Overview and Aims: The concept of "genitourinary syndrome of menopause" (GUSM), created in 2013, is widely used, despite the lack of studies and validation. This survey intended to evaluate the knowledge, agreement and concerns of Portuguese gynaecologists about it. Study design, population and methods: An online survey was sent to Portuguese gynaecologists (all the members of the Portuguese Society of Gynaecology, personal contacts and specific groups in social networks). Results: Out of 118 completed surveys, 66.1% belonged to specialists and 43.9% to residents. It was reported by 83.9% that they were acquainted with the GUSM, without differences between specialists and residents (85.0% vs. 83.3%, p=1.000). Most (66.7%) use "vaginal atrophy" or "atrophic vaginitis" in their daily practice; GUSM is used by 6.1% and 27.3% use both denominations. Considering "0" to be total disagreement and "10" total agreement, the justifications for the creation of this syndrome were rated as follows: "vaginitis implies infection or inflammation, which is not always the case" 8.1±2.57; "urinary signs and symptoms tend to be overlooked" 6.4±2.96; "atrophy has a negative connotation" 4.7±3.46 and "vagina is not generally a well-accepted term by women and the media" 3.4±3.41. It was considered by 37.9% that it may lead to sub-diagnosis/no diagnosis of sexual dysfunction; of vulvar pathology by 32.6% and of urinary tract pathology by 23.7%. Globally, 77.8% agree with the concept of GUSM, without differences between specialists and residents (80.0% vs. 73.5%, p=0.459); 75.4% consider that they will use it in the future (residents 57.9% vs. specialists 83.3%, p=0.053). Conclusion: Most Portuguese gynaecologists are aware of the concept of GUSM, and intend to use it the future, despite not fully agreeing with the assumptions that led to its creation.

Resumo Estudos baseados na prática clínica de dentistas possuem relevância vital para o entendimento dos fatores que influenciam os clínicos na escolha de uma técnica específica em detrimento de outra. Este estudo investigou quais condutas clínicas são adotadas por dentistas frente a lesões profundas de cárie. Foi avaliado como o local de trabalho, curso de pós-graduação e tempo desde a graduação influenciaram suas decisões clínicas. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal utilizando questionários auto- aplicados à dentistas no sul do Brasil (n=276). Informações relacionadas a educação continuada (especialização, mestrado ou doutorado), experiência clínica (anos desde a graduação) e local de trabalho foram investigadas. As informações sobre terapias vitais da polpa (materiais para capeamento pulpar direto, técnicas para remoção de carie em cavidades profundas e estratégias para capeamento pulpar indireto) foram coletadas por meio de perguntas específicas. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e teste exato de Fisher. A taxa de resposta foi de 68% (187). A maioria dos dentistas selecionam o hidróxido de cálcio (HC) como primeiro material para proteção pulpar direta (86,3%) e indireta (80,3%). Remoção parcial de tecido cariado foi relatado por 61,9% dos clínicos. Dentistas com menor experiência clínica optaram pela remoção parcial de tecido cariado com mais frequência (p=0,009), quando comparados a dentistas graduados há mais de 10 anos. O uso do MTA foi mais comum entre os profissionais que trabalham em ambiente acadêmico. Além disso, o MTA não foi mencionado pelos profissionais que trabalham exclusivamente no serviço público de saúde (p=0,003). O tempo desde a graduação influenciou a conduta clínica relacionada à remoção de cárie. A escolha de materiais para proteção pulpar foi influenciada pelo local de trabalho dos dentistas.

Studies based on dentists' clinical practice possess vital relevance to understand factors leading the clinicians to choose by a specific technique over another. This study investigated which clinical conduct therapies are adopted by dentists in front of deep caries. Was evaluated how the place of work, post-graduate training and years since complete graduation influenced their decisions. A cross-sectional study was performed using a self-applied questionnaire with dentists (n=276) in Southern Brazil. Information regarding post-graduation training (specialization, master's or PhD), clinical experience (years since completing graduation) and place of work were investigated. The information regarding pulp vital therapies (materials for direct pulp capping; techniques for caries removal in deep cavities and strategies for indirect pulp capping) were collected by specific questions. Data were submitted to descriptive analysis and Exact Fischer Test. Response rate was 68% (187). The majority of dentists selected the calcium hydroxide (CH) as first material for direct (86.3%) and indirect (80.3%) pulp protection. Partial caries removal was reported by 61.9% of dentists. Less experienced clinical dentists choose partial caries removal more frequently (p=0.009), if compared with dentists graduated 10 years and up ago. The use of MTA was more common among professionals working at academic environment. Besides, MTA was not mentioned by professionals working exclusively in the public health service (p=0.003). In conclusion, the time since graduation influenced the clinical conduct related to caries removal. The choice of liner materials was influenced by dentists' workplace.

Tendo em vista a exploração das relações entre estilos de vinculação de membros de famílias e a sua associação com dimensões da vinculação na adolescência foram realizados dois estudos. O primeiro visou à validação psicométrica de uma sub-escala de avaliação da relação com o irmão, acrescentada ao instrumento Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), evidenciando as qualidades psicométricas aceitáveis da mesma (N = 236). No segundo foram avaliados, através de três instrumentos de auto relato (incluindo a sub-escala validada), as relações e estilos de vinculação dos membros das famílias (N = 60). Conclusivamente, realça-se a concordância entre os estilos de vinculação, as correlações significativas entre dimensões de vinculação relativas a diferentes relações e a especificidade da relação entre irmãos neste contexto.

In order to explore the relationships between attachment styles of family members and the association of those with dimensions of attachment in adolescence, two studies have been made. The first study aimed the psychometric validation of an evaluation sub-scale of siblings relationship added to the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA) that demonstrated acceptable psychometric qualities (N = 236). The second study aimed, using three self-report instruments (with the validated sub-scale included), the evaluation of relationships and attachment styles of nuclear-family members (N = 60). In conclusion, it is highlighted the balance between family members' attachment styles, significant correlations between attachment dimensions that characterize different dyadic relationships and the specificity of the relationship among siblings in the family context.