Abstract Objective: To examine if the substitution of different screen time intervals with light physical activity (LPA), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sleep is associated with cardiovascular indicators and inflammatory markers in children. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study developed with 186 children aged between six and 11 years old from public schools in southern Brazil. CRF was measured with the 6-minute running and walking test, following the Brazil Sports Project procedures. The percentage of fat was evaluated through DXA. LPA and MVPA were measured using accelerometers. Sleep and screen time were assessed by questionnaires answered by parents. Leptin and C-reactive protein were measured by fasting blood collection. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were determined through a digital sphygmomanometer. Isotemporal substitution models were used for statistical analysis. Results: Replacing 1 h of screen time with MVPA was associated with lower BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fat percentage, leptin, and C-reactive protein. When screen time was substituted for sleep time, lower waist circumference was observed. Regarding the substitution of 1 h of screen time with LPA, significant values were found only for leptin. Conclusion: The replacement of screen time with physical activities of different intensities and sleep time was associated with benefits in cardiovascular indicators and inflammatory markers in childhood. Objective , (LPA) (MVPA Methods crosssectional cross sectional 18 6minute minute 6 test procedures DXA accelerometers parents Creactive C reactive collection sphygmomanometer analysis Results BMI leptin observed Conclusion childhood (LPA

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a ocorrência de risco agregado à saúde cardiometabólica e musculoesquelética de adolescentes brasileiros no período de 2008/09 e 2013/14 e identificar se existem diferenças no risco entre os sexos e nesses períodos. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de tendência com abordagem quantitativa, composto por uma amostra voluntária de adolescentes, de 16 estados brasileiros. Os dados foram extraídos da base de dados do Projeto Esporte Brasil. A aptidão física relacionada a saúde foi avaliada a partir de: índice de massa corporal, aptidão cardiorrespiratória, flexibilidade, e força/resistência abdominal. Para o tratamento estatístico foi utilizado análise descritiva, qui-quadrado e regressão Poisson log. Resultados Nos anos de 2008/09, 14,6% de jovens brasileiros apresentaram risco à saúde cardiometabólica agregada e 17,1% risco agregado dos indicadores musculoesqueléticos. Enquanto em 2013/14, os valores dos indicadores de risco foram, respectivamente 40,0% e 22,4%. Observou-se que nos anos de 2013/14 o risco à saúde cardiometabólica dos meninos era 2,51 vezes maior que em 2008/09. Já para as meninas o aumento desse risco foi de 3 vezes. No que se refere à saúde musculoesquelética, as meninas apresentaram risco de 2,21 de estar na zona de risco em 2013/14 em relação à 2008/09. Conclusão A ocorrência de risco agregado à saúde cardiometabólica e musculoesquelética de adolescentes brasileiros aumentou nos períodos de 2008/09 e 2013/14. Com relação ao sexo houve um aumento no risco cardiometabólico e musculoesquelético nas meninas entre esses períodos. Já para os meninos houve aumento apenas do risco cardiometabólico.

Abstract Objective To assess the occurrence of an aggregate risk to cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health of Brazilian adolescents in the period 2008/09 and 2013/14 and to identify whether there are differences in risk between the genders and in these periods. Methods This was a trend epidemiological study with a quantitative approach, consisting of a voluntary sample of adolescents from 16 Brazilian states. Data were extracted from the database of Brazil Sports Project (Projeto Esporte Brasil). Health-related physical fitness was evaluated based on body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, flexibility, and abdominal strength/resistance. Descriptive analysis, chi-squared test, and Poisson log regression were used for the statistical treatment. Results In the years 2008/09, 14.6% of Brazilian youngsters showed an aggregate risk to cardiometabolic health and 17.1% an aggregate risk for musculoskeletal indicators, whereas in 2013/14, the values of the risk indicators were, respectively 40.0% and 22.4%. It was observed that, in the years 2013/14, the risk to the cardiometabolic health of boys was 2.51 times greater than in 2008/09, while for girls, a three-fold increase in risk was observed. Concerning musculoskeletal health, girls showed a 2.21 risk of being in the risk zone in 2013/14 when compared with 2008/09. Conclusion The occurrence of an aggregate risk to the cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health of Brazilian adolescents increased in the 2008/09 and 2013/14 periods. Regarding gender, an increase in the cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal risk between these periods was observed in girls. As for boys, an increase was observed only in cardiometabolic risk.

OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar a tendência da ocorrência do baixo peso, sobrepeso e obesidade de escolares. MÉTODOS: Estudo longitudinal de tendência realizado em uma amostra voluntária de crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. A amostra foi agrupada em ano de coleta (Período I: 2005 e 2006; Período II: 2007 e 2008; e Período III: 2009 a 2011), categoria de idade (crianças: sete a 10 anos, e adolescentes: 11 a 14 anos), e estratificada por sexo. O índice de massa corporal foi utilizado para classificar o perfil nutricional. A análise da tendência foi verificada através da Regressão Logística Multinomial (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: As médias de ocorrências foram de 2,11% no baixo peso, 22,27% no sobrepeso e 6,8% na obesidade. Identificou-se chance do baixo peso diminuir do período I para o II nos adolescentes do sexo masculino, e de aumentar nas crianças do sexo feminino do período II para o III. No sobrepeso, encontramos chance de aumento seguida de diminuição nas crianças do sexo masculino. Na obesidade, em todas as categorias de idade e em ambos os sexos, houve chance de aumento do período I para o II. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência do baixo peso apresenta valores menores que 5% em todas as categorias de idade e sexo. No entanto, na categoria do sobrepeso e da obesidade, encontramos ocorrências mais elevadas, atingindo, juntas, quase 30% da população infanto-juvenil brasileira; além disso, evidenciamos uma chance de aumento na prevalência da obesidade até o ano de 2008 e, após, uma manutenção destas altas prevalências.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the trends of occurrence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in schoolchildren. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study of trends conducted in a voluntary sample of Brazilian children and adolescents. The sample was grouped by year of collection (period I: 2005 and 2006; period II: 2007 and 2008, and period III: 2009-2011), age category (children: 7 to 10 years, and adolescents: 11 to 14 years), and stratified by gender. The body mass index was used to classify the nutritional profile. Trend analysis was verified using multinomial logistic regression (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Mean occurrences were 2.11% for underweight, 22.27% for overweight, and 6.8% for obesity. There was a decrease of underweight in male adolescents from period I to II, as well as an increase in female children from period II to III. Regarding overweight, there was an increase followed by a decrease in male children. Regarding obesity, there was an increase from period I to II in all age groups and for both genders. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of underweight was less than 5% in all categories of age and gender. However, the categories of overweight and obesity showed higher values, and together comprised almost 30% of the young Brazilian population; moreover, a trend toward increase in prevalence of obesity was observed up to the year 2008, followed by the maintenance of these high prevalence rates.