ABSTRACT Agroindustrial potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) waste mainly includes peel and pulp; however, potatoes of low industrial quality are also discarded by industry. A viable alternative to give added value to these byproducts is the use of these as seeds, as well as the use of starch. The objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality (germination and vigor), starch content and relationship between these variables in discarded tubers from the industry through chemical-structural analyses to better understand their influence on starch composition. The physiological quality of the potatoes was evaluated through germination and vigor tests; likewise, starch was extracted, and the yield was determined. Physicochemical characterization of the starches was carried out through proximal and structural analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The results showed that the tubers had 100.00% germination and 98.66% vigor and were suitable for use as seeds. The starch yield did not significantly differ. However, characterization of the starch revealed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in moisture, ash, carbohydrate and amylose contents, which were influenced by the storage temperature (4 °C) of the tubers subjected to a vigor test, which interferes with enzymatic activity. During germination, the NMR results showed type B crystallinity, which is typical of tubers, indicating that the viability tests did not promote changes in the type of crystallinity. The results obtained can help us understand the effect of germination on the composition of starch and, accordingly, choose the most appropriate applications for this starch, whether food or nonfood.

ABSTRACT Meloidogyne enterolobii is currently the most damaging nematode of the genus Meloidogyne due to its aggressiveness and ability to overcome existing sources of resistance; therefore, the search for genotypes with resistance in crops of high economic importance such as chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) is one of the greatest challenges facing agricultural researchers. The aim of this study was to determine the level of resistance in C. annuum landraces from Mexico to different population densities of M. enterolobii. Five C. annuum landraces (UTC24, UTC25, UTC66, UTC67, and UTC90) and the commercial cv. Revelation were used. The experiment was conducted twice under greenhouse conditions with a randomized block design with four replicates per genotype and cultivar. Inoculation was performed on 21-d-old seedlings with inoculum doses of 0, 4500, 9000, and 13500 eggs plant-1. The gall index, reproduction factor, and reproduction index were evaluated at 42 and 63 d after inoculation. Genotypes UTC66, UTC67, and UTC90 showed a higher level of resistance with a damage percentage lower than 50% compared to ‘Revelation’ (susceptible). Genotype UTC90 showed the lowest reproduction factor and index, so it was considered a highly resistant genotype to an inoculum dose of 4500 M. enterolobii eggs with a damage percentage of less than 10%, while, at a dose of 13 500 eggs, its resistance level was intermediate. The results of this study contribute to the search for sources of resistance to M. enterolobii in chili pepper landraces.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine if migration modifies the management and composition of agrobiodiversity in the homegardens, spaces where the richness of species ensures the provision of goods. In Dzoyaxché, Yucatán, we conducted semi-structured interviews and generated agrobiodiversity inventories in were applied to homegardens without migrants (SSM) and with migrants (SCM). The SSM recorded higher floristic and backyard fauna diversity; in SCM, there was a redistribution of management responsibilities. Thus, rural-urban migration, in Dzoyaxché, is a factor that determines agrobiodiversity.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si la migración modifica el manejo y la composición de la agrobiodiversidad en los solares, espacios donde la riqueza de especies asegura la provisión de bienes. En Dzoyaxché, Yucatán, se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada y se realizó el inventario de la agrobiodiversidad a solares sin migrantes (SSM) y con migrantes (SCM). Los SSM registraron mayor diversidad florística y de fauna de traspatio; mientras que en SCM se registró una redistribución de las responsabilidades de manejo. En conclusión, la migración rural-urbana en Dzoyaxché es un factor que determina la agrobiodiversidad.

Abstract One of the complications during an acute coronary syndrome event is the presence of arrhythmias. Among them, those of the supraventricular type, especially atrial fibrillation, carry a poor prognosis both in the short and long term, being the cause of situations such as cerebrovascular event, ventricular arrhythmias, and increased mortality. The arrhythmia tends to appear in a certain population group with particular risk factors during the index event in approximately 10% of cases. Appropriate treatment at the time of its onset, thanks to the use of drugs that modulate heart rate, rhythm, and anticoagulant management in the most vulnerable groups, will lead to a less bleak outcome for these patients.

Resumen Una de las complicaciones durante un evento de síndrome coronario agudo es la presencia de arritmias. Dentro de ellas, las de tipo supraventricular, en especial fibrilación auricular, acarrea un mal pronóstico tanto a corto como a largo plazo y es la causa de situaciones como evento vascular cerebral, arritmias ventriculares y aumento de la mortalidad. Dicha arritmia tiende a aparecer en cierto grupo de población con particulares factores de riesgo durante el evento índice en aproximadamente 10% de los casos. Un tratamiento apropiado en el momento de su aparición, gracias al uso de fármacos que modulan la frecuencia cardiaca, el ritmo y el manejo anticoagulante en los grupos más vulnerables conllevará un desenlace menos sombrío para estos pacientes.

ABSTRACT Haematococcus pluvialis synthesizes and accumulates astaxanthins, while Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis produces phycocyanins. The ornamental shrimp Neocaridina davidi is commercially important for its variety and intensity of coloration. We evaluate the effect on the coloration of N. davidi by consuming H. pluvialis and S. platensis as a food supplement to preserve their nutritional quality. H. pluvialis was subjected to stress to obtain aplanospores with astaxanthin. Live microalgae were included in gelled spheres to provide them as a supplement to three-day-old N. davidi juveniles with different phenotypes: wild (NdW), red (NdR), and blue (NdB). The experiment involved the commercial food supply and spheres with or without microalgae for 31 days. Chromatophores present in the uropod of each phenotype were examined, their number and expansion estimated, and the area covered by optical density (OD). Results show that H. pluvialis reached a greater astaxanthin accumulation on day 30. The coloration of the NdR and NdB phenotypes improved by consuming microalgae, increasing the OD in the uropod. NdB phenotype showed better coloration when consuming S. platensis (56.2%), while the NdR phenotype was more favored when consuming H. pluvialis (74.2%). The chromatophores expanded their area by doubling in the NdR and NdB phenotypes, where H. pluvialis increased its intensity four times in NdR. The number of chromatophores was significant only in NdR with S. platensis. In conclusion, gelling is a viable method to preserve the nutritional quality of live microalgae and transfer bioactive compounds that improve the coloration of N. davidi.

Abstract: The expected population growth will increase global food consumption, particularly meat consumption, which is estimated to increase 14% by 2030. Hence, the efficient utilization of all the resources involved in meat production, predominantly feed additives in livestock, is important due to economic costs and the high environmental in terms of gas production and ammonia excretion. Efforts have been made to increase efficiency in livestock production and improve the absorption and utilization of nutrients. Nevertheless, advances in technology in the chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries have barely been used by the livestock and poultry industry. The micro/nano encapsulation process has been used in animal nutrition to protect bioactive compounds or to control the release of feed additives into the animal gastrointestinal tract, avoiding rumen microbes attack, or monogastric digestion in swine and poultry, to be available in the small intestine. However, not all the encapsulation techniques are suitable for applications in animal feeding. For example, spray drying, emulsion and coacervation can be used to control the release of feed additives in ruminants. In this sense, micro encapsulation of different feed additives such as amino acids, fatty acids, and probiotics may face enormous challenges to help improve livestock and poultry nutrition. The objective of this review is to highlight and discuss the techniques, compounds, and key aspects involved in the encapsulation of feed additives and nutrients with potential applications in the livestock and poultry production.

Abstract: Solid and liquid formulations based on the plant growth-promoting bacteria Bacillus subtilis Bs006 were designed as biological inoculant for vegetable nursery production. Considering the importance of microbial survival from the production process to the soil application, spore viability (CFU) in each formulation was assessed during twelve months of storage at 20, 30, and 40°C. At the three temperature levels evaluated, survival was higher than 85 and 90% for solid and liquid formulations, respectively. The bacterial biological activity was evaluated as plant growth promotion on lettuce, broccoli, and tomato in nursery. The formulations were applied at three concentrations (1x107, 5x107, 1x108 CFU/mL) at sowing and 21 days after seeding. Root and aerial part length and dry weight were the response variables evaluated. A positive effect was observed, particularly with the liquid formulation at 1x108 spores/mL, showing the longest length of root and aerial part and the highest dry weight values in the root and foliar parts. Regarding the endophytism, B. subtilis colonized roots, stems, and leaves, achieving concentrations between 8x102 and 1x105 CFU/g.

Abstract: Despite all the knowledge generated about grafting techniques in plant species, there is little research that evaluates the results found. The objective of this work was to analyze, through bibliometric techniques, the information published in scientific articles in which a grafting technique was evaluated, to identify analysis methodologies, types of grafts, plant species, and the application of the results found. The keyword used for the search of scientific articles was ‘grafting’, and publications up to December 2022 were considered. From 1994 to 2022, 293 scientific articles were identified, the frequency of their publication showed an exponential trend (R2 = 0,54). It was found that variables associated with rootstock, graft and survival of the newly formed plant are evaluated, with an increasing use of multivariate techniques in order to detect the most significant variables. Eleven grafting techniques were documented: bark grafting, cleft grafting, splice grafting, whip and tongue grafting, budding, in vitro grafting, micrografting, T-budding, side-veneer grafting, chip budding, and tube grafting. Fruit (citrus), horticultural (tomato), forest (walnut), and ornamental (rose) crops were the most widely analyzed. However, 63,47% of the scientific articles were limited to descriptive analyses on success rate, compatibility and survival rate of vegetative materials. This provides the opportunity to conduct research on genetic improvement processes in the search for agronomic traits of interest (fruit and growth), or on genetic diversity aimed to improve productivity and/or conservation.

Resumen: A pesar de todo el conocimiento generado en torno a las técnicas de injerto en especies vegetales, existe poca investigación que evalúe los resultados encontrados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar, mediante técnicas bibliométricas, la información publicada en artículos científicos donde se evalúo alguna técnica de injerto, para identificar metodologías de análisis, tipos de injertos, especies vegetales y la aplicación de los resultados encontrados. La palabra clave utilizada para la búsqueda de los artículos científicos fue ‘grafting’, y se consideraron publicaciones hasta diciembre de 2022. De 1994 a 2022 se identificaron 293 artículos científicos, la frecuencia de su publicación mostró una tendencia exponencial (R2 = 0,54). Se encontró que se evalúan variables asociadas al portainjerto, injerto y sobrevivencia de la nueva planta formada, que son evaluadas cada vez con mayor frecuencia con técnicas multivariadas por el interés de detectar las variables más significativas a partir de un número elevado de variables analizadas. Se documentaron 11 técnicas de injerto: púa, hendidura, empalme, inglés, yema, in vitro, microinjerto, en T, chapado, chip y entube. Las especies de mayor análisis correspondieron a frutícolas (cítricos), hortícolas (tomate), forestal (nogal), y ornato (rosa). Sin embargo, el 63,47% de los artículos científicos se limitaron a hacer análisis descriptivos sobre prendimiento, compatibilidad y sobrevivencia de los materiales vegetativos. Lo anterior, deja un área de oportunidad para desarrollar investigación sobre los procesos de mejora genética en la búsqueda de caracteres agronómicos de interés (fruto y crecimiento), o bien en la diversidad genética orientada a la productividad y/o conservación.

Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of some factors on carcass traits and the phenotypic correlations between them. Records from 514 Simmental and 178 Simbrah bovine individuals born in Mexico between 2011 and 2018 were used. The variables evaluated were rib eye area (AOL), rump fat thickness (GC), back fat thickness (GD), adjusted intramuscular fat (GI), marbling (M) and carcass yield grade (R). Adjusted means and phenotypic correlations between traits were estimated with PROC MIXED and PROC CORR of SAS®. The fixed effects included in the models were breed, sex of the animal, herd, year of measurement, season of measurement, and age in days at measurement as a covariate; sire nested in breed was included as a random effect. The effect of breed was significan for GC (p<0.001), R (p<0.07) and GD (p<0.07). The effects of sex and season were significant (p<0.001) for all the evaluated traits. The correlations of AOL with all other traits were significant (p<0.001); negative with GI and M; and positive with GC, GD, and R. The correlations of GC with GD and R were important and positive (p<0.001). Selecting phenotypes to increase lean meat can lead to a decreased fat content. The positive phenotypic correlations between R and carcass quality traits would imply that the aforementioned traits can be improved without any adverse effects on them and R in the population.

Resumen: El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de algunos factores en características de la canal y las correlaciones fenotípicas entre ellas. Se utilizó la información de registro de 514 bovinos Simmental y 178 Simbrah nacidos entre 2011 y 2018 en México. Las características evaluadas fueron área del ojo del lomo (AOL), grasa de la cadera (GC), grasa dorsal (GD), grasa intramuscular ajustada (GI), marmoleo (M) y grado de rendimiento en canal (R). Las medias ajustadas y las correlaciones fenotípicas entre características se estimaron con PROC MIXED y PROC CORR de SAS®. Los efectos fijos incluidos en los modelos fueron: raza, sexo del animal, hato, año de medición, época de medición y edad en días a la medición como covariable lineal; se incluyó al semental anidado en raza como efecto aleatorio. El efecto de raza fue significativo para GC (p<0,001), R (p<0,07) y GD (p<0,07). Los efectos de sexo y época fueron significativos (p<0,001) para todas las características evaluadas. Las correlaciones de AOL con las otras características estudiadas fueron significativas (p<0,001); negativas con GI y M; y positivas con GC, GD y R. Las correlaciones de GC con GD y R fueron importantes y positivas (p<0,001). La selección de fenotipos para aumentar la carne magra puede conducir a una disminución del contenido de grasa. Las correlaciones fenotípicas positivas entre R y los rasgos de calidad de la canal implicarían que los rasgos mencionados pueden mejorarse sin ningún efecto adverso en éstos y R en la población.

Abstract: This study determined the in vitro effects of ethyl nitroacetate (ENA), ethyl 2-nitropropionate (E-2-NPP) and 3-nitropropionic acid (NPA) on ruminal production of CH4, H2, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and in vitro dry matter disappearance of ground alfalfa. In vitro incubations were carried out over 24-h succeeding days (3 batches). Total gas and methane production decreased with all nitro compounds (P < 0.05) in all the batches. Total production of VFAs was reduced by ENA and E-2- NPP (P < 0.05), but not by NPA. DM disappearance was similar between treatments but decreased across batches. Further studies should be aimed at understanding the impact of NPA on ruminal metabolism, as well as its effect on in vivo models.

Abstract Background: Agricultural management modifies the microclimate in the cultivated area, improving the physiology and productivity of plants. Questions: How does the microclimate, physiology and productivity of maize vary in a monoculture (M) and a milpa (polyculture, MFC) in shallow and deep soils of Yucatan? Study species: Zea mays L. Study site and date: Yucatán, Mexico; 2022 Methods: Air and soil temperature, water vapor pressure deficit, dew formation and volumetric soil water content (CVA); CO2 assimilation (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), water use efficiency, chlorophyll content (CC), quantum efficiency, electron transport rate and non-photochemical dissipation in maize plants were measured at 40 and 75 days after planting, in milpas and monocultures in Peto (shallow soil with high stoniness) and Mama (deeper soils with low stoniness), Yucatán. Results: The soil temperature was up to 5 °C higher in Peto and 2 °C in Mama in M compared to MFC, where soil water was also up to 22 % higher than in M. Maize plants in Mama showed higher A and E than those of Peto; the plants in MFC in Peto had higher A, E and gs than those of M; the opposite was observed in Mama. The CRA and CC were higher in MFC plants in Peto. Conclusions: The microclimatic modification associated with the polyculture, and its effect on maize was related to the soil: the Milpa was more productive on stony soils and monoculture in deep soils. The CVA was higher in MFC.

Resumen Antecedentes: El manejo agrícola modifica el microclima en el área de cultivo, afectando la fisiología y productividad de las plantas. Preguntas: ¿Cómo varía el microclima, fisiología y productividad del maíz en un monocultivo (M) y una milpa (policultivo, MFC) en suelos profundo y superficial de Yucatán? Especie de estudio: Zea mays L. Sitio de estudio: Yucatán, México; 2022 Métodos: Se midió temperatura del aire y suelo, déficit de presión de vapor, formación de rocío y contenido volumétrico de agua en suelo (CVA); asimilación de CO2 (A), transpiración (E), conductancia estomática (gs), eficiencia en el uso del agua, contenido de clorofila (CC), eficiencia cuántica, tasa de transporte de electrones y disipación no fotoquímica en plantas de maíz a 40 y 75 días después de la siembra, en milpas y monocultivos en Peto (suelo superficial, alta pedregosidad) y Mama (suelo más profundo, baja pedregosidad), Yucatán. Resultados: La temperatura del suelo fue hasta 5 °C mayor en Peto y 2 °C en Mama en M respecto a MFC, que registró hasta 22 % mayor CVA que M. El maíz en Mama presentó mayor A y E que en Peto; las plantas en MFC en Peto tuvieron mayor A, E y gs que las de M; en Mama fue lo contrario. El CRA y CC fue mayor en plantas de MFC en Peto. Conclusiones: La modificación microclimática y su efecto sobre el maíz dependió del suelo: MFC fue más productiva en suelos superficiales, mientras M en suelos profundos. El CVA fue mayor en MFC.

Abstract Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Diagnosis is based on the Mc-Donalds criteria, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, and the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) which assesses disease progression. These criteria do not include the recently described cortical lesions. The aim of the study was to describe the most frequent location and morphology of cortical lesions in patients with MS in Puebla, Mexico. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted on patients with MS at a tertiary care hospital. Patients diagnosed with relapsing-remitting, secondary-progressive, and progressive-relapsing MS variants with cranial magnetic resonance imaging were included in the study. Age, sex, MS variant, EDSS score, cognitive impairment, annual relapse rate, morphology, location, and number of cortical lesions were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used. To compare features between groups, the χ2 test was used, and for correlations, the Spearman's Correlation Coefficient was used. A p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Twenty-five patients met the selection criteria. The most frequent location of cortical lesions was the parietal region 84%, and the second was the temporal region 16%. The most common morphology was juxtacortical at 64% and mixed at 36%. The most frequent variant of MS was relapsing-remitting, present in 92%, and 8% had the secondary progressive variant. In the EDSS scale, the scores most frequently observed were 0.0 and 3.5. Conclusions: The most frequent location of cortical lesions was in the parietal region, and the most common morphology was juxtacortical.

Resumen Objetivo: La esclerosis múltiple es una enfermedad desmielinizante inflamatoria crónica del sistema nervioso central. El diagnóstico se basa en los criterios de Mc-Donalds, los estudios de Resonancia Magnética y la Escala Expandida del Estado de Discapacidad (EDSS) que evalúa la progresión de la enfermedad. Estos criterios no incluyen las lesiones corticales descritas recientemente. Describir la localización y morfología más frecuente de lesiones corticales en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple en Puebla, México. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, transversal y analítico en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple en un hospital de tercer nivel de atención. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de Esclerosis Múltiple con variantes Remitente-Recurrente, Secundaria-Progresiva y Progresiva-Recurrente con resonancia magnética de cráneo. Se evaluó edad, sexo, variante de esclerosis múltiple, puntaje de EDSS, deterioro cognitivo, tasa de recaída anual, morfología, ubicación y numero de lesiones corticales. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Para comparar características entre grupos se utilizó χ2, para correlaciones se utilizó Coeficiente de Correlación de Spearman. Una p ≤ 0.05 se consideró significativa. Resultados: 25 pacientes cumplieron con criterios de selección. La localización más frecuente de lesiones corticales fue la región parietal 84% y la segunda temporal 16%. La morfología más frecuente fue la yuxtacortical en un 64%, y la mixta en 36%. La variante más frecuente de esclerosis múltiple fue Remitente-Recurrente presente en 92%, y 8% la variante Secundaria Progresiva. En la escala de EDDS la puntuación con mayor frecuencia fue 0.0 y 3.5. Conclusiones: La localización más frecuente de las lesiones corticales fue en región parietal y la morfología más frecuente la yuxtacortical.

ABSTRACT Secondary metabolites of Capsicum spp. have biological activity, which can be modified by external factors as the amount of incident light and soil water availability during crop growing, and by internal factors as fruit ripeness level. The study aim was to determine by HPLC method the phytochemical profile of C. annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill (AMA and GAR genotypes) and C. frutescens L. (PIP genotype) grown under open sky and 70% shade during dry and rainy harvest season. Phytochemicals were affected by genotype, light level, harvest season, and fruit ripeness level. Phytochemicals number changed among genotypes: PIP > AMA> GAR. In immature fruits AMA (4.74 mg g-1) and GAR (3.83 mg g-1) had highest capsaicin content; and PIP (0.43 (g g-1), AMA (0.18 (g g-1) and GAR (0.14 (g g-1) in lutein content in all harvest seasons and light level conditions studied. In mature fruits, PIP had the highest capsaicin (5.77 mg g-1) and β-carotene (0.45 (g g-1) content. Gallic and syringic acids were major constituents of phenolics acids, and quercetin and rutin for flavonoids. Mature and immature fruits from 70% shade showed the quercetin highest content (108.4-160.02 (g g-1), increasing during dry season (180.9-1368.6 (g g-1). Gallic acid (789.3-1076.7 (g g-1) and rutin (114.0 (g g-1) increased in AMA immature fruits when grown under open sky. Ferulic acid was not detected in GAR under any of the conditions studied. In AMA, ferulic, protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were detected only in rainy season fruits in both light levels. The harvest season and shading level of these Capsicum spp. should be considered when evaluating the biological activity of chili peppers fruits extracts in tropical crops.

Abstract Background: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is one of the most frequent causes of intestinal failure, needing parenteral nutrition to maintain an energy-protein and water-electrolyte balance. At the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG), the formation of two stomas is a technique used for intestinal rehabilitation, where the use of residue through the bypass technique (BT) helps to maintain gastrointestinal functionality, water-electrolyte, and nutritional stability. This study aimed to describe the technique of using intestinal residue through BT as a treatment strategy in intestinal rehabilitation and its effect on the biochemical and nutritional status of pediatric patients with SBS. Methods: An analytical and retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in patients hospitalized at HIMFG with SBS who underwent BT during their hospital stay between 2019 and 2020 and then followed up for 8 weeks. Results: A total of 10 patients were included in this study, with a mean age of 24 months; 50% were female. BT was able to reduce the inflammatory process in the liver caused by the continuous use of parenteral nutrition; enteral caloric intake increased from 25.32 kcal/kg/day to 72.94 kcal/kg/day, but it was insufficient to improve their nutritional status. Conclusions: BT is a safe and effective alternative in intestinal rehabilitation in patients with SBS to stimulate trophism and intestinal functionality, allowing a progression of enteral feeding and a decrease in the hepatic inflammatory process that occurs in these patients with prolonged parenteral nutrition.

Resumen Introducción: El síndrome de intestino corto (SIC) es una de las causas más frecuentes de insuficiencia intestinal que requiere del uso de nutrición parenteral para mantener un balance energético-proteico e hidroelectrolítico. En el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG) la formación de dos estomas es una técnica empleada para la rehabilitación intestinal, donde con el aprovechamiento de residuo mediante la técnica de puenteo (TP) se ayuda a mantener la funcionalidad gastrointestinal, equilibrio hidro-electrolítico y estabilidad nutricional. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la técnica del aprovechamiento de residuo intestinal mediante TP como estrategia de tratamiento en la rehabilitación intestinal y su efecto en el estado bioquímico y nutricional de pacientes pediátricos con SIC. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal analítico y retrospectivo en pacientes hospitalizados en el HIMFG con SIC en quienes se realizó la TP durante su estancia intrahospitalaria entre 2019 y 2020. Resultados: Se incluyeron 10 pacientes en este estudio, con una edad promedio de 24 meses, y el 50% de sexo femenino. La TP logró disminuir el proceso inflamatorio hepático ocasionado por el uso continuo de nutrición parenteral; la ingesta calórica por vía enteral incrementó de 25.32 kcal/kg/día a 72.94 kcal/kg/día, pero fue insuficiente para mejorar el estado nutricional. Conclusiones: La TP es una alternativa segura y efectiva en la rehabilitación intestinal en pacientes con SIC para estimular el trofismo y funcionalidad intestinal, permitiendo una progresión de la alimentación enteral y disminución del proceso inflamatorio hepático que se presentan en estos pacientes con nutrición parenteral prolongada.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the effectiveness and safety of a magistral formulation of diltiazem 2% rectal gel as a treatment for chronic anal fissure. Material and methods: A retrospective observational study of all patients that began treatment with diltiazem 2% gel during 2019. The primary endpoint of the study was anal fissure healing. We also looked for differences in effectiveness between those initiating treatment and those who had been previously treated, long-term effectiveness through a 2-year follow-up and frequency of adverse effects. Results: Of the 166 patients included in the study, anal fissure healed in 72.9%. We detected adverse effects in 12 patients, the most common was local irritation. After 2 years of follow-up, 88% of patients did not relapse. Conclusion: In this study, use of topical diltiazem 2% has been shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of anal fissure and should be considered as the first line of therapy.

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es describir la efectividad y la seguridad de una fórmula magistral de diltiazem 2% gel rectal, como tratamiento de la fisura anal crónica. Material y métodos: Un studio observacional retrospectivo de todos los pacientes que comenzaron a ser tratados con diltiazem 2% gel durante el año 2019. La variable principal del estudio fue la cicatrización de la fisura anal. También se buscaron diferencias de efectividad entre aquellos que iniciaban el tratamiento y los que ya habían sido tratados previamente, efectividad a largo plazo mediante un seguimiento de 2 años y frecuencia de aparición de efectos adversos Resultados: De los 166 pacientes incluidos en el estudio, el 72,9% cicatrizaron la fisura anal. No detectamos diferencias estadísticamente significativas de efectividad entre los pacientes naive y aquellos que ya habían sido tratados. Detectamos efectos adversos en 12 pacientes, siendo el más frecuente la irritación local. Tras 2 años de seguimiento, el 88% de los pacientes no presentaron ninguna recaída. Conclusión: En este estudio, el uso de diltiazem 2% tópico ha mostrado ser efectivo y seguro en el tratamiento de la fisura anal y debería considerarse como primera línea terapéutica.