Abstract This study aimed to analyze the application of the Phytoplankton Community Index-PCI and Functional Groups-FG in determining the water quality of the Guamá River (Pará, Amazônia, Brazil). Samplings occurred monthly for analyses of phytoplankton and physical and chemical parameters, for two years, at the station where water was collected for human supply consumption. Seasonality influenced electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, dissolved oxygen, transparency, winds, true color, and N-ammoniacal. The ebb tide showed high turbidity and suspended solids. The density varied seasonally with the highest values occurring in September and December (61.1 ind mL-1 and 60.2 ind mL-1, respectively). Chlorophyll-a was more elevated in December (21.0 ± 4.7 µg L-1) and chlorophyll-c higher in relation to clorophyll- b indicated the dominance of diatoms. Functional Group P prevailed in the study months. Through the PCI índex the waters of Guamá River varied from reasonable to excellent and the TSI ranged from oligo to mesotrophic. The use of Functional Groups proved to be a promising tool in the determination of water quality since it covered the most abundant species in the Environment, but the PCI is not adequate to characterize Amazonian white-waters rivers, which have diatoms as the leading dominant group. IndexPCI Index GroupsFG FG Pará, Pará (Pará Amazônia Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) parameters years consumption conductivity solids oxygen transparency winds color Nammoniacal. Nammoniacal N ammoniacal. ammoniacal N-ammoniacal 61.1 611 61 1 (61. mL1 mL mL- 602 60 2 60. mL1, 1, respectively. respectively respectively) Chlorophylla Chlorophyll 21.0 210 21 0 (21. 47 4 7 4. L1 L L-1 chlorophyllc chlorophyll c clorophyll months mesotrophic Environment whitewaters white rivers group 61. 6 (61 21. (21 L- (6 (2 (

RESUMO O Brasil possui mais de 1.800 espécies de aves catalogadas. Quando mantidos em cativeiro, esses animais podem ser susceptíveis a vários tipos de patógenos, inclusive como parasitos gastrointestinais. No entanto, a falta de informações sobre os principais tipos de parasitos que infectam esses animais e as relações parasito-hospedeiro acabam sendo fatores limitantes na manutenção da saúde dessas aves. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever o levantamento de helmintos e protozoários de aves exóticas e silvestres cativas da região Nordeste do Brasil. Para isso, amostras fecais (n = 182 pools) foram coletadas de 656 aves em cativeiro, pertencentes a 9 ordens e a 53 espécies. As análises parasitológicas foram realizadas por técnicas de Mini-FLOTAC®, flotação em sacarose, exame direto e coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen, além da sedimentação por centrifugação. Todos os dados foram analisados usando o software InStat, com um nível de significância definido em P<0,05. Parasitos gastrointestinais foram encontrados em 84,07% (153/182; P<0,0001) das amostras analisadas. Foram identificados 18 tipos de parasitos, sendo os enteroparasitos o mais frequentes: Cryptosporidium sp. (52,28%; P= 0,008), coccídeos não esporulados (41,17%; P= 0,0001), Entamoeba sp. (46,40%; P= 0,0480), Giardia sp. (18,33%; P= 0,0001), Strongyloides sp. (19,60%; P= 0,0001) e Trichostrongylidae (16,33%; P= 0,0001). As aves de rapina (n=17, 94,44%; P= 0,0004) e os psitaciformes (n=12, 66,67%; P=0,0001) apresentaram os maiores percentuais de infecção por endoparasitos gastrointestinais. 1800 1 800 1.80 catalogadas cativeiro patógenos entanto parasitohospedeiro parasito hospedeiro isso n pools 65 5 MiniFLOTAC®, MiniFLOTAC Mini FLOTAC®, FLOTAC Mini-FLOTAC® sacarose ZiehlNeelsen, ZiehlNeelsen Ziehl Neelsen, Neelsen Ziehl-Neelsen centrifugação InStat P005 P 0 05 P<0,05 8407 84 07 84,07 153/182 153182 153 (153/182 P<0,0001 P00001 0001 analisadas frequentes sp 52,28% 5228 52 28 (52,28% 0,008, 0008 0,008 , 008 0,008) 41,17% 4117 41 17 (41,17% 0,0001, 00001 0,0001 46,40% 4640 46 40 (46,40% 0,0480, 00480 0,0480 0480 0,0480) 18,33% 1833 33 (18,33% 19,60% 1960 19 60 (19,60% 16,33% 1633 16 (16,33% 0,0001. . n=17, n17 (n=17 94,44% 9444 94 44 0,0004 00004 0004 n=12, n12 12 (n=12 66,67% 6667 66 67 P=0,0001 180 80 1.8 6 MiniFLOTAC® FLOTAC® Mini-FLOTAC P00 P<0,0 840 8 84,0 153/18 15318 15 (153/18 P<0,000 P0000 000 52,28 522 2 (52,28 0,00 00 41,17 411 4 (41,17 0000 0,000 46,40 464 (46,40 0048 0,048 048 18,33 183 3 (18,33 19,60 196 (19,60 16,33 163 (16,33 n=17 n1 (n=1 94,44 944 n=12 66,67 666 P=0,000 1. P0 P<0, 84, 153/1 1531 (153/1 P<0,00 P000 52,2 (52,2 0,0 41,1 (41,1 46,4 (46,4 004 0,04 04 18,3 (18,3 19,6 (19,6 16,3 (16,3 n=1 (n= 94,4 66,6 P=0,00 P<0 153/ (153/ 52, (52, 0, 41, (41, 46, (46, 18, (18, 19, (19, 16, (16, n= 94, 66, P=0,0 P< (153 (52 (41 (46 (18 (19 (16 P=0, (15 (5 (4 (1 P=0 (

At the end of the 3rd century BC the Greek polymath Eratosthenes of Cyrene made the most famous estimation of the Earth’s perimeter. For this he made use of the fact that the cities of Alexandria and Syene were approximately on the same meridian (same longitude), as well as the fact that on of the summer solstice (in the northern hemisphere) the Sun, at noon, is directly overhead in Syene. In the present work we generalized, in an approximate way, the method of Eratosthenes for the case which the localities are separated both in latitude and longitude. Furthermore, in the proposed model, it is not necessary to have the Sun, at local noon, directly overhead in any city. We carried out three experiments, that is, we worked with three pairs of cities: Goiânia and Juiz de Fora, Goiânia and Maraú and Goiânia and Bragança Paulista. We hope that the article will be used by teachers of Physics, Astronomy, Geography and/or Mathematics. rd Earths Earth s perimeter longitude, longitude , longitude) hemisphere Sun noon generalized way Furthermore model city experiments Fora Paulista Physics Astronomy andor or Mathematics

No final do século III a.C. o polímata grego Eratóstenes de Cirene realizou a mais célebre estimativa do perímetro da Terra. Para tanto ele se valeu do fato de as cidades de Alexandria e Siena estarem aproximadamente no mesmo meridiano (mesma longitude), bem como do fato de no dia do solstício de verão (no hemisfério norte) o Sol, ao meio-dia, estar a pino em Siena. No presente trabalho generalizamos, de forma aproximada, o método de Eratóstenes para o caso em que as localidades estejam separadas tanto em latitude quanto em longitude. Além disso, no modelo proposto, não é necessário Sol a pino ao meio-dia local em nenhuma das duas cidades. Realizamos três experimentos, ou seja, trabalhamos com três pares de cidades: Goiânia e Juiz de Fora, Goiânia e Maraú e Goiânia e Bragança Paulista. Esperamos que o artigo venha a ser utilizado por professores de Física, Astronomia, Geografia e/ou Matemática. aC C a.C Terra mesma longitude, longitude , longitude) norte meiodia, meiodia meio dia, generalizamos aproximada disso proposto experimentos seja Fora Paulista Física Astronomia eou Matemática

RESUMO No presente trabalho, foi avaliado o efeito imunomodulador de diferentes doses de talidomida em macrófagos associados ao tumor (TAMs), em um modelo murino de câncer de mama. Camundongos foram inoculados com células 4T1, na região do flanco esquerdo, e tratados com talidomida, uma vez ao dia, nas doses de 50, 100 e 150mg/k, por massa corporal, do quinto dia ao 28º dia de inoculação tumoral. Os tumores foram medidos, o índice de proliferação celular e a contagem de TAMs foram avaliados nos tumores primários e nos pulmões com metástases. Além disso, a taxa de metástases pulmonares também foi avaliada. A talidomida na dose de 150mg/kg diminuiu significativamente o crescimento tumoral, o índice de proliferação celular e a infiltração de TAMs nos tumores primários. Por outro lado, maior número de TAMs e menor índice de proliferação celular foram observados nos pulmões metastáticos, em camundongos tratados com 150mg/kg de talidomida. Ademais, a talidomida na dose de 150mg/kg diminuiu significativamente os nódulos metastáticos nos pulmões. Os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento com talidomida diminuiu o crescimento tumoral e as metástases pulmonares em camundongos, associado com diferentes efeitos na infiltração de TAMs nesses locais.

ABSTRACT The present work evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of thalidomide (Thal) at different doses on tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) using a mouse model of human breast cancer. Mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells in the left flank and treated with Thal once a day at concentrations of 50, 100, and 150mg/kg body weight from the 5th day until the 28th day of tumor inoculation. The tumors were sized, proliferation index and TAMs count were evaluated in primary tumors and metastatic lungs. In addition, the metastasis rate was evaluated in the lungs. Thal at 150mg/kg significantly decreased tumor growth, proliferation index, and TAMs infiltration in primary tumors. Conversely, a higher number of TAMs and lower proliferation index were observed in metastatic lungs in mice treated with 150mg/kg of Thal. Furthermore, Thal at 150mg/kg significantly decreased the metastatic nodules in the lungs. Our findings demonstrated that Thal treatment considerably decreased the primary tumor and lung metastasis in mice associated with different TAM infiltration effects in these sites.

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and components of the fibrinolytic system, including urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and thrombomodulin (TM), have been implicated in tumor progression. In the present study, we employed cBioPortal platform (http://www.cbioportal.org/), cancer cell lines, and an in vivo model of immunocompromised mice to evaluate a possible cooperation between EGFR signaling, uPA, and TM expression/function in the context of cervical cancer. cBioPortal analysis revealed that EGFR, uPA, and TM are positively correlated in tumor samples of cervical cancer patients, showing a negative prognostic impact. Aggressive human cervical cancer cells (CASKI) presented higher gene expression levels of EGFR, uPA, and TM compared to its less aggressive counterpart (C-33A cells). EGFR induces uPA expression in CASKI cells through both PI3K-Akt and MEK1/2-ERK1/2 downstream effectors, whereas TM expression induced by EGFR was dependent on PI3K/Akt signaling alone. uPA induced cell-morphology modifications and cell migration in an EGFR-dependent and -independent manner, respectively. Finally, treatment with cetuximab reduced in vivo CASKI xenografted-tumor growth in nude mice, and decreased intratumoral uPA expression, while TM expression was unaltered. In conclusion, we showed that EGFR signaling regulated expression of the fibrinolytic system component uPA in both in vitro and in vivo settings, while uPA also participated in cell-morphology modifications and migration in a human cervical cancer model.

The apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene contains several polymorphic sites described as risk modifiers for cardiovascular events. The objective of this study was to verify the association of the classic APOB Xba I polymorphism (rs693) with atherosclerotic risk factors in a segment of the Brazilian elderly population considering their usual dietary intake. Clinical and biochemical characteristics as well as total caloric and fat intake data were determined from 644 elderly individuals. Polymorphism analysis was performed by conventional polymerase chain reaction followed by enzyme restriction. Statistical analyses compared measures and proportions according to different APOB genotypic combinations. Statistically significant association was found between Xba I polymorphism and serum LDL, total cholesterol, and total lipid levels, with important elevations among T homozygotes compared to the other genotypes. There was homogeneity in all other parameters analyzed (including intake pattern), with a tendency for reduced levels of circulating apolipoprotein B among TT individuals. Our results pointed out that genetic variation in APOB affected the lipemic profile of elderly individuals in a context not biased by diet, generating a pattern suggestive of secretory disorder of lipoprotein particles, with possible implication in atherosclerotic risk.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the viability of using a non-invasive digital monitor to monitor heart rate (HR) and motility during the embryonic development of Pantanal alligator (Caiman yacare) using Egg Buddy ® , at different incubation temperatures. The collection of the eggs followed the Ranching system and egg identification, transportation, and incubation were performed with the required care; all eggs were incubated with 90% humidity at 29°C for the first 45 days. Thereafter, the incubation temperature was either maintained at 29°C, increased to 33°C or maintained at 29°C and embryos simultaneously treated with 4-aminopyridine on days 46, 47, 48, and 49 (29°C-4AP). Embryo movement was measured with a digital non-invasive monitor on days 30, 35, 42, 49, 56, and 60, at which point embryos were sacrificed. In the statistical analysis no differences were observed between the groups for the temperature (33°C and 29°C); for motility, a difference was observed at day 49 for the 29°C-4AP group. This revealed that the non-invasive evaluation method can be used to verify embryonic motility and HR effectively in Caiman yacare embryos.

RESUMO As hemorragias podem levar à morte, em caso de não interrupção e recuperação da volemia. A substituição do sangue pode ser realizada por transfusão homóloga ou autóloga. Na transfusão homóloga, o sangue é obtido de um doador, na autotransfusão ou transfusão autóloga, o sangue é coletado do próprio paciente. Objetivou-se relatar a autotransfusão em um cão como um método simples, rápido e barato, e discutir esse procedimento como uma alternativa emergencial para clínicas e hospitais que não possuem bancos de sangue ou animais doadores. Foi atendido um cão Rottweiler fêmea, 42,8kg, 10 anos de idade, com queixa principal de tumor mamário e para realização de castração. Após o procedimento, a paciente apresentou hemoperitônio, sendo encaminhada para novo procedimento cirúrgico, durante o qual se observou grande quantidade de sangue livre na cavidade abdominal. Foi realizada a autotransfusão de emergência, pela técnica das duas seringas, devido à indi1111sponibilidade de sangue ou animal doador no momento do procedimento cirúrgico emergencial, demonstrando ser uma opção eficiente, econômica, de fácil acesso e segura, por ser uma transfusão normotérmica, apresentar diminuição do risco de sobrecarga circulatória e por ser o sangue compatível, devendo ser mais explorada, pois existem poucos dados descritos na literatura.

ABSTRACT Hemorrhages can lead to death in case of non-interruption and recovery of blood volume. Blood replacement may be performed by homologous or autologous transfusion. In homologous transfusion, blood is obtained from a donor, in autotransfusion or autologous transfusion, blood is collected from the patient himself. We aimed to report autotransfusion in a dog as a simple, quick, and inexpensive method, and discuss it as an emergency alternative for clinics and hospitals that do not have blood banks or animal donors. A female Rottweiler dog, 42.8kg, 10 years of age, was treated with a primary complaint of mammary tumor and for castration. After the procedure the patient presented hemoperitoneum, being referred to a new surgical procedure, where a large amount of free blood was observed in the abdominal cavity. The emergency autotransfusion was performed by the two syringes technique, due to the unavailability of blood or donor animal at the time of the emergency surgical procedure, proving to be an efficient, economical, easily accessible and safe option because it is a normothermic transfusion, risk of circulatory overload and blood is compatible. It should be more exploited because there are few data described in the literature.

Non-diabetic individuals use hormones like insulin to improve muscle strength and performance. However, as insulin also leads the liver and the adipose tissue to an anabolic state, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of insulin on liver metabolism in trained non-diabetic Swiss mice. The mice were divided into four groups: sedentary treated with saline (SS) or insulin (SI) and trained treated with saline (TS) or insulin (TI). Training was made in a vertical stair, at 90% of the maximum load, three times per week. Insulin (0.3 U/kg body weight) or saline were given intraperitoneally five times per week. After eight weeks, tissue and blood were collected and in situ liver perfusion with glycerol+lactate or alanine+glutamine (4 mM each) was carried out. The trained animals increased their muscle strength (+100%) and decreased body weight gain (–11%), subcutaneous fat (–42%), mesenteric fat (–45%), and peritoneal adipocyte size (–33%) compared with the sedentary groups. Insulin prevented the adipose effects of training (TI). The gastrocnemius muscle had greater density of muscle fibers (+60%) and less connective tissue in the trained groups. Liver glycogen was increased by insulin (SI +40% and TI +117%), as well as liver basal glucose release (TI +40%). Lactate and pyruvate release were reduced to a half by training. The greater gluconeogenesis from alanine+glutamine induced by training (TS +50%) was reversed by insulin (TI). Insulin administration had no additional effect on muscle strength and reversed some of the lipolytic and gluconeogenic effects of the resistance training. Therefore, insulin administration does not complement training in improving liver glucose metabolism.

Essential oils (EO) are volatile liquids responsible for the aroma of plants. Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have received widespread use in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. For this reason and because Pterodon polygalaeflorus seeds have great EO content, which is frequently pharmacologically active, the present study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of EO from Pterodon polygalaeflorus (EOPPgfl) and its acute toxic effects. The EEOPPgfl sample, which was extracted by steam distillation of the seeds, had a yield of 2.4% of the seeds weight and had, as major constituents, beta-elemene (48.19%), trans-caryophyllene (19.51%), and epi-bicyclosesquiphellandrene (12.24%). The EOPPgfl sample showed mild acute toxicity and its calculated median lethal dose (LD50) was 3.38 g/kg. EOPPgfl (20–60 mg/kg) showed antinociceptive activity as evidenced by several tests and inhibited writhing induced by acetic acid. The maximum effect was obtained with the 30 mg/kg dose and at 60 min after its administration. EOPPgfl also decreased formalin-induced nociception, as verified by the inhibition of the first and second phase of the formalin test. At 30 mg/kg, EOPPgfl also decreased thermally stimulated nociception. Nociception may be related to inflammatory and antiedematogenic activity and at doses ranging 10–100 mg/kg, EOPPgfl blocked dextran- and carrageenan-induced edema. The results demonstrated that EOPPgfl presented, at doses approximately 100 times smaller than LD50, an antinociceptive effect that probably was due to anti-inflammatory activities.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do cruzamento entre ovinos nativos no desempenho e características da carcaça. Foram utilizados vinte cordeiros, machos, inteiros, com idade inicial de quatro meses, e peso médio inicial 19,0±5,11, distribuídos em dois grupos genéticos: Rabo Largo (RL) e Santa Inês x Rabo Largo (F1SI x RL), em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso. Os animais foram terminados em regime de confinamento durante 70 dias. Os cordeiros F1SI x RL apresentaram maiores pesos ao desmame, ao abate, do corpo vazio, das carcaças quente e fria, e maior rendimento biológico. Verificaram maiores valores para os parâmetros de morfometria da carcaça para animais F1SI x RL comparados aos animais Rabo Largo (P<0,05). Os pesos da hemi-carcaça e dos cortes comerciais foram superiores para cordeiros F1SI x RL. Nas medidas obtidas no músculo Longissimus dorsi, os cordeiros Rabo Largo apresentaram valores superiores para espessura de gordura subcutânea. A utilização da raça Santa Inês como base paterna acarreta em melhorias nas características de carcaça de cordeiros Rabo Largo podendo ser indicado em sistemas de produção de carne ovina.

ABSTRACT The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding among native sheep on performance and traits carcass. Twenty intact lambs, male, at four months of age, with an initial weight of 19.0±5.11kg, were distributed in two groups genetics: Rabo Largo (RL) e Santa Inês x Rabo Largo (F1SI x RL), in a completely randomized design. The animals were finished in feedlot by 70 days. The lambs F1SI x RL showed higher weight at weaning, to slaughter, of the empty body, and hot and cold carcass, and increased biological yield. Higher values for carcass morphometry in F1SI x RL animals were found in comparison to Rabo Largo animals (P<0.05). The weight of half-carcass and the commercial cuts were higher for lambs. On the measurements obtained in muscle Longissimus dorsi, Rabo Largo lambs showed higher values for subcutaneous fat thickness. The use of the breed Santa Inês like base paternal may bring in improvements in lambs’s carcass characteristics Rabo Largo and may be recommended in sheep meat production systems.

RESUMO Os principais fatores limitantes do potencial produtivo da cultura do trigo estão relacionados à competição das plantas daninhas por recursos como água, luz e nutrientes. O nitrogênio (N) é importante nutriente utilizado para manter a produtividade das culturas, além de favorecer a habilidade competitiva da cultura e, com isso, suprimir o crescimento das plantas daninhas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da competição de plantas de trigo e azevém sob diferentes níveis de adubação nitrogenada. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial, em que o fator A constituiu-se de doses de nitrogênio (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 kg ha-1) e o fator B, de proporções de plantas de azevém e trigo, as quais foram: 100/0 (estande puro de 64 plantas de trigo), 50/50 (32 plantas de trigo e 32 plantas de azevém) e 0/100 (estande puro de 64 plantas de azevém). A competição entre a cultura e o azevém pelo N acarretou prejuízo mútuo, porém a cultura mostrou maior competitividade do que a planta daninha, independentemente da dose de N. A utilização de doses até 120 kg N ha-1 aumentaram as variáveis avaliadas para o trigo e para o azevém. A competição interespecífica e o nitrogênio nas doses superiores a 120 kg N ha-1 reduziram as variáveis morfológicas massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e área foliar do trigo e do azevém.

ABSTRACT The main limiting factors for the productive potential of wheat crops are related to the competition with weeds for resources such as water, light and nutrients. Nitrogen (N) is an important nutrient used to maintain crop productivity, as well as promoting the competitive ability of crops and therefore suppress the weed growth. In this context, the goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of wheat plants in competition with ryegrass under different levels of nitrogen fertilization. Treatments were arranged in a factorial design, where factor A consisted in nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1) and factor B consisted in ryegrass and wheat plants ratios, which were: 100/0 (pure stand of 64 wheat plants), 50/50 (32 wheat plants and 32 ryegrass plants) and 0/100 (pure stand of 64 ryegrass plants). Competition between the culture and ryegrass by N resulted in mutual damages, but the culture was more competitive than weeds, regardless of the N dose. The use of doses up to 120 kg N ha-1 increased the evaluated variables for wheat and ryegrass. Interspecific competition and nitrogen in higher than 120 kg N ha-1 doses reduced the morphological variables mass of the aerial part dry matter and leaf area of wheat and ryegrass.

O presente trabalho reporta as características clínicas e cirúrgicas de oito casos de cadelas portadoras de leiomioma vaginal, com histórico de aumento de volume na região perineal, aparecimento de massa pela vulva, disquezia, tenesmo e disúria. As pacientes foram submetidas à cirurgia de episiotomia para ressecção da massa neoplásica, e em quatro casos foi necessária a ovariossalpingo-histerectomia. Porém, uma delas apresentou recidiva, e, no segundo procedimento cirúrgico de exérese de neoformação, o histopatológico diagnosticou leiomiossarcoma. A paciente ainda apresentou mais duas recidivas, até o proprietário optar pela eutanásia. Decorridos quatro meses, as sete cadelas diagnosticadas com leiomioma não apresentaram recidiva, e os proprietários relataram ausência de sinais relacionados com a doença descrita. Conclui-se que a episiotomia para ressecção da massa vaginal e a ovariossalpingo-histerectomia nas cadelas inteiras nos casos de tumores vaginais benignos são tratamentos satisfatórios, com bom prognóstico, ao contrário do leiomiossarcoma.

This study reports the clinical and surgical procedures of eight cases of bitches with vaginal leiomyoma. All animals presented increased volume in the perineal region, and exteriorization of the vulva, dyschezia, tenesmus and dysuria. The patients underwent episiotomy surgery for resection of the neoplastic mass, and ovariosalpingohisterectomy in four cases. However, one had recurrence on the second surgical procedure for removal of neoformation, histopathological diagnosed leiomyosarcoma, the patient also had two more relapses, until the owner chose euthanasia. After four months, the seven dogs diagnosed with leiomyoma showed no recurrence and the owners reported no signs of the disease described. We concluded that episiotomy for vaginal mass resection combined with ovariohysterectomy in cases of benign vaginal tumors have shown satisfactory treatment with good prognostic.

O uso de herbicidas, mesmo em culturas consideradas tolerantes, pode gerar estresses, evidenciados pelo aumento dos sintomas de fitotoxidez, o que prejudica o crescimento e desenvolvimento. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de herbicidas de diferentes mecanismos de ação sobre os parâmetros fotossintéticos e do estresse oxidativo, bem como a fitotoxicidade visual e o controle de nabo na cultura do trigo, cultivar Quartzo. Foram realizados dois experimentos: o primeiro avaliou os parâmetros fotossintéticos e do estresse oxidativo em plantas de trigo, em duas épocas de coleta, em função da aplicação dos herbicidas bentazon, clodinafop, iodosulfuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron e 2,4-D; e, o segundo avaliou o controle de nabo (Raphanus sativus), fitotoxicidade e produtividade da cultura do trigo, em função dos herbicidas bentazon, iodosulfuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron e 2,4-D. A taxa fotossintética, condutância estomática e transpiração foram reduzidas pelos herbicidas metribuzin, metsulfuron e 2,4-D, em comparação à testemunha. O estresse oxidativo foi similar ou inferior ao da testemunha quando aplicados herbicidas e, em geral, não houve diferença entre épocas de coletas. A peroxidação lipídica, atividade da catalase e fenóis foram maiores na primeira época de coleta. A aplicação dos herbicidas iodosulfuron e 2,4-D reduz o conteúdo de clorofilas e carotenoides em trigo. Os herbicidas bentazon, iodosulfuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron e 2,4-D são seletivos a cultivar de trigo Quartzo, não modificando a produtividade de grãos, enquanto que 2,4-D, metribuzin e iodosulfuron são mais eficientes no controle de nabo.

The use of herbicides, even in tolerant crops, can cause stress evidenced by increase phytotoxicity affecting growth and development. The objectives of this study were to evaluate herbicides effect from different mechanisms of action in photosynthetic and oxidative stress parameters, as well visual phytotoxicity and wild radish control in wheat crop, cultivar Quartzo. Two trials were conducted where the first one evaluated the photosynthetic parameters on wheat plants in two seasons collection, following the application of herbicides bentazon, clodinafop, iodosulfuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron and 2,4-D; and the second one evaluated wild radish (Raphanus sativus) control, wheat phytotoxicity and yield due to bentazon, iodosulfuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron and 2,4-D herbicides application. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration were negatively affected by metribuzin, metsulfuron and 2,4-D herbicides at 24 and 120 HAS (hours after spraying) compared to control. Oxidative stress was similar or lower to control, when herbicide was applied and, in general, there was no difference between application times. Lipid peroxidation, catalase activity and phenols were higher in the first collection time. The application of herbicides iodosulfuron and 2,4-D reduces chlorophylls and carotenoids in wheat. Herbicides bentazon, iodosulfuron, metribuzin, metsulfuron and 2,4-D are selective to wheat, cultivar Quartzo and do not affect wheat yield. 2,4-D, metribuzin and iodosulfuron are more efficient for wild radish control.

Objetivou-se conhecer os teores de cobre, zinco, ferro e molibdênio em soro e fígado de pequenos ruminantes criados nos municípios de Casa Nova e Juazeiro, estado da Bahia, e verificar se há carência primária ou secundária de cobre. Foi avaliado um total de 160 amostras de ovinos e caprinos de ambos os sexos, coletados nos períodos seco e chuvoso. O valor de cobre sérico para caprinos foi de 13,8±0,3±mol/L e para ovinos foi de 12,2±0,4±mol/L, enquanto os teores hepáticos médios foram de 220ppm para caprinos e 238ppm para ovinos. O valor de zinco sérico para caprinos foi de 28,3±1,0±mol/L e para ovinos foi de 28,7±0,8±mol/L, enquanto os teores hepáticos médios foram de 99ppm para caprinos e 92ppm para ovinos. O valor de ferro sérico para caprinos foi de 61±3±mol/L e para ovinos foi de 64±2±mol/L, enquanto os teores hepáticos foram de 172ppm para caprinos e 221ppm para ovinos. Os valores médios de cobre não indicam ocorrência de carência deste elemento nos pequenos ruminantes criados nos municípios estudados. Os teores de zinco encontravam-se dentro dos intervalos de normalidade, não sendo verificada a necessidade de suplementação extra deste mineral. Os teores de ferro sérico apresentavam-se bem elevados, contudo sem que houvesse interferência suficiente no metabolismo do cobre de forma a resultar em uma deficiência cúprica.

The aim of this research was to know the copper, zinc, iron and molybdenum content in serum and liver of small ruminants raised in the cities of Casa Nova and Juazeiro, state of Bahia, and verify the occurrence of primary or secondary copper deficiency. A total of 160 samples of sheep and goats of both sexes collected in the dry and rainy season were evaluated. The values for serum copper in goats was 13.8±0.3±mol/L and in sheep it was 12.2±0.4 ±mol/L, while the mean liver concentration was 220 ppm for goats and 238 ppm for sheep. The serum zinc value for goats was 28.3±1.0±mol/L and for sheep it was 28.7±0.8±mol/L, while the mean liver concentration was 99 ppm for goats and 92 ppm for sheep. Serum iron value for goats was 61±3±mol/L and for sheep it was 64±2±mol/L, while liver levels were 172 ppm for goats and 221 ppm for sheep. Copper mean values do not indicate the occurrence of copper deficiency in small ruminants raised in the cities studied. Zinc levels were within the normal values and do not require extra supplementation of this mineral. The serum iron levels were elevated, however it did not interfere in copper metabolism in order to result in a cupric deficiency.