OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the colorimetric change in incisors and canines of adolescents aged 12 to 20 years submitted to at-home whitening and to evaluate satisfaction, sensitivity and discomfort during the procedures through a questionnaire. METHOD: Thirty adolescents were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1) 6.0% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with calcium - FGM); 2) 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (White Class with calcium - FGM); 3) 10% hydrogen peroxide (Oral B 3D White - Oral-B); 4) Control group - placebo. Assessments were performed prior to treatment as well as at 7, 30, 180 and 360 days after treatment. Friedman’s ANOVA was used to analyze color. The Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s post hoc test was used to compare the groups at the different evaluation times. Answers on the questionnaires were ranked, and non-parametrical tests were employed. The groups were compared in each period using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test. Categorical data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, and the Wilcoxon test was used for the analysis of different periods. P-values were corrected using the Hyan-Holm step-down Bonferroni procedure. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01998386. RESULTS: Similar results were obtained one month after treatment with both tooth whitening gels and whitening strips. Patients were partially satisfied with the treatment after the first and second weeks and would recommend it. All products demonstrated color stability after 12 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The bleaching procedure was efficient, and the patients could perceive its result. Further investigations are needed to determine the effects of bleaching on young teeth.

RESUMOO objetivo do estudo foi determinar a prevalência de sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), segundo o nível de ansiedade de adolescentes da cidade de São Roque-SP. Foi utilizado o Índice de Fonseca para determinar a presença e o grau de severidade da DTM. Para avaliar o nível de ansiedade, foi utilizado o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado. Os participantes foram 3538 adolescentes entre 10 e 19 anos. Os resultados revelaram que 73,3% dos adolescentes apresentavam DTM e 72,7%, apresentavam ansiedade. Foram observadas associações estatisticamente significativas entre a presença de DTM e a presença de ansiedade, mas apenas com o sexo feminino, e correlação positiva, embora baixa, entre o grau de DTM e o nível de ansiedade. Conclui-se que adolescentes do sexo feminino apresentam maior chance de desenvolver DTM que os do sexo masculino, e quanto maior o nível de ansiedade do adolescente, maior a chance de desenvolver DTM.

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), according to the level of anxiety in adolescents in the city of São Roque-SP. The Fonseca Index was used to determine the presence and severity of TMD. To assess the level of anxiety the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory it was used. The participants were 3,538 adolescents with ages varying between 10 and 19 years. The results revealed that 73.3% of the adolescents had TMD, and that a "slight" degree of TMD was the most prevalent category. Anxiety was present in 72.7% of the adolescents. The analysis showed the existence of a significant association among female students between the presence of TMD and anxiety. A significant positive correlation was observed between the degree of TMD and the level of anxiety. The results indicate that female adolescents have a higher chance of developing TMD than male adolescents, and that the chance of developing TMD augments with the level of anxiety.

OBJETIVO: avaliar se há relação entre bruxismo e presença de ruídos articulares em crianças. MÉTODOS: participaram do estudo 48 crianças entre 6 e 9 anos atendidas na Clínica Infantil da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Nove de Julho. Foram selecionadas 21 crianças com bruxismo e 27 crianças no grupo controle. Um único examinador previamente treinado e "cego" em relação aos grupos realizou exame de palpação manual e auscultação bilateral das Articulações Temporomandibulares com a utilização de estetoscópio, extra-auricular lateral e dorsal para a análise dos ruídos articulares, diferenciando-os em crepitação e estalidos. Foi realizado o número mínimo de 3 repetições nas mensurações dos ruídos para cada criança. Foram realizadas as análises descritivas de todas as variáveis e o teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis, adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: em relação à presença de ruído 37,5% (n=18) apresentaram algum tipo de ruído articular, sendo que 72,2% (n=13) apresentaram estalido e 27,8% (n=5) apresentaram crepitação. Das 18 crianças que apresentaram algum tipo de ruído, 66,7% (n=12) também eram bruxistas. Foi observada associação estatisticamente significante entre a presença de ruído e bruxismo. Ao analisar a associação entre ruído e as variáveis gênero e idade, o grupo estudado não houve associação entre ruído e gênero, porém em relação à idade, houve uma maior porcentagem de crianças sem a presença de ruído articular aos 6 anos de idade, sendo estatisticamente significante. CONCLUSÃO: os dados do presente estudo mostraram associação entre bruxismo e ruídos articulares em crianças.

PURPOSE: the aim of the present study was to determine whether bruxism is associated with joint sounds in children. METHODS: children aged six to nine years were recruited from the pediatric clinic of the School of Dentistry of University Nove de Julho (Brazil). Twenty-one children with bruxism and 27 children without this condition (control group) were selected. The evaluation was performed by a previously trained examiner who was blinded to the allocation of the groups and involved manual palpation as well as lateral and dorsal extra-auricular auscultation of the temporomandibular joints with the aid of a stethoscope for the determination of joint sounds, differentiating a click/pop from crepitus. At least three readings were performed on each child. Descriptive statistics were conducted and the chi-square test was used to test associations among the variables, with the level of significance set to 5% (p < 0.05). RESULTS: a total of 37.5% (n = 18) of the sample exhibited some type of joint sound. Among these children, 72.2% (n = 13) exhibited a click/pop and 27.8% (n = 5) exhibited crepitus. Among the 18 children with joint sounds, 66.7% (n = 12) also had bruxism. A statistically significant association was found between joint sounds and bruxism. No association was found between joints sounds and sex. However, a significant association was found with regard to age, as a greater percentage of children at six years of age had no joint sounds. CONCLUSION: the present findings demonstrate an association between bruxism and joint sounds in children.

Objectives: Compare the effectiveness of PapacarieTM gel for the chemo-mechanical removal of carious lesions on primary teeth to conventional caries removal with a low-speed bur with regard to execution time, clinical aspects and radiographic findings. Material and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial with a split-mouth design was carried out. The sample was composed of 20 children aged four to seven years, in whom 40 deciduous teeth were randomly divided into two groups: chemo-mechanical caries removal with PapacarieTM and removal of carious dentin with a low-speed bur. Each child underwent both procedures and served as his/her own control. Restorations were performed with glass ionomer cement. The time required to perform the procedure was also analyzed. The patients underwent longitudinal clinical and radiographic follow-up of the restorations. Results: No statistically significant difference between groups was found regarding the time required to perform the procedures and the radiographic follow up. Statistically significant differences between groups were found in the clinical evaluation at 6 and 18 months after treatment. Conclusion: PapacarieTM is as effective as the traditional method for the removal of carious dentin on deciduous teeth, but offers the advantages of the preservation of sound dental tissue as well as the avoidance of sharp rotary instruments and local anesthesia.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to analyze the efficacy of Papacarie¯ gel compared with the traditional method (low-speed bur) in reducing the counts of total bacteria, Lactobacillus, total Streptococcus and Streptococcus mutans group. METHODS: A randomized, controlled clinical trial with a split-mouth design was performed. The sample comprised 40 deciduous teeth in 20 children (10 males and 10 females) aged four to seven years. The teeth were randomly allocated to two groups: G1, or chemomechanical caries removal with Papacarie Duo¯, and G2, or the removal of carious dentin tissue with a low-speed bur. Infected dentin was collected prior to the procedure, and the remaining dentin was collected immediately following the removal of the carious tissue. Initial and final counts of bacterial colonies were performed to determine whether there was a reduction in the number of colony-forming units (CFUs) of each microorganism studied. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01811420. RESULTS: Reductions were found in the numbers of total bacteria, total Streptococcus and Streptococcus mutans group following either of the caries removal methods (p<0.05). A reduction was also noted in the number of Lactobacillus CFUs; however, this difference did not achieve statistical significance (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Papacarie¯ is an excellent option for the minimally invasive removal of carious tissue, achieving significant reductions in total bacteria, total Streptococcus and S. mutans with the same effectiveness as the traditional caries removal method.

AIM: To evaluate the clinical status of permanent first molars and associations with dental caries, gingival bleeding, dental fluorosis and malocclusion. METHODS: An observational study was carried out in a rural community denominated Morro do Saboó in the city of São Roque, state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 194 children aged seven to ten years were examined for dental caries using the index proposed by the World Health Organization. Other conditions were determined using the Gingival Alterations Index, Dean's Index and Dental Aesthetic Index. The chi-squared test was used for the statistical analysis of the data. RESULTS: A total of 85.5% of the sample exhibited gingival bleeding and 69.9% exhibited malocclusion. A total of 53.6% had a clinical aspect of normality with regard to dental fluorosis. There was a predominance of sound teeth in the upper arch and teeth with carious lesions in the lower arch. No significant differences were found between sexes regarding gingival bleeding, dental fluorosis or malocclusion. Significant associations were found between tooth status and oral alterations (gingival bleeding, malocclusion and fluorosis) in teeth 16, 26 and 46 and between tooth status and gingival bleeding in tooth 36 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Caries activity in the permanent first molars was mainly associated with dental fluorosis and malocclusion. Strategies aimed at health promotion should be adopted on a large scale to minimize the prevalence of oral diseases.