDL. For this, a 24-1 factorial design was developed, where it was verified that the distance and voltage factors were the most influential for the increase in the response of signals, in the analysis of latent fingerprints by PS. Among the detected substances we can mention around 20 fatty acids, and squalene. Finally, four potential developers, synthetic analogues of curcumin, were compared with carbon black developer. The revelation of latent fingerprints occurred efficiently, allowing the visualization of minutiae, such as bifurcation and end of line, making it possible to classify them, according to the Vucetich Fingerprint Classification System. sphere invisible eye objects developers developer FTICR FT ICR PS (PS this 241 24 1 24- developed signals 2 acids squalene Finally efficiently minutiae line them System

Abstract Producers of fish have been looking for viable alternatives for the management of Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) in confinement systems in order to avoid the harm and subsequent losses caused by parasitic diseases. One alternative used by farmers is pesticides, such as trichlorfon, which has a genotoxic effect. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the changes in gene expression due to the side effects of trichlorfon in tambaqui. Two treatments were used based on LC50-96h of 0.870 mg/L using 30% and 50% trichlorfon with exposure periods of 48, 72 and 96 h. For differential expression of the genes in the liver, real-time PCR was performed for the AChE, GST, CYP2J6, CYP2C8, 18S and GAPDH genes. After 96 h of exposure to trichlorfon, an alteration in the gene expression profile of the antioxidant defense system (GST) of the tambaqui was observed. It was also observed that this organophosphate did not affect the expression of genes related to the isoenzymes that are responsible for the biotransformation of xenobiotics in phase I (2J6 and 2C8) and cholinesterase AChE. It was concluded that the reduction in gene expression of GST suggests a decrease in metabolization capacity in phase II. (tambaqui diseases pesticides effect Thus LC5096h LCh LC50 96h LC 0870 0 870 0.87 mgL mg L 30 50 48 7 9 liver realtime real time AChE CYP2J6 CYPJ CYP J CYP2C8 CYPC C S (GST 2J6 (2J 2C8 II LC5 087 87 0.8 3 5 4 CYP2J CYP2C 2J 2C 08 8 0.

Resumo Os produtores de peixes têm procurado alternativas viáveis para o manejo do Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui) em sistemas de confinamento, para evitar prejuízos causados por doenças parasitárias. Uma alternativa utilizada pelos piscicultores são os pesticidas, como por exemplo o triclorfon, que apresenta efeito genotóxico. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações na expressão gênica sob os efeitos colaterais do triclorfon em peixes. Foram utilizados dois tratamentos baseados na CL50-96h de 0,870 mg/L usando 30% e 50% de triclorfon com períodos de exposição de 48, 72 e 96 horas. Para expressão diferencial dos genes no fígado, foi realizada a PCR em tempo real para os genes AChE, GST, CYP2J6, CYP2C8, 18S e GAPDH. Após 96 h de exposição ao triclorfon, observou-se uma alteração no perfil de expressão gênica do sistema de defesa antioxidante (GST) do tambaqui. Observou-se também que este organofosforado não afetou a expressão dos genes relacionados às isoenzimas responsáveis pela biotransformação de xenobióticos na fase I (2J6 e 2C8) e da colinesterase AChE. Concluiu-se que a redução na expressão gênica da GST sugere uma diminuição na capacidade de metabolização na fase II. tambaqui (tambaqui confinamento parasitárias pesticidas genotóxico forma CL5096h CLh CL50 96h CL 0870 0 870 0,87 mgL mg L 30 50 48 7 9 horas fígado AChE CYP2J6 CYPJ CYP J CYP2C8 CYPC C S GAPDH observouse observou se (GST Observouse Observou 2J6 (2J 2C8 Concluiuse Concluiu II CL5 087 87 0,8 3 5 4 CYP2J CYP2C 2J 2C 08 8 0,

The recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is a worldwide challenge and this is one of the biggest issues debated on 21st century, motivating the participation of governments research institutions and also the private sector in order to develop technologies based on the cleaner production (C + P) concept so that the eco-efficiency of the electronics industry is improved. In this work, the manual dismantling and mechanical processing steps, including grinding, magnetic and electrostatic separations were the procedures employed for this. Subsequently, the physical and chemical printed circuit board (PCB) characterizations was carried out by particle size classification and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy/scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (ICP OES/SEM-EDS) analyses, respectively in order to confirm the release, separation and concentration of metal content. After magnetic separation, the percentages of the magnetic and non-magnetic fractions were 15.18 and 56.70%, respectively. In the magnetic fraction, the concentration of iron, nickel, silver and gold reached 1.26 ± 0.33%, 1.24 ± 0.27%, 650.03 ± 77.60 mg kg-1 and 504.88 ± 18.53 mg kg-1, respectively. In the case of copper, the magnetic fraction had a content of 11.27 ± 1.41%, corresponding to about 50% of the value obtained in the non-magnetic fraction. Hence, iron, nickel, silver and gold were concentrated in the magnetic fraction, while copper was concentrated in the non-magnetic fraction. WEEE (WEEE st century C P ecoefficiency eco efficiency improved work steps grinding Subsequently PCB (PCB spectroscopyscanning scanning microscopyenergy microscopy energy ICP OES/SEMEDS OESSEMEDS OES/SEM EDS OES SEM OES/SEM-EDS analyses release nonmagnetic non 1518 15 18 15.1 5670 56 70 56.70% iron nickel 126 1 26 1.2 033 0 33 0.33% 124 24 027 27 0.27% 65003 650 03 650.0 7760 77 60 77.6 kg1 kg kg- 50488 504 88 504.8 1853 53 18.5 kg1, 1, 1127 11 11.2 141 41 1.41% 50 Hence SEMEDS OESSEM 151 15. 567 5 7 56.70 12 2 1. 3 0.33 02 0.27 6500 65 650. 776 6 77. 5048 8 504. 185 18. 112 11. 14 4 1.41 56.7 0.3 0.2 1.4 56. 0.

No presente trabalho realizamos o experimento de Eratóstenes utilizando a Lua cheia como fonte de luz, ou seja, fizemos o experimento à noite. As medidas foram conduzidas nas cidades de Goiânia-GO e Carolina-MA. Os dados coletados foram interpretados utilizando-se três modelos diferentes: i) o modelo de mesma longitude (o modelo padrão de Eratóstenes); ii) o modelo generalizado para cidades separadas tanto em latitude quanto em longitude; iii) o modelo generalizado acrescido do valor da latitude da cidade mais ao Norte (a cidade de Carolina). Os valores obtidos nos três modelos, R 1 = ( 6,3 ± 0,1 ) × 10 3 k m, R 2 = ( 6,2 ± 0,2 ) × 10 3 k m e R 3 = ( 6,2 ± 0,2 ) × 10 3 k m, estão em pleno acordo com o valor do raio médio volumétrico da Terra, R N A S A = 6,371 × 10 3 k m. Essa comparação mostra a coerência dos modelos bem como a boa qualidade dos dados experimentais. Esperamos que o presente trabalho estimule debates sobre modelos teóricos e implementações experimentais voltados às estimativas de tamanhos e distâncias na Terra e no Sistema Solar. luz seja noite GoiâniaGO Goiânia GO CarolinaMA. CarolinaMA Carolina MA. MA Carolina-MA utilizandose se diferentes i Eratóstenes) ii iii Carolina. . Carolina) 63 6 6, 01 0 0, 62 02 6371 371 6,37 Solar 637 37

In the present work we carried out Eratosthenes’ experiment using the full Moon as light source, in other words, we carried out the experiment at night. The measurements were conducted in the cities of Goiânia-GO and Carolina-MA. The collected data were interpreted using three different models: i) the model with the same longitude (the Eratosthenes’ standard model); ii) the generalized model for cities separated in both latitude and longitude; iii) the generalized model supplemented with the value of the latitude of the northernmost city (the city of Carolina). The values obtained in the three models, R 1 = ( 6.3 ± 0.1 ) × 10 3 k m, R 2 = ( 6.2 ± 0.2 ) × 10 3 k m and R 3 = ( 6.2 ± 0.2 ) × 10 3 k m, are in full agreement with the average volumetric radius of the Earth, R N A S A = 6.371 × 10 3 k m. This comparison shows the coherence of the models as well as the good quality of the experimental data. We hope that this work is going to stimulate debates about theoretical models and experimental implementations aimed to estimate sizes and distances on Earth and in the Solar System. Eratosthenes source words night GoiâniaGO Goiânia GO CarolinaMA. CarolinaMA Carolina MA. MA Carolina-MA i model) ii iii Carolina. . Carolina) 63 6 6. 01 0 0. 62 02 6371 371 6.37 System 637 37

Resumo Este estudo objetivou avaliar os efeitos da temperatura e motilidade embrionária sobre o desenvolvimento esquelético de jacaré-do-pantanal (Caiman yacare). Os ovos foram incubados com 90% de umidade e empregou-se a temperatura de 29°C por 45 dias. Após, para a incubação do Grupo I a temperatura continuou em 29°C, mas associou-se à injeção de 4-aminopiridina (29°C-4AP, n = 15) aplicada nos dias 46, 47, 48 e 49, do Grupo II permaneceu em 29°C (n = 14) e do Grupo III elevou-se para 33°C (n = 14). A movimentação foi mensurada através do monitor digital Egg Buddy® nos dias 30, 35, 42, 49, 56 e 60 dias. Aos 60 dias, os embriões foram eutanasiados e coletadas amostras embrionárias. Na análise estatística não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos para o fator temperatura sobre a motilidade embrionária no desenvolvimento esquelético. Em contraste, a motilidade evidenciou diferença estatística no dia 49 para o Grupo I (P < 0,001) e apresentou maiores proporções de nariz e mão. Esses dados demonstraram pela primeira vez que o aumento na motilidade, induzidos farmacologicamente resultam em divergências fenotípicas na proporção de segmentos anatômicos durante a ontogenia pré-natal, podendo alterar efetivamente a adaptação dos animais em ambientes específicos.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate whether skeletal development of the Pantanal Caiman (Caiman yacare) is similarly influenced by temperature variation and controlled increases in embryo motility. All eggs were incubated at 90% humidity and 29 °C for the first 45 days. Thereafter, the incubation temperature was either maintained at 29 °C and embryos were treated with 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) on days 46, 47, 48, and 49 (Group I, 29 °C 4-AP, n = 15); maintained at 29 °C (n = 14; Group II); or at 33 °C (n = 14, Group III). Embryonic movement was measured using an Egg Buddy® digital monitor on days 30, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 60, at which point embryos were euthanized and samples were collected for analysis. No differences were observed between groups with varying incubation temperatures. In contrast, embryonic motility was greater in embryos treated with 4-AP (P < 0.001) on day 49, and this was associated with higher proportions of snout-vent and hand lengths. This study demonstrates for the first time that pharmacologically induced increases in embryo motility result in phenotypic changes to the proportion of elements during prenatal ontogeny, thereby effectively altering the adaptation of the species to specific environments.

Resumo Em condições de estresse salino, o crescimento das plantas é reduzido, em virtude, do desequilíbrio osmótico, nutricional e oxidativo. Contudo, o ácido salicílico atua na mitigação desse estresse abiótico por promover incremento no crescimento, fotossíntese, metabolismo do nitrogênio, síntese de osmorreguladores e enzimas antioxidantes. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de doses de ácido salicílico sobre o crescimento e alterações fisiológicas de mudas de berinjela sob estresse salino. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, onde os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos ao acaso utilizando uma matriz composta central Box com cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação (CEa) (0,50; 1,08; 2,50; 3,92 e 4,50 dS m-1), associada a cinco doses de ácido salicílico (AS) (0,00; 0,22; 0,75; 1,28 e 1,50 mM), com quatro repetições e cada parcela composta por três plantas. Aos 40 dias após a semeadura, foram determinados a altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar, vazamento de eletrólito, teor relativo de água e massa seca total. A CEa e a aplicação de AS influenciaram no crescimento e nas alterações fisiológicas das mudas de berinjela. O aumento da CEa reduziu o crescimento na ausência de AS. O dano de membrana com o uso de AS manteve-se estável até 3,9 dS m-1 de CEa. O conteúdo relativo de água independentemente da CEa aumentou com 1 mM de SA. O uso de AS na concentração de 1 mM mitigou o efeito deletério da salinidade no crescimento das mudas até 2,50 dS m-1 de CEa.

Abstract Under salt stress conditions, plant growth is reduced due to osmotic, nutritional and oxidative imbalance. However, salicylic acid acts in the mitigation of this abiotic stress by promoting an increase in growth, photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, synthesis of osmoregulators and antioxidant enzymes. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid doses on the growth and physiological changes of eggplant seedlings under salt stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where the treatments were distributed in randomized blocks using a central composite matrix Box with five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (CEw) (0.50; 1.08; 2.50; 3.92 and 4.50 dS m-1), associated with five doses of salicylic acid (SA) (0.00; 0.22; 0.75; 1.28 and 1.50 mM), with four repetitions and each plot composed of three plants. At 40 days after sowing, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, electrolyte leakage, relative water content, and total dry mass were determined. ECw and SA application influenced the growth and physiological changes of eggplant seedlings. Increasing the ECw reduced growth in the absence of SA. Membrane damage with the use of SA remained stable up to 3.9 dS m-1 of ECw. The relative water content independent of the CEw increased with 1.0 mM of SA. The use of SA at the concentration of 1.0 mM mitigated the deleterious effect of salinity on seedling growth up to 2.50 dS m-1 of ECw.

Resumo Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) é amplamente distribuído por todo o ecossistema de cerrado. Os frutos de C. brasiliense são utilizados na alimentação humana e constitui uma importante fonte de renda para muitas comunidades. A perda de habitat provocada pelas mudanças de uso da terra coloca em risco a conservação de C. brasiliense. Insetos sugadores constituem um importante fator ecológico que, potencialmente, afeta o fitness de C. brasiliense em ambientes degradados. Além disso, as metodologias de amostragem de insetos para aplicação em estudos relacionados à conservação de C. brasiliense são pouco desenvolvidas. Neste estudo, o número de insetos sugadores (Hemiptera) e seus predadores foram avaliados em três estratos verticais do dossel de C. brasiliense. A distribuição das espécies sugadoras apresentou estratificação vertical ao longo da estrutura do dossel. O estrato basal do dossel apresentou o maior número de insetos sugadores Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) e Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), e seus predadores Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), aranhas (Araneae) e Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Os predadores distribuíram-se de acordo com a disponibilidade de recursos, ocorrendo em maior número nas partes do dossel com maior abundância de suas presas.

Abstract Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (Malpighiales: Caryocaraceae) trees are widely distributed throughout the Cerrado ecosystem. The fruits of C. brasiliense trees are used by humans for food and as the main income source in many communities. C. brasiliense conservation is seriously threatened due to habitat loss caused by the land-use change. Sucking insects constitute an important ecological driver that potentially impact C. brasiliense survival in degraded environments. In addition, insects sampling methodologies for application in studies related to the conservation of C. brasiliense are poorly developed. In this study, sucking insects (Hemiptera) and their predators were recorded in three vertical strata of Caryocar brasiliense canopies. The distribution of sucking species showed vertical stratification along the canopy structure of C. brasiliense. The basal part of the canopy had the highest numbers of sucking insects Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Bemisia tabaci (Genn. 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and their predators Chrysoperla sp. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae), spiders (Araneae), and Zelus armillatus (Lep. & Servi., 1825) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae). Predators' distribution follows the resource availability and preferred C. brasiliense tree parts with a higher abundance of prey.