ABSTRACT Purpose: The extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is produced by the bacterium Zoogloea sp. and plays a positive role in tissue repair. The purpose of this study was to clinically and histologically compare the effects of EPS in the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in rats with the effects of triamcinolone. Methods: Ulcers were induced in the oral mucous of 45 male Wistar rats, divided into three groups: control group, treated with triamcinolone, and treated with biopolymer gel. In the clinical evaluation, we considered the weight variation of the animals and the size of the lesion area, at baseline and on treatment days 1, 3 and 7. The histological parameters evaluated were the type and intensity of the inflammatory infiltration, the presence of necrosis and foreign body granuloma and the degree of re-epithelialization of the lesion. Results: The reduction of the lesion area was greater in the animals treated with EPS, with no difference in the intensity of the inflammatory infiltration between the groups on days 3 and 7 of treatment. Conclusions: The results suggest that topical application of EPS in traumatic oral ulcers of rats promotes faster repair than triamcinolone ointment, without increasing the intensity of inflammatory infiltration under the lesion.

O linfedema é caracterizado por um acúmulo anormal de líquido nos tecidos moles, Linfedema; Drenagem linfática; Tratamento resultante de uma disfunção do sistema linfático. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos da drenagem linfática mecânica com o aparelho RAGodoy® na composição corpórea e na redução do linfedema de membro inferior pela bioimpedância. Em ensaio clinico foram avaliados e tratados 14 pacientes portadores de linfedema grau II de membros inferiores. Os pacientes foram submetidos a uma sessão contínua de duas horas de drenagem linfática mecânica através do aparelho RAGodoy®. A mensuração do linfedema bem como de sua resposta ao tratamento foi feita pela bioimpedância realizado imediatamente antes e após a drenagem linfática mecânica. Observou-se redução estatisticamente signifi cante (p < 0,0001) do volume do membro inferior tratado em todas as avaliações realizadas. Podemos concluir que os resultados demonstraram que a drenagem linfática mecânica, através do aparelho RAGodoy®, durante duas horas consecutivas foi eficiente para reduzir significativamente o linfedema de membros inferiores.

Lymphedema is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the soft tissues, resulting from a dysfunction of the lymphatic system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mechanical lymphatic drainage with the device RAGodoy® in body composition and reducing lower limb lymphedema by bioelectrical impedance. In clinical trial were evaluated and treated 14 patients with grade II lymphedema of the lower limbs. Patients underwent a continuous session of two hours of mechanical lymphatic drainage through the apparatus RAGodoy®. The measurement of lymphedema and its response to treatment was made by bioimpedance performed immediately before and after the mechanical lymphatic drainage. We observed a statistically significant reduction (p <0.0001) of lower limb volume treatise on all evaluations. We concluded that the results demonstrated that lymphatic drainage mechanical, RAGodoy® device during two consecutive hours was effective to signifi cantly reduce lymphedema of the legs.

Introdução: O linfedema pós-cirurgia de câncer de mama é uma das principais intercorrências decorrentes ao tratamento. A medida e quantificação do linfedema têm sido fatores questionáveis e há vários métodos para a mensuração do volume do braço. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a percentagem de pacientes com linfedema pós mastectomia usando a volumetria e perimetria para avaliação. Casuística e Método: Foram selecionadas aleatoriamente 89 pacientes do sexo feminino, submetidas ao tratamento de câncer de mama na região da Catanduva. Depois de identificadas, as mulheres foram contatadas por telefone ou visita domiciliar. Foram tomadas as medidas de volumetria e perimetria bilateral para comparação. Foi considerado linfedema quando na volumetria a diferença entre os membros superiores fosse igual ou superior a 200 ml e, na perimetria a diferença fosse igual ou maior a 2,0 cm. O teste Exato de Fisher foi utilizado para análise estatística considerando erro alfa de 5%. Resultados: O tempo de cirurgias variou entre 18 anos a 1 mês, com média de 4,5 anos, porém o maior número de cirurgia ocorreu com 2,6 anos. A prevalência avaliada pela volumetria foi 32,5%, e pela perimetria de 48,3%, sendo esta diferença significante. Conclusões:Aprevalência detectada no presente estudo encontra-se citada naliteratura. Há diferença significante entre os métodos de avaliação perimetria e volumetria, sugerindo maiores padronizações na avaliação do linfedema.

Introduction: Lymphedema after mastectomy is one of the main complications resulting from treatment. The best manner to measure lymphedema is debatable as there are several methods to evaluate the size of limbs. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of lymphedema after mastectomy using volumetry and perimetry. Patients and Method: A total of 89 female patients from the region of Catanduva, São Paulo, were included in the survey after being submitted to the surgical treatment of breast cancer. Both of the individuals’ arms were measured using volumetry and perimetry to compare the two methods. The arm was considered to be suffering from lymphoedema when there was a difference of 200 mL or more using volumetry or a difference of 2 centimeters or greater using perimetry. The Fisher exact test was utilized for statistical analysis with differences presented as percentages. Results: Time after surgery ranged from 1 month to 18 years with a mean of 4.5 years with the greatest number of surgeries occurring 2.6 years previously. A significant difference was seen in the prevalence calculated by volumetry (32.5%) and perimetry (48.3%). Conclusions: The prevalence detected in this study has been reported in other publications. There are significant differences between the two methods utilized suggesting a need for standardization in the evaluation of lymphedema.

The cyclamate is used as artificial non-caloric sweetner in a wide variety of foods and beverages, being 30 times as sweet as sugar without the bitter after-taste of saccharin. It appears in the composition of the products as sodium and calcium cyclamates and cyclamic acid. The purpose of this research was to assess the effect of sodium cyclamate in kidneys of rats fetuses considering morphometric changes of glomerulus, proximal and distal convoluted tubules, and collecting duct. Ten pregnant rat (Rattus norvegicus) weighting an average of 238 g were divided into two groups: 5 in the control group and 5 in treated group with sodium cyclamate. Between the 10th and the 14th pregnancy day, 5 rats received an intraperitoneal daily injection of 60 mg/kg of body weight of sodium cyclamate during 5 days. At the 20th, the animals were sacrificed and the fetuses were fixed in Alfac solution, included in paraffin, sectioned and stained with haematoxyline and eosine. Morphometry by the karyometric technique was the method used. The principal measurements were glomerular volume and cell nuclei size of proximal and distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct. There were a significant decrease in fetal and placentae weight in treated group with sodium cyclamate (p = 0.004) when compared with control group. In the glomerular volume and cell nuclei size of proximal and distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct of kidneys of rats fetuses treated with sodium cyclamate, the increase was statistically significant. The results showed that the use of sodium cyclamate was effective in the reduction of fetal and placentae weight, and lenght of umbilical cords. There was a significant increase in glomerular volume and in cell nuclei size of proximal and distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct, suggesting nephrotoxicity

El ciclamato es usado como edulcorante no calórico en muchos alimentos y bebidas y es 30 veces más dulce que la sacarosa, sin el gusto amargo de la sacarina. Aparecen en su composición, los productos como ciclamato de sodio, ciclamato de calcio y ácido ciclámico. El objetivo del trabajo fue evaluar los efectos del ciclamato de sodio en riñones de fetos de ratas, considerándose las alteraciones morfométricas en glomérulo, túbulos contornados proximal y distal y conducto coletor. Fueron utilizadas 10 ratas adultas (Rattus norvegicus) variedad Wistar, con peso medio de 238 g, 5 ratas para el grupo control y 5 ratas tratadas con ciclamato de sodio. Entre el 10 y 14 día de la preñez, 5 ratas recibieron una inyección diaria intraperitoneal de 60mg/Kg/día de ciclamato de sodio durante 5 días. En el 20 día, los animales fueron sacrificados y los fetos fijados en solución de Alfac, incluidos en parafina, cortados y teñidos com H-E. El método utilizado fue la morfometría por la técnica cariométrica. Hubo disminución significativa en los pesos de los fetos y de la placenta en el grupo tratado con ciclamato de sodio (p= 0,004) comparado con el grupo control. En el volumen glomerular y tamaño nuclear de las células de los túbulos contornados proximal, distal y conducto colector del riñón fetal de las ratas tratadas con ciclamato de sodio, hubo aumento estadísticamente significativo. Los resultados mostraron que el uso del ciclamato de sodio produjo la reducción del peso de los fetos, placenta y longitud del cordón umbilical. Hubo aumento significativo en el volumen glomerular y en el tamaño nuclear de las células de los túbulos contornados proximal, distal y conducto colector, sugerente de nefrotoxicidad

Os autores apresentam um caso de um recém-nascido com um tipo raro de associação de hemorragia adrenal bilateral com trombose de veia renal direita e de veia cava inferior, em que os exames de ultra-sonografia e tomografia computadorizada exerceram papel crucial no estabelecimento do diagnóstico, orientação da conduta e seguimento do paciente.

We report a rare case of coexisting bilateral adrenal hemorrhage, right renal vein and inferior vena cava thrombosis in a neonate. Imaging studies played an important role in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of this patient.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a prevalência da deficiência da proteína S em pacientes com trombose venosa profunda e a interferência do anticoagulante oral durante a investigação. Foram avaliados aleatoriamente 87 pacientes, sendo 47 do sexo feminino e 40 do sexo masculino, com idades entre 17 e 56 anos e média de 36,3 anos, que apresentaram trombose venosa profunda (TVP) de membros inferiores. O diagnóstico da TVP foi feito com dúplex e confirmado pela flebografia nos casos de dúvidas. A mensuração da proteína S foi realizada pelo método coagulométrico, avaliando atividade biológica. Os exames foram colhidos um mês após a remoção da anticoagulação oral em todos os pacientes. Em trinta deles foram colhidos também durante a anticoagulação. Em 6,9% dos pacientes foi confirmada, em duas mesurações, a deficiência da proteína S. Na avaliação durante a anticoagulação, os trinta pacientes apresentaram redução dos níveis dessa proteína. Concluímos que a deficiência da proteína S em nosso estudo foi semelhante ao observado na literatura, sendo que a sua investigação mais confiável deve ser realizada após a suspensão do anticoagulante oral.

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Protein S deficiency in patients suffering from deep venous thrombosis. As a secondary objective the interference of oral anticoagulation during treatment was studied. Forty-seven female and 40 male patients with ages ranging from 17 to 56 and a mean age of 36.6 years, who presented with deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs, were studied. Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis was made using a duplex doppler scan and in cases of doubt the results were confirmed by phlebology. Measurement of the protein S concentrations was performed by the coagulometric method, that is, by evaluating the biological activity. The blood samples were collected one month after the suspension of oral anticoagulation treatment in all patients. In thirty patients blood samples were also taken during anticoagulation treatment. A total of 6.9% of the patients were confirmed, with two consecutive measurements, as having protein S deficiency. The evaluations of the 30 patients during treatment all demonstrated a reduction in the concentrations of this protein. We concluded that the prevalence of protein S deficiency in our study was similar to the prevalence observed in other publications. We also saw that the most reliable time to investigate protein S levels is after the suspension of oral anticoagulant treatment.