Hypertension is one of the primary modifiable risk factors for morbidity and mortality worldwide, being a major risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke, and kidney failure. Furthermore, it is highly prevalent, affecting more than one-third of the global population. Blood pressure measurement is a MANDATORY procedure in any medical care setting and is carried out by various healthcare professionals. However, it is still commonly performed without the necessary technical care. Since the diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurement, it is clear how important it is to handle the techniques, methods, and equipment used in its execution with care. It should be emphasized that once the diagnosis is made, all short-term, medium-term, and long-term investigations and treatments are based on the results of blood pressure measurement. Therefore, improper techniques and/or equipment can lead to incorrect diagnoses, either underestimating or overestimating values, resulting in inappropriate actions and significant health and economic losses for individuals and nations. Once the correct diagnosis is made, as knowledge of the importance of proper treatment advances, with the adoption of more detailed normal values and careful treatment objectives towards achieving stricter blood pressure goals, the importance of precision in blood pressure measurement is also reinforced. Blood pressure measurement (described below) is usually performed using the traditional method, the so-called casual or office measurement. Over time, alternatives have been added to it, through the use of semi-automatic or automatic devices by the patients themselves, in waiting rooms or outside the office, in their own homes, or in public spaces. A step further was taken with the use of semi-automatic devices equipped with memory that allow sequential measurements outside the office (ABPM; or HBPM) and other automatic devices that allow programmed measurements over longer periods (HBPM). Some aspects of blood pressure measurement can interfere with obtaining reliable results and, consequently, cause harm in decision-making. These include the importance of using average values, the variation in blood pressure during the day, and short-term variability. These aspects have encouraged the performance of a greater number of measurements in various situations, and different guidelines have advocated the use of equipment that promotes these actions. Devices that perform HBPM or ABPM, which, in addition to allowing greater precision, when used together, detect white coat hypertension (WCH), masked hypertension (MH), sleep blood pressure alterations, and resistant hypertension (RHT) (defined in Chapter 2 of this guideline), are gaining more and more importance. Taking these details into account, we must emphasize that information related to diagnosis, classification, and goal setting is still based on office blood pressure measurement, and for this reason, all attention must be given to the proper execution of this procedure.

La hipertensión arterial (HTA) es uno de los principales factores de riesgo modificables para la morbilidad y mortalidad en todo el mundo, siendo uno de los mayores factores de riesgo para la enfermedad de las arterias coronarias, el accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y la insuficiencia renal. Además, es altamente prevalente y afecta a más de un tercio de la población mundial. La medición de la presión arterial (PA) es un procedimiento OBLIGATORIO en cualquier atención médica o realizado por diferentes profesionales de la salud. Sin embargo, todavía se realiza comúnmente sin los cuidados técnicos necesarios. Dado que el diagnóstico se basa en la medición de la PA, es claro el cuidado que debe haber con las técnicas, los métodos y los equipos utilizados en su realización. Debemos enfatizar que una vez realizado el diagnóstico, todas las investigaciones y tratamientos a corto, mediano y largo plazo se basan en los resultados de la medición de la PA. Por lo tanto, las técnicas y/o equipos inadecuados pueden llevar a diagnósticos incorrectos, subestimando o sobreestimando valores y resultando en conductas inadecuadas y pérdidas significativas para la salud y la economía de las personas y las naciones. Una vez realizado el diagnóstico correcto, a medida que avanza el conocimiento sobre la importancia del tratamiento adecuado, con la adopción de valores de normalidad más detallados y objetivos de tratamiento más cuidadosos hacia metas de PA más estrictas, también se refuerza la importancia de la precisión en la medición de la PA. La medición de la PA (descrita a continuación) generalmente se realiza mediante el método tradicional, la llamada medición casual o de consultorio. Con el tiempo, se han agregado alternativas a través del uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos o automáticos por parte del propio paciente, en salas de espera o fuera del consultorio, en su propia residencia o en espacios públicos. Se dio un paso más con el uso de dispositivos semiautomáticos equipados con memoria que permiten mediciones secuenciales fuera del consultorio (AMPA; o MRPA) y otros automáticos que permiten mediciones programadas durante períodos más largos (MAPA). Algunos aspectos en la medición de la PA pueden interferir en la obtención de resultados confiables y, en consecuencia, causar daños en las decisiones a tomar. Estos incluyen la importancia de usar valores promedio, la variación de la PA durante el día y la variabilidad a corto plazo. Estos aspectos han alentado la realización de un mayor número de mediciones en diversas situaciones, y diferentes pautas han abogado por el uso de equipos que promuevan estas acciones. Los dispositivos que realizan MRPA o MAPA, que además de permitir una mayor precisión, cuando se usan juntos, detectan la hipertensión de bata blanca (HBB), la hipertensión enmascarada (HM), las alteraciones de la PA durante el sueño y la hipertensión resistente (HR) (definida en el Capítulo 2 de esta guía), están ganando cada vez más importancia. Teniendo en cuenta estos detalles, debemos enfatizar que la información relacionada con el diagnóstico, la clasificación y el establecimiento de objetivos todavía se basa en la medición de la presión arterial en el consultorio, y por esta razón, se debe prestar toda la atención a la ejecución adecuada de este procedimiento.

A hipertensão arterial (HA) é um dos principais fatores de risco modificáveis para morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, sendo um dos maiores fatores de risco para doença arterial coronária, acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) e insuficiência renal. Além disso, é altamente prevalente e atinge mais de um terço da população mundial. A medida da PA é procedimento OBRIGATÓRIO em qualquer atendimento médico ou realizado por diferentes profissionais de saúde. Contudo, ainda é comumente realizada sem os cuidados técnicos necessários. Como o diagnóstico se baseia na medida da PA, fica claro o cuidado que deve haver com as técnicas, os métodos e os equipamentos utilizados na sua realização. Deve-se reforçar que, feito o diagnóstico, toda a investigação e os tratamentos de curto, médio e longo prazos são feitos com base nos resultados da medida da PA. Assim, técnicas e/ou equipamentos inadequados podem levar a diagnósticos incorretos, tanto subestimando quanto superestimando valores e levando a condutas inadequadas e grandes prejuízos à saúde e à economia das pessoas e das nações. Uma vez feito o diagnóstico correto, na medida em que avança o conhecimento da importância do tratamento adequado, com a adoção de valores de normalidade mais detalhados e com objetivos de tratamento mais cuidadosos no sentido do alcance de metas de PA mais rigorosas, fica também reforçada a importância da precisão na medida da PA. A medida da PA (descrita a seguir) é habitualmente feita pelo método tradicional, a assim chamada medida casual ou de consultório. Ao longo do tempo, foram agregadas alternativas a ela, mediante o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos ou automáticos pelo próprio paciente, nas salas de espera ou fora do consultório, em sua própria residência ou em espaços públicos. Um passo adiante foi dado com o uso de equipamentos semiautomáticos providos de memória que permitem medidas sequenciais fora do consultório (AMPA; ou MRPA) e outros automáticos que permitem medidas programadas por períodos mais prolongados (MAPA). Alguns aspectos na medida da PA podem interferir na obtenção de resultados fidedignos e, consequentemente, causar prejuízo nas condutas a serem tomadas. Entre eles, estão: a importância de serem utilizados valores médios, a variação da PA durante o dia e a variabilidade a curto prazo. Esses aspectos têm estimulado a realização de maior número de medidas em diversas situações, e as diferentes diretrizes têm preconizado o uso de equipamentos que favoreçam essas ações. Ganham cada vez mais espaço os equipamentos que realizam MRPA ou MAPA, que, além de permitirem maior precisão, se empregados em conjunto, detectam a HA do avental branco (HAB), HA mascarada (HM), alterações da PA no sono e HA resistente (HAR) (definidos no Capítulo 2 desta diretriz). Resguardados esses detalhes, devemos ressaltar que as informações relacionadas a diagnóstico, classificação e estabelecimento de metas ainda são baseadas na medida da PA de consultório e, por esse motivo, toda a atenção deve ser dada à realização desse procedimento.

Abstract: The use of wood as a bioenergetic source requires knowledge of its technical properties. The rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis has an economic life cycle of 25 to 30 years in Brazil. It is used for extracting rubber and generating residual wood for fuel. Our goal was to characterize the wood quality of 10 clonal progenies as a source of raw material for bioenergy. Ten clonal progenies of 12-year-old Hevea brasiliensis from an experimental planting in Selvíria municipality were evaluated. Three trees per clone were evaluated for individual properties of Higher Heating Value, immediate chemical analysis, chemical composition, fiber dimensions, thermogravimetric analysis of wood under nitrogen atmosphere and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis. We highlight clone IAC 311 for fuel because it presents elevated Higher Heating Value and fixed carbon and less volatile material. However, the other genetic materials studied also meet the specifications for energy use and can be highly viable given their physical, chemical, energy, and thermal properties.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a cultura de segurança do paciente a partir da percepção dos profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital universitário, por meio da avaliação da convergência entre o Safety Attitudes Questionnaire e o Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Métodos: estudo transversal, com 434 profissionais de enfermagem. A coleta dos dados ocorreu mediante aplicação de ambos os instrumentos. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: no Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, a dimensão “trabalho em equipe no âmbito das unidades” foi considerada uma área forte da segurança do paciente. No Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, os domínios “satisfação no trabalho” e “percepção de estresse” atingiram o escore para boa cultura de segurança. A percepção de cultura de segurança do paciente se correlaciona, em ambos os instrumentos, com magnitude elevada. Conclusões: os dois instrumentos convergem para uma avaliação semelhante da cultura de segurança do paciente.

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze patient safety culture from nursing professionals’ perception at a university hospital, by assessing the convergence between the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire and the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Methods: a cross-sectional study, with 434 nursing professionals. Data collection took place through the application of both instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: in the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, the “teamwork within the units” dimension was considered a strong area of patient safety. In the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, the “job satisfaction” and “perception of stress” domains reached the score for a good safety culture. Patient safety culture perception is correlated, in both instruments, with high magnitude. Conclusions: the two instruments converge towards a similar assessment of patient safety culture.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la cultura de seguridad del paciente a partir de la percepción de los profesionales de enfermería de un hospital universitario, evaluando la convergencia entre el Safety Attitudes Questionnaire y el Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. Métodos: estudio transversal, con 434 profesionales de enfermería. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación de ambos instrumentos. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: en la Encuesta Hospitalaria sobre Cultura de Seguridad del Paciente, la dimensión “trabajo en equipo dentro de las unidades” fue considerada un área fuerte de la seguridad del paciente. En el Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, los dominios “satisfacción en el trabajo” y “percepción de estrés” alcanzaron el puntaje de una buena cultura de seguridad. La percepción de cultura de seguridad del paciente se correlaciona, en ambos instrumentos, con magnitud alta. Conclusiones: los dos instrumentos convergen hacia una evaluación similar de la cultura de seguridad del paciente.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Social distancing has led to lifestyle changes among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence risk of sarcopenia (RS) and investigate its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in older Brazilian adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional observational analysis of baseline data as part of the Remobilize Study. METHODS: Participants in the study were older adults (≥ 60 years), excluding those who were bedridden or institutionalized. The data collected consisted of answers about the RS (SARC-F), functional status, walking, sedentary behavior (SB), pain, comorbidity, and life space mobility. RESULTS: A total of 1,482 older adults (70 ± 8.14 years, 74% women) participated in the study, and an RS prevalence of 17.1% was found. (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.25–19.15%). The adjusted multivariate model showed a significant association between RS and functional limitation (odds ratio [OR]: 19.05; CI 13.00–28.32), comorbidity (OR: 5.11; CI 3.44–7.81), pain (OR: 4.56; CI 3.33–6.28), total walking (OR: 0.99; CI 0.99–1.00), SB of 8–10 hours (OR: 1.85; CI 1.15–2.93), and SB of > 10 hours (OR: 3.93; CI 2.48–6.22). RS was associated with mobility during the pandemic (OR: 0.97; CI 0.96–0.98). P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: During the pandemic, the prevalence of RS in older Brazilians was estimated at 17.1%. Moderate to severe functional limitation, comorbidities, presence of pain, walking, longer SB period, and reduced life space mobility significantly contributed to RS in older adults during the pandemic.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Identifying the relationship between maximum consumption of oxygen and body fat percentage is important due to increased cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to verify the association between body fat percentage determined by three predictive equations using anthropometric measures (Lohman, Boileau, and Slaughter) and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). We also aimed to estimate the capacity of these equations for explaining VO2max variations in adolescents according to sex. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in high schools in São José, Southern Brazil. METHODS: This study included 879 adolescents (14–19 years) from Southern Brazil. Aerobic fitness was assessed using the modified Canadian Aerobic Fitness Test. The independent variable was body fat percentage predicted by the Lohman, Boileau, and Slaughter equations. Analyses adjusted for sociodemographic variables, physical activity level, and sexual maturation were performed with P value < 0.05. RESULTS: All anthropometric prediction equations used to estimate body fat percentage explained VO2max variations in adolescents. In male adolescents, both regression models based on the Boileau et al.12 and Lohman10 equations revealed higher explanatory power for VO2max (20%) compared with that based on the Slaughter et al.13 equation (19%). In female adolescents, the model based on the anthropometric equation of Slaughter et al.13 showed the greatest explanatory power for VO2max (18%). CONCLUSION: The inverse relationship between VO2max and body fat intensifies the need for effective intervention programs that prioritize maintenance of appropriate body fat and aerobic fitness levels because inadequate levels of both factors result in negative health consequences.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a condition in pediatric surgery that ranges from intestine necrosis to death. Ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) methods were developed to reduce the damage caused by revascularization. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of these methods in an experimental weaning rat model. Methods: Thirty-two 21-day-old Wistar rats were allocated into four groups according to the surgical procedure performed: control, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), local (LIPoC) and remote IPoC (RIPoC). At euthanasia, fragments of the intestine, liver, lungs, and kidneys were submitted to histological, histomorphometric, and molecular analyses. Results: In the duodenum, intestines, and kidneys histological alterations promoted by IRI were reversed by remote postconditioning method. In the distal ileum, the histomorphometric alterations could be reversed by the postconditioning methods with more evident effects promoted by the remote method. The molecular analysis found that the levels of expression of Bax (proapoptotic) and Bcl-XL (antiapoptotic) genes in the intestine were increased by IRI. These alterations were equally reversed by the postconditioning methods, with more evident effects of the remote method. Conclusions: IPoC methods positively reduced the damage caused by IRI in weaning rats.

ABSTRACT Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) and Hippodamia convergens (Guérin-Meneville) are voracious generalist predators, and important aphid control agents. In an environment containing a complex of species, the occurrence of intraguild interactions can interfere in the predator behavior and consumption. The aim of this work was to know the number of nymphs of Rhodobium porosum (Sanderson) and Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus) consumed by larvae of C. externa and H. convergens, and the interaction between these predators when confined together. First, second and third instar nymphs of R. porosum and M. rosae were provided in Petri dishes containing rose leaflets and second instar larvae of the predators. Intraguild interaction was studied in Petri dishes containing first instar nymphs of both aphid species and a second instar larva of C. externa plus one of H. convergens. A third treatment consisted of dishes containing a second instar larva of both predators maintained in the absence of prey. The evaluations took place throughout the entire instar of the predators. C. externa consumed a greater number of R. porosum nymphs and H. convergens a greater number of M. rosae nymphs. For both species of prey, the highest consumption was verified on the last day of evaluation. There was a positive interaction when the predator’s larvae were confined in the presence of aphid nymphs, with no mortality observed for any of them. In the absence of prey, there was 70% mortality of H. convergens larvae due to intraguild predation.

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze scientific articles about School and Educational Psychology, specifically related to the training of psychologists. We carried out a systematic review of articles (2009-2019), using the Portal Periódicos CAPES platform, using the descriptors “school psychology AND psychologist training” and “educational psychology AND psychologist training”. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria and identifying repeated articles, we proceeded with the selection by reading the publications, resulting in a total of 26 articles, mostly published in the Revista de Psicologia Escolar e Educational. In the discussions, we identified the use of traditional practices, clinical instruments and clinical practices as a questioning point related to forms of stigmatization and the absence of theoretical references specific to School Psychology. As for training in the area, questions emerge about initial and continuing training, little curricular space for School Psychology and Historical-Cultural Psychology as a methodological alternative for action.

RESUMEN Este texto tiene por objetivo analizar artículos científicos sobre Psicología escolar/educacional, específicamente relacionados a la formación de psicólogos. Realizamos una revisión sistemática de artículos (2009-2019), por la plataforma Portal Periódicos CAPES, utilizando los descriptores “psicología escolar AND formación del psicólogo” y “psicología educacional AND formación del psicólogo”. Tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión e identificación de artículos repetidos, procedemos la selección por la lectura de las publicaciones, resultando en un total de 26 artículos, en su mayoría publicados en la Revista de Psicología Escolar/Educacional. En las discusiones, identificamos el uso de prácticas tradicionales, de instrumentales y prácticas clínicos como punto de problematización relacionado a las formas de estigmatización y a la ausencia de referenciales teóricos propios de la Psicología Escolar. En lo que se refiere a la formación en el área, emergen cuestiones sobre formación inicial y continuada, poco espacio curricular para Psicología escolar y la Psicología Histórico-Cultural como alternativa metodológica para actuación.

RESUMO Este texto objetiva analisar artigos científicos sobre Psicologia Escolar/Educacional, especificamente relacionados à formação de psicólogos. Realizamos uma revisão sistemática de artigos (2009-2019), pela plataforma Portal Periódicos CAPES, mediante os descritores “psicologia escolar AND formação do psicólogo” e “psicologia educacional AND formação do psicólogo”. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e identificação de artigos repetidos, procedemos à seleção pela leitura das publicações, resultando um total de 26 artigos, em sua maioria publicados na Revista de Psicologia Escolar e Educacional. Nas discussões, identificamos o uso de práticas tradicionais, de instrumentais clínicos e práticas clínicas como ponto de problematização relacionado às formas de estigmatização e a ausência de referenciais teóricos próprios da Psicologia Escolar. Quanto à formação na área, emergem questões sobre formação inicial e continuada, pouco espaço curricular para Psicologia Escolar e a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural como alternativa metodológica para atuação.

ABSTRACT The problem of finding the shortest path between a source and a destination node, commonly represented by graphs, has several computational algorithms as an attempt to find what is called the minimum path. Depending on the number of nodes in-between the source and destination, the process of finding the shortest path can demand a high computational cost (with polynomial complexity). A solution to reduce the computational cost is the use of the concept of parallelism, which divides the algorithm tasks between the processing cores. This article presents a comparative analysis of the main algorithms of the shortest path class: Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford, Floyd-Warshall and Johnson. The performance of each algorithm was evaluated considering different parallelization approaches and they were applied on general and open-pit mining databases present in the literature. The experimental results showed an improvement in performance of about 55% on the execution time depending on the chosen parallelization point.

Resumo Objetivo Verificar os efeitos da obrigatoriedade da nova norma sobre reconhecimento de receitas na qualidade dos accruals e gerenciamento de resultados em empresas brasileiras abertas listadas na B3. Referencial teórico Ao exigir maior julgamento e discricionariedade na avaliação das obrigações de desempenho das empresas, a IFRS15 pode fornecer maior espaço para a influência gerencial na qualidade dos lucros. Metodologia Foram utilizadas 305 companhias brasileiras com dados anuais, entre 2011 e 2021. Como proxies da qualidade, foram utilizados o modelo de qualidade dos accruals de Dechow e Dichev (2002) e o modelo de gerenciamento de resultados de Pae (2005). Foram estimados dois modelos por meio de regressões quantílicas para verificar se a nova norma possui efeito na qualidade dos lucros. Resultados Após adoção da norma, há evidências de redução na qualidade dos accruals, de empresas do setor de tecnologia, bem como aumento no gerenciamento de resultados de modo geral, em especial no setor de produtos industrializados. A partir da pesquisa é possível constatar que há evidências de que a IFRS 15 não trouxe melhorias na qualidade dos lucros em empresas brasileiras abertas. Implicações práticas e sociais da pesquisa Em razão do não alcance dos objetivos iniciais esperados pela implantação do IFRS 15 no Brasil, abre-se um sinal para que os normatizadores monitorem a evolução das implicações do uso dessa norma, buscando eventualmente aperfeiçoá-la na busca de alinhar o exercício de julgamento do gestor a práticas que melhorem a qualidade da informação contábil. Contribuições Este estudo fornece evidências que um novo padrão contábil resultou em uma redução na qualidade dos lucros reportados, contribuindo na formulação de mecanismos de aperfeiçoamento da aplicação da norma especialmente, nos setores mais afetados.

Abstract Purpose To verify the effects of the mandatory nature of the new rule on revenue recognition on the quality of accruals and earnings management in publicly held Brazilian companies listed on the B3. Theoretical framework By requiring greater judgment and discretion in assessing companies' performance obligations, IFRS 15 can provide greater scope for managerial influence on earnings quality. Design/methodology/approach A total of 305 Brazilian companies were used with annual data covering 2011 to 2021. As proxies for quality, the accruals quality model by Dechow and Dichev (2002) and the earnings management model by Pae (2005) were used. In addition, two models were estimated using quantile regressions to verify whether the new standard affects earnings quality. Findings After the adoption of the standard, there is evidence of a reduction in the quality of accruals of companies in the technology sector and an increase in earnings management in general, especially in the industrialized products sector. From the research, it is possible to verify that there is evidence that IFRS 15 did not bring improvements in earnings quality in Brazilian public companies. Practical & social implications of research Due to the failure to achieve the initial objectives expected by the implementation of IFRS 15 in Brazil, standard setters should monitor the evolution of the implications of the use of this standard, eventually seeking to improve it in the search to align the exercise of manager judgment to practices that improve the quality of accounting information. Originality/value This study provides evidence that a new accounting standard resulted in a reduction in the quality of reported earnings, contributing to the formulation of mechanisms to improve the application of the standard, especially in the most affected sectors.

ABSTRACT The Amazon region is one of the most pristine continental areas whose concentrations of atmospheric trace gases and aerosol particles are very low, mainly in the wet season. This study provides observational results of aerosol optical and radiative characteristics in situ as well as atmospheric columnar at a pristine forest in Central Amazonia. Spectral variation of the aerosol properties (aerosol optical depth [AOD], single scattering albedo [SSA], and asymmetry parameter [AP]) was evaluated using the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data. The SSA values under natural atmospheric column conditions (AERONET) were compared to the SSA values calculated with in situ measurements. The values of shortwave aerosol radiative forcing (SWARF) on top of the atmosphere (TOA) and the surface (SUR) were estimated using the SBDART model and were validated with the AERONET values with regression analysis. SWARF had a high correlation to TOA (0.97) and SUR (0.92), including dry and wet seasons. Monthly, seasonal and annual mean values of SWARFTOA and SWARFSUR were negative while SWARFATM values were positive. SWARFTOA was -9.18 ± 2.80 W m-2 and SWARFSUR was -20.77 ± 5.04 W m-2 in the dry season, inducing a heating rate (HR) of 0.37 ± 0.13 K.day-1. This study showed that, for a long series of measurements, the effects caused by aerosols on the radiative flux in the pristine forest of Central Amazonia were of the order of SWARFTOA of -3.66 ± 1.59 W m-2 and SWARFSUR of -11.86 ± 2.35 W m-2 during the wet season.

RESUMEN La región del Amazonas es una de las áreas continentales más impolutas, cuyas concentraciones de gases traza atmosféricos y partículas de aerosol son muy bajas, sobre todo en la estación húmeda. El presente estudio proporciona resultados observacionales in situ tanto de las características ópticas y radiativas como de la columna atmosférica de los aerosoles en un bosque virgen de la Amazonia Central. Se evaluó la variación espectral de las propiedades de los aerosoles (profundidad óptica de aerosoles [AOD, por sus siglas en inglés], albedo de dispersión simple [SSA] y parámetro de asimetría [AP]) utilizando para ello datos de la Red Robótica de Aerosoles (AERONET). Los valores de SSA en condiciones naturales de la columna atmosférica (obtenidos de AERONET) se compararon con valores de SSA obtenidos de mediciones in situ. Se estimaron los valores del forzamiento radiativo de onda corta (SWARF) en el techo de la atmósfera (TOA) y en la superficie (SUR) con datos del modelo SBDART y se validaron con valores de AERONET utilizando análisis de regresión. Los valores de SWARF tuvieron una alta correlación con los de TOA (0.97) y SUR (0.92), incluyendo las temporadas húmeda y seca. Los valores promedio mensuales, estacionales y anuales de SWARFTOA y SWARFSUR fueron negativos, en tanto que los de SWARFATM fueron positivos. Los valores de SWARFTOA fueron de -9.18 ± 2.80 W m-2 y los de SWARFSUR de -20.77 ± 5.04 W m-2 en la estación seca, induciendo una tasa de calentamiento (HR) de 0.37 ± 0.13 K día-1. El presente estudio muestra que, para series largas de medición, los efectos ocasionados por los aerosoles en el flujo radiativo en un bosque virgen de la Amazonia Central fueron del orden de -3.66 ± 1.59 W m-2 para SWARFTOA y de -11.86 ± 2.35 W m-2 para SWARFSUR durante la temporada húmeda.

Resumo A represa Billings é um reservatório importante para o abastecimento público da região metropolitana de São Paulo, no Brasil, e a captação de água para abastecimento público está localizada no compartimento ambiental Rio Grande. Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a qualidade das águas do compartimento ambiental Corpo Central I da represa Billings, que recebe as águas revertidas do poluído rio Pinheiros, em quatro pontos de coleta com contribuição do entorno diferenciada, buscando verificar a influência da sazonalidade nos resultados obtidos e se houve diferença da qualidade da água entre os pontos de coleta. As coletas de água foram realizadas na superfície em quatro pontos, em um perfil longitudinal, contemplando dois períodos (estiagem e chuvoso) distribuídos em seis coletas, entre os anos de 2016 e 2019. As variáveis analisadas foram temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido, pH, condutividade elétrica, clorofila-a e nutrientes (fósforo e nitrogênio). Os testes de Interação Espaço-Tempo revelaram que as variáveis físico-químicas não variaram devido à interação entre os pontos e períodos de amostragem, mas diversas variáveis variaram significativamente em função do período de amostragem. O resultado do Índice de Estado Trófico evidenciou que as águas do Corpo Central I foram classificadas como Hipereutróficas, destacando a degradação da qualidade das águas neste compartimento. Os resultados desta pesquisa podem subsidiar os gestores públicos na tentativa de minimizar os efeitos da degradação progressiva da qualidade da água deste reservatório.

Abstract The Billings Reservoir is an important water body for public supply of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil, and water captation for public supply is located in the Rio Grande environmental compartment. This article evaluates the water quality of the environmental compartment Central Body I of the Billings Reservoir, which receives the reversed waters from the polluted Pinheiros River, at four sampling points with different contributions from the surroundings, seeking to verify the influence of seasonality on water quality and whether there was a difference in water quality between the sampling points. Water sampling was carried out on the surface at four points, in a longitudinal profile, covering two periods (dry and rainy) distributed in six samplings between 2016 and 2019. Analyzed variables included temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, electrical conductivity, chlorophyll-a and nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen). Space-Time Interaction tests revealed that physicochemical variables did not vary due to the interaction between sampling periods and points, but several variables varied significantly during the sampling period. The results of the Trophic State Index show that waters of Central Body I are classified as Hypereutrophic, highlighting the degradation of water quality in this compartment. This research will better inform public managers and assist their efforts to minimize and mitigate the effects of progressive water quality degradation in this reservoir.

RESUMO Objetivos Identificar as manifestações de dor crônica (DC), ansiedade e sintomas depressivos em estudantes de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública federal em tempos de pandemia, analisando a associação entre essas variáveis, e descrever as características sociodemográficas e de hábitos de vida na população estudada. Método Estudo quantitativo, transversal, observacional e analítico, realizado de julho a novembro de 2020, com amostra de 119 estudantes de Enfermagem matriculados no segundo semestre de 2020. Foram utilizados questionários para caracterização sociodemográfica e de hábitos de vida, o mapa corporal da Escala Multidimensional de Avaliação de Dor, o Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado e o Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Resultados A maioria dos estudantes de Enfermagem da amostra é do sexo feminino, com idade média de 23,4 anos, e 37,8% convivem com DC. Os estudantes com DC apresentaram maiores níveis de ansiedade e mais sintomas depressivos. Verificou-se associação entre DC, ansiedade e sintomas depressivos nessa amostra. Conclusão Durante o período pandêmico investigado, foi encontrada associação entre DC, ansiedade e sintomas depressivos na população de estudantes de Enfermagem da universidade investigada, indicando que os acadêmicos com DC experimentam maiores níveis de ansiedade e mais sintomas depressivos do que aqueles sem DC.

ABSTRACT Objectives To identify the manifestations of chronic pain (CP), anxiety, and depressive symptoms in nursing students at a federal public university in pandemic times, analyzing the association between these variables and to describe population characteristics. Method This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study carried out from July to November 2020 with a sample of 119 nursing students enrolled in the second half of 2020. Questionnaires were used to characterize sociodemographic and lifestyle habits, the body map of the Multidimensional Pain Evaluation Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results Nursing students in the studied sample are mostly female, with a mean age of 23.4 years, and 37.8% live with CP. Students with CP had higher anxiety levels and more depressive symptoms. There was an association between PC, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in this sample. Conclusion During the pandemic period investigated, an association was found between PC, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in the population of nursing students at the studied university, indicating that those who live with PC experience higher anxiety levels and more depressive symptoms than students without PC.

RESUMEN Objetivos Identificar las manifestaciones de dolor crónico (DC), ansiedad y síntomas depresivos en estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública federal en tiempos de pandemia, analizando la asociación entre estas variables; y describir las características de la población. Método Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, observacional y analítico, realizado de julio a noviembre de 2020, con una muestra de 119 estudiantes de enfermería matriculados en el segundo semestre de 2020. Se utilizaron cuestionarios para caracterizar hábitos sociodemográficos y de estilo de vida: el mapa corporal de la Escala Multidimensional de Evaluación del Dolor, el Inventario de Ansiedad Rasgo-Estado y el Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Resultados La mayoría de los estudiantes de enfermería de la muestra estudiada son mujeres, con una edad media de 23,4 años, y el 37,8% vive con DC. Los estudiantes con DC tenían niveles más altos de ansiedad y más síntomas depresivos. Hubo una asociación entre DC, ansiedad y síntomas depresivos en esta muestra. Conclusión Durante el período pandémico investigado, se encontró asociación entre DC, ansiedad y síntomas depresivos en la población de estudiantes de Enfermería de la universidad estudiada, señalando que quienes viven con DC experimentan mayores niveles de ansiedad y más síntomas depresivos que los estudiantes sin DC.

BACKGROUND In Brazil, the yellow fever virus (YFV) is maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving wild mosquitoes and non-human primates (NHPs). The virus is endemic to the Amazon region; however, waves of epidemic expansion reaching other Brazilian states sporadically occur, eventually causing spillovers to humans. OBJECTIVES To report a surveillance effort that led to the first confirmation of YFV in NHPs in the state of Minas Gerais (MG), Southeast region, in 2021. METHODS A surveillance network was created, encompassing the technology of smartphone applications and coordinated actions of several research institutions and health services to monitor and investigate NHP epizootics. FINDINGS When alerts were spread through the network, samples from NHPs were collected and YFV infection confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and genome sequencing at an interval of only 10 days. Near-complete genomes were generated using the Nanopore MinION sequencer. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that viral genomes were related to the South American genotype I, clustering with a genome detected in the Amazon region (state of Pará) in 2017, named YFVPA/MG sub-lineage. Fast YFV confirmation potentialised vaccination campaigns. MAIN CONCLUSIONS A new YFV introduction was detected in MG 6 years after the beginning of the major outbreak reported in the state (2015-2018). The YFV strain was not related to the sub-lineages previously reported in MG. No human cases have been reported, suggesting the importance of coordinated surveillance of NHPs using available technologies and supporting laboratories to ensure a quick response and implementation of contingency measures to avoid YFV spillover to humans.

RESUMO Objetivo: Pacientes com DPOC são propensos a remodelamento cardíaco; no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre a função cardíaca em pacientes em recuperação de exacerbação aguda da DPOC (EADPOC) e sua associação com a capacidade de exercício. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a função e estrutura cardíaca e comparar sua relação com a capacidade de exercício em pacientes com EADPOC recente e pacientes com DPOC clinicamente estável. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 40 pacientes com DPOC divididos igualmente em dois grupos: grupo EADPOC recente (GEA) e grupo DPOC clinicamente estável (GCE). Realizou-se ecocardiografia para avaliar a função cardíaca e a estrutura das câmaras. A distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos (DTC6) e o Duke Activity Status Index (Vo2 estimado) foram utilizados para avaliar a capacidade de exercício. Resultados: Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na função e estrutura cardíaca entre os grupos. A DTC6 apresentou associação com a razão entre as velocidades de enchimento diastólico mitral precoce e tardia (r = 0,50; p < 0,01), a espessura da parede posterior do ventrículo esquerdo (r = −0,33; p = 0,03) e o índice de volume do átrio direito (r = −0,34; p = 0,04), enquanto o Vo2 apresentou associação com o índice de volume do átrio direito (r = −0,40; p = 0,02). Conclusões: Independentemente da condição clínica (EADPOC recente vs. DPOC estável), a função e estrutura cardíaca eram semelhantes entre os grupos, e a capacidade de exercício (determinada pela DTC6 e pelo Vo2) apresentou associação com as características cardíacas.

ABSTRACT Objective: Patients with COPD are prone to cardiac remodeling; however, little is known about cardiac function in patients recovering from an acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and its association with exercise capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiac function and structure and to compare their relationship with exercise capacity in patients with a recent AECOPD and patients with clinically stable COPD. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study including 40 COPD patients equally divided into two groups: recent AECOPD group (AEG) and clinically stable COPD group (STG). Echocardiography was performed to assess cardiac function and chamber structure. The six-minute walk distance (6MWD) and the Duke Activity Status Index (estimated Vo2) were used in order to assess exercise capacity. Results: No significant differences in cardiac function and structure were found between the groups. The 6MWD was associated with early/late diastolic mitral filling velocity ratio (r = 0.50; p < 0.01), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (r = −0.33; p = 0.03), and right atrium volume index (r = −0.34; p = 0.04), whereas Vo2 was associated with right atrium volume index (r = −0.40; p = 0.02). Conclusions: Regardless of the clinical condition (recent AECOPD vs. stable COPD), the cardiac function and structure were similar between the groups, and exercise capacity (determined by the 6MWD and Vo2) was associated with cardiac features.