Abstract Studies have highlighted numerous benefits of ozone therapy in the field of medicine and dentistry, including its antimicrobial efficacy against various pathogenic microorganisms, its ability to modulate the immune system effectively, reduce inflammation, prevent hypoxia, and support tissue regeneration. However, its effects on dental extraction healing remain to be elucidated. Objective Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of systemically administered ozone (O3) at different doses in the healing of dental extraction sockets in rats. Methodology To this end, 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups after extraction of the right upper central incisor: Group C – control, no systemic treatment; Group OZ0.3 – animals received a single dose of 0.3 mg/kg O3; Group OZ0.7 – a single dose of 0.7 mg/kg O3; and Group OZ1.0 – a single dose of 1.0 mg/kg O3, intraperitoneally. In total, six animals from each group were euthanized at 7, 14, and 21 days after the commencement of treatment. Bone samples were harvested and further analyzed by descriptive histology, histomorphometry, and immunohistochemistry for osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) protein expression. Results All applied doses of O3 were shown to increase the percentage of bone tissue (PBT) after 21 days compared to group C. After 14 days, the OZ0.7 and OZ1.0 groups showed significantly higher PBT when compared to group C. The OZ1.0 group presented the most beneficial results regarding PBT among groups, which denotes a dose-dependent response. OCN immunostaining was higher in all groups at 21 days. However, after seven and 14 days, the OZ1.0 group showed a significant increase in OCN immunostaining compared to C group. No differences in TRAP+ osteoclasts were found between groups and time points. Conclusion Therefore, O3 therapy at higher doses might be beneficial for bone repair of the alveolar socket following tooth extraction. dentistry microorganisms effectively inflammation hypoxia regeneration However elucidated Therefore O (O3 end 7 incisor control treatment OZ03 OZ OZ0 3 OZ0. 03 0 0. mgkg mg kg OZ07 07 OZ10 OZ1 OZ1. 10 1 1. intraperitoneally total 2 histology histomorphometry (OCN tartrateresistant tartrate resistant TRAP (TRAP expression (PBT dosedependent dependent response points (O

Resumo Introdução O controle do biofilme peri-implantar desempenha um papel importante no sucesso a longo prazo dos implantes dentários. Alternativas de tratamento tópico visando a diminuição ou a prevenção do acumulo de biofilme ao redor dos componentes protéticos do implante é um fator crucial para a sucesso do tratamento. Objetivo Assim, o presente estudo avaliou clinicamente no período de 90 dias, os efeitos de um enxaguatório bucal liberador de oxigênio (BlueM®) após cirurgia de instalação de implante. Material e método Após a instalação dos implantes, os pacientes foram randomizados em dois grupos: grupo controle utilizaram enxaguatório bucal com clorexidina 0,12% e grupo BlueM utilizaram enxaguatório bucal liberador de oxigênio (BlueM). Todos participantes foram orientados a realizarem os bochechos 2 x/dia nos primeiros 10 dias, e 1 x/dia até completar 30 dias da cirurgia. Parâmetros clínicos foram avaliados: índice de placa visível (PV), sangramento marginal (SM), presença de cálculo (PC), presença de supuração (SUP), presença de mucosite (MU), extensão da faixa de gengiva ceratinizada (GC) realizados no ato da remoção da sutura (Baseline). No período de 90 dias do pós-operatório foram realizados os exames de profundidade de sondagem (PS), sangramento à sondagem (SS) e de presença de perimplantite (Pi). Resultado 9 pacientes foram incluídos neste estudo totalizando 38 implantes instalados. O grupo BlueM apresentou redução no SM, maior redução de PV. Os demais parâmetros avaliados foram semelhantes com o grupo controle. Conclusão Pode-se concluir que o enxaguatório BlueM demonstrou benefícios clínicos no controle do biofilme e no controle da inflamação gengival. periimplantar peri implantar dentários Assim BlueM® (BlueM® grupos 012 0 12 0,12 BlueM. . (BlueM) xdia x dia 3 PV, PV , (PV) SM (SM) PC, PC (PC) SUP, SUP (SUP) MU, MU (MU) GC (GC Baseline. Baseline (Baseline) pósoperatório pós operatório PS, PS (PS) SS (SS Pi. Pi (Pi) instalados Podese Pode se gengival (BlueM 01 0,1 (PV (SM (PC (SUP (MU (Baseline (PS (Pi 0,

Abstract Introduction The control of peri-implant biofilm plays a crucial role in the long-term success of dental implants. Topical treatment alternatives aimed at reducing or preventing biofilm accumulation around the implant's prosthetic components are critical for the success of the treatment. Objective The present study has clinically evaluated the effects of an oxygen-releasing mouthwash (BlueM®) over a 90-day period, following implant placement surgery. Material and method Inclusion and exclusion criteria allowed for the selection of participants who, after implant placement, were randomized into two groups: the control group, which used a 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash, and the BlueM group, which received the oxygen-releasing BlueM mouthwash. All participants were instructed to rinse twice daily for the first 10 days and once a day up to 30 days post-surgery. Clinical parameters were evaluated, including the visible plaque index (VP), marginal bleeding (MB), presence of calculus (PC), suppuration (SUP), mucositis (MU), and the extent of keratinized gingiva (KG). These data were collected at the time of suture removal (baseline). At 90 days postoperative, in addition to the aforementioned parameters, probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and the presence of peri-implantitis (PI) were evaluated. Result Nine patients were included in this study, with a total of 38 implants. The BlueM group demonstrated a reduction in MB and an even greater reduction in VP. The other assessed parameters showed similar results to those in the control group. Conclusion BlueM mouthwash has clinical benefits for biofilm control and gingival inflammation reduction. periimplant peri longterm long term implants s oxygenreleasing oxygen releasing BlueM® (BlueM® 90day period surgery who groups 012 0 12 0.12 1 3 postsurgery. postsurgery post post-surgery VP, VP , (VP) MB, (MB) PC, PC (PC) SUP, SUP (SUP) MU, MU (MU) KG. KG . (KG) baseline. baseline (baseline) 9 postoperative PD, PD (PD) BOP, BOP (BOP) periimplantitis implantitis PI (PI (BlueM 01 0.1 (VP (MB (PC (SUP (MU (KG (baseline (PD (BOP 0.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma avaliação comparativa de dois diferentes substitutos ósseos xenogênicos na consolidação óssea de defeitos ósseos de tamanho crítico (Ø = 5 mm) criados em calvária de ratos. Trinta animais foram randomizados em 3 grupos: no grupo controle (n=10), os defeitos foram preenchidos com coágulos sanguíneos; no grupo BO (n=10), os defeitos foram preenchidos com substituto ósseo medular bovino (Bio-Oss®) e no grupo BF (n=10), os defeitos foram preenchidos com substituto ósseo cortical bovino (Bonefill®). Todos os defeitos foram cobertos com membrana absorvível. Cinco animais de cada grupo foram eutanasiados aos 30 e 45 dias de pós-operatório, logo após foram realizadas análises histomorfométricas e imuno-histoquímicas. A histomorfometria foi utilizada para mensurar a porcentagem de neoformação óssea na área total do defeito original enquanto a imunohistoquímica avaliou a expressão de imunomarcadores ósseos para proteína morfogenética óssea 2/4 (BMP2/4), osteocalcina (OCN) e fosfatase ácida resistente ao tartarato (TRAP). Todos os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram que o grupo BO apresentou maior formação óssea em comparação ao grupo BF aos 30 dias (P<0,05). No entanto, não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos controle e BO aos 30 dias (P>0,05). As expressões de OCN e BMP2/4 foram maiores no grupo BO aos 45 dias em comparação ao BF aos 30 e 45 dias respectivamente (P<0,05). Concluiu-se que mesmo com a diferença da alta expressão de proteínas relacionadas a formação óssea, ambos os biomateriais não demonstraram diferenças na indução de formação óssea após 45 dias pós-operatório. Ø mm ratos n=10, n10 n n=10 , 10 (n=10) sanguíneos BioOss® BioOss Bio Oss® Oss (Bio-Oss® Bonefill®. Bonefill Bonefill® . (Bonefill®) absorvível 4 pósoperatório, pósoperatório pós operatório, operatório pós-operatório imunohistoquímicas. imunohistoquímicas imuno histoquímicas. histoquímicas imuno-histoquímicas 24 2 2/ BMP2/4, BMP24 BMP BMP2 (BMP2/4) (OCN TRAP. TRAP (TRAP) 5% P<0,05. P005 P P<0,05 0 05 (P<0,05) entanto P>0,05. P>0,05 (P>0,05) BMP2/ Concluiuse Concluiu se pósoperatório. operatório. n1 n=1 1 (n=10 (Bio-Oss (Bonefill® (BMP2/4 (TRAP P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 P>0,0 (P>0,05 n= (n=1 (Bonefill (BMP2/ P0 P<0, (P<0,0 P>0, (P>0,0 (n= (BMP2 P<0 (P<0, P>0 (P>0, (n (BMP P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P

Abstract The purpose of this study was to provide an evaluation of two different xenogeneic bone substitutes in bone healing of critical-sized bone defects (Ø =5mm) created in rats calvaria. Thirty animals were randomized into 3 groups with one of the following treatments. In the control group (n=10), the defects were filled with blood clots; BO group (n=10), the defects were filled with bovine medullary bone substitute (Bio-Oss®); BF group (n=10), the defects were filled with bovine cortical bone substitute (Bonefill®). All defects were covered with an absorbable membrane. Five animals from each group were euthanized at 30 and 45 days, subsequently histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. The histomorphometry was used to measure the percentage of new bone formation in the total area of the defect while the immunohistochemistry evaluated the expression of bone immunomarkers for bone morphogenetic protein 2/4 (BMP2/4), osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Data was statistically analyzed with a 5% significance level. The results demonstrated that the BO group showed greater bone formation compared to the BF group at 30 days (P<0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the control and BO groups at 30 days (P>0.05). The expression of BMP2/4 and OCN were higher in the BO group at 45 days compared to the BF at 30 and 45 days respectively (P<0.05). In conclusion, even with the higher expression of proteins related to bone formation, there was no difference in new bone formation at 45 days when both anorganic bovine xenogenous grafts were evaluated. criticalsized critical sized Ø =5mm 5mm mm calvaria treatments n=10, n10 n n=10 , 10 (n=10) clots BioOss® BioOss Bio Oss® Oss (Bio-Oss®) Bonefill®. Bonefill Bonefill® . (Bonefill®) membrane 4 performed 24 2 2/ BMP2/4, BMP24 BMP BMP2 (BMP2/4) (OCN tartrateresistant tartrate resistant TRAP. TRAP (TRAP) 5 level P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 0 05 (P<0.05) However P>0.05. P>0.05 (P>0.05) BMP2/ conclusion n1 n=1 1 (n=10 (Bio-Oss® (Bonefill® (BMP2/4 (TRAP P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 P>0.0 (P>0.05 n= (n=1 (Bio-Oss (Bonefill (BMP2/ P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P>0. (P>0.0 (n= (BMP2 P<0 (P<0. P>0 (P>0. (n (BMP P< (P<0 P> (P>0 (P< (P> (P

Abstract Surgical procedures, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, individually or in association, are current oncological treatments. Among the most used chemotherapy drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is an antimetabolite with a broad spectrum of action. This study evaluated the effects of probiotics (PRO) as an adjuvant to the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats immunosuppressed with 5FU. Methodology 108 rats were randomly allocated to six different groups: EP; SS – systemic treatment with saline solution (SS); 5FU – systemic treatment with 5FU; 5FU+PRO – systemic treatment with 5FU, followed by the local administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; 5FU+SRP – systemic treatment with 5-FU, followed by scaling and root planing (SRP); and 5FU+SRP+PRO – systemic treatment with 5FU followed by local treatments with SRP and PRO. Immunosuppression was obtained at two points: at the time of ligature installation and after 48 h. Six animals from each group were euthanized at seven, 15, and 30 d and hemimandibles were collected and processed for histopathological, histometric, and immunohistochemical analysis. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (α=5%). Results At 7 d, the 5FU+PRO group showed less bone resorption and better structured connective tissue compared with the EP, SS, 5FU+SRP, and 5FU+SRP+PRO groups. At 15 d, the 5FU+SRP group showed a greater intensity of the inflammatory response (p<0.05). At 30 d, the 5FU+SRP+PRO group showed better structured bone tissue and a higher percentage of bone tissue (PBT) than the EP, SS, 5FU, and 5FU+PRO groups (p<0.05). Conclusion The use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as monotherapy or as an adjuvant to periodontal therapy may have a positive effect on bone repair in immunosuppressed conditions. procedures radiotherapy association drugs 5fluorouracil fluorouracil 5 FU (5FU action PRO (PRO EP (EP 10 (SS) 5FUPRO FUPRO 5FUSRP FUSRP FU, 5-FU (SRP) 5FUSRPPRO FUSRPPRO points 4 h seven 3 histopathological histometric α=5%. α5 α α=5% . (α=5%) 1 p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) PBT (PBT conditions (SS (SRP α=5 (α=5% p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 α= (α=5 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 (α= p<0 (p<0. (α p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract There are several studies that evaluate the use of lasers in periodontal treatment in non-surgical or surgical therapy. However, while several studies showed clinically beneficial effects of some lasers in periodontal treatment, there are few clinical reports of additional advantages of lasers as adjunctive treatments in periodontology. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate and critically analyze the level of scientific evidence of effects of low-level lasers and high-power lasers in periodontology. A narrative review of the studies was carried out in each topic and type of laser or periodontal treatment. In nonsurgical periodontal therapy the results showed that there is an additional clinical benefit when using a diode laser (DL) associated with scaling and root planing (SRP) in patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. The Er:YAG laser seems to be the most suitable for nonsurgical periodontal therapy and promotes the same clinical effects as conventional therapy. In periodontal surgery vaporization of the gingival or mucosal tissue can be carried out with DL, CO2, Nd:YAG, Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers. Photobiomodulation (PBM), mediated by low-level lasers associated with non-surgical periodontal therapy, promotes additional benefits in the short term and accelerates the bone and gingival tissue repair process and also reduces postoperative symptoms of periodontal surgery. The effect of antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy is relevant in the initial reevaluation periods. Studies have shown controversial results of the use of lasers in periodontics, and this fact may be due to the lack of standard parameters of irradiation in each clinical application.

Resumo Introdução Dentre os efeitos terapêuticos da ozonioterapia, destacam-se a melhora do metabolismo celular e da oxigenação dos tecidos periféricos. Objetivo avaliar o efeito sistêmico da terapia bio-oxidativa com gás ozônio na cicatrização de feridas. Material e método Lesões teciduais com circunferência de 1,0 cm foram induzidas na pele do dorso de 24 ratos Wistar machos. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: 1) Grupo C (controle; n = 12): com simulação da aplicação de gás ozônio pelo reto e, 2) Grupo O3 (teste; n = 12): com aplicação de gás ozônio por meio de insuflação retal na concentração de 50 µg / mL. Os animais foram sacrificados com sete e 15 dias, e as amostras foram retiradas, fixadas em formalina e submetidas às análises macroscópica, histológica e histométrica. Resultado Os animais do grupo O3 apresentaram inflamação mista aos sete dias, que se traduziu em ausência de inflamação aos 15 dias. O grupo C apresentou inflamação aguda no 7º dia, traduzindo-se em inflamação crônica, que aumentou significativamente do 7º para o 15º dia. Os achados mostraram que o grupo O3 apresentou maior contração da ferida (P <0,05) e maior grau de neovascularização no 7º dia (P <0,05) quando comparado ao grupo C. No 15º dia, ambos os grupos (O3 e C) apresentaram completa reepitelização, entretanto, o grupo O3 demonstrou completa regeneração muscular. Conclusão A ozonioterapia sistêmica teve efeito biomodulador, reduzindo as características de inflamação aguda e aumentando a reparação e regeneração tecidual na pele de ratos.

Abstract Introduction Among the therapeutic effects of ozone therapy, improvement in cell metabolism and peripheral tissue oxygenation have been highlighted. Objective to evaluate the systemic effect of bio-oxidative therapy with ozone gas on wound healing. Material and method Tissue lesions with a circumference of 1.0 cm were induced in the skin on the back of 24 male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: 1) Group C (control; n=12): with simulation of the application of ozone gas via the rectum and, 2) Group O3 (test; n=12): with application of ozone gas by means of rectal insufflation at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. The animals were euthanized at seven and 15 days, and samples were removed, fixed in formalin, and submitted to macroscopic, histological, and histometric analyses. Result The animals in the O3 group presented mixed inflammation at seven days, which translated into an absence of inflammation at 15 days. The C group exhibited acute inflammation on the 7th day, translating to chronic inflammation, which significantly increased from the 7th to the 15th day. The findings showed that the O3 group presented greater wound contraction (P<0.05) and a greater degree of neovascularization on the 7th day (P<0.05) when compared to group C. On the 15th day, both groups (O3 and C) showed complete re-epithelialization, however, the O3 group demonstrated complete muscle regeneration. Conclusion The systemic ozone therapy had a biomodulatory effect, reducing the characteristics of acute inflammation and increasing tissue repair and regeneration in rat skin.

Resumo Introdução A associação entre tabagismo e doença periodontal tem sido descrito em estudos clínicos e epidemiológicos. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os níveis de LL-37 e beta defensina-2 (hBD-2) no fluido crevicular de pacientes com periodontite generalizada fumantes (F) e não fumantes (NF). Material e método Um total de 35 pacientes com periodontite generalizada estágios III e IV, 15 NF (11 mulheres, 4 homens) e 20 F (7 mulheres e 13 homens), foram incluídos no estudo. Os parâmetros clínicos avaliados foram sangramento à sondagem (SS), profundidade de sondagem (PS) e nível de inserção clínica (NIC). Ensaios imuno enzimáticos foram realizados para quantificar os níveis de LL-37 e hBD-2 no fluido crevicular das gengivas dos pacientes. Resultado Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, com nível de significância de 5%. Em relação aos parâmetros clínicos periodontais, não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa para SS e PS comparando os grupos F e NF. Houve maior NIC nos pacientes do grupo F, quando comparados ao grupo NF (p = 0,0095). Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os níveis de LL-37 e hBD-2 quando comparados os grupos F e NF (p> 0,05). Conclusão Concluiu-se que os fumantes apresentam maior perda de inserção clínica do que os não fumantes, mas o tabagismo não influenciou nos níveis de LL-37 e hBD-2 do fluido gengival em indivíduos com periodontite.

Abstract Introduction The association between smoking and periodontal diseases has been described in clinical and epidemiological studies. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the LL-37 and human β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) levels in crevicular fluid of patients with generalized periodontitis in smokers (S) and nonsmokers (NS). Material and method A total of 35 patients with generalized periodontitis stages III and IV, 15 NS (11 female, 4 male) and 20 S (7 female and 13 male), were included in the study. The evaluated clinical parameters were bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to quantify the LL-37 and hBD-2 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid of these patients. The results were analyzed statistically with the level of significance set at 5%. Result In relation to periodontal clinical parameters, no statistically significant difference was observed for BOP and PD between groups S and NS. There was a higher CAL in the S group than in the NS group (p = 0.0095). There was no statistically significant difference between the levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 when comparing groups S and NS (p>0.05). Conclusion It was concluded that smokers have a higher clinical attachment loss than nonsmokers, but that smoking did not influence the levels of LL-37 and hBD-2 in the gingival crevicular fluid in periodontitis.

Abstract The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the effect of systemic antibiotics in the periodontal treatment of smokers. The selection criteria were as follows: controlled randomized clinical trials; studies published in English; studies with smoker patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis; patients without systemic diseases; studies that used systemic antibiotic therapy associated with periodontal treatment; studies that presented results for the test and control groups and assessments of clinical periodontal parameters, such as probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL). The differences in average weights were calculated with a confidence interval (CI) of 95% for PD reduction, CAL gain and BOP. The means of the periodontal clinical parameters were compared between the baseline and post-treatment periods between the test groups and the control groups. The heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran Q test (Q (df = 3), α = 5%). A total of 67 articles were found, and after the selection process, three randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. The results indicate that SRP associated with systemic antibiotics promoted additional benefits when compared to SRP alone, with a greater reduction of PD (p = 0.0359, CI = -0.42, -0.01) and a gain of CAL (p = 0.0161, CI = -0.39, -0.04). There was a modest PD reduction (PD, DM -0.21) and a modest CAL gain (CAL, DM -0.22). The results of our meta-analysis reveal the clinical benefits of systemic antibiotics as an adjunct to the non-surgical periodontal treatment of smokers. These clinical improvements, although statistically significant, appeared to be of little clinical relevance.

INTRODUÇÃO: Estudos recentes são direcionados a explorar a relação da faixa da mucosa queratinizada com a saúde dos tecidos peri-implantares. Quando esta faixa não é suficiente, uma cirurgia para o aumento de mucosa queratinizada pode ser indicada, pois tem sido relatado que a presença ou a reconstrução de tecido queratinizado ao redor de implantes pode facilitar os procedimentos restauradores, promover a estética e ainda permitir a manutenção de uma higienização oral rotineira sem irritação ou desconforto ao paciente. Dentre os procedimentos cirúrgicos disponíveis, a técnica do enxerto gengival livre é consagrada na literatura periodontal para aumento da faixa de mucosa queratinizada. OBJETIVO: Este estudo relata um caso clínico em que foi realizada cirurgia de enxerto gengival livre com objetivo de aumentar a faixa da mucosa queratinizada na região de implantes previamente instalados na maxila, para suporte de prótese tipo protocolo. RELATO DO CASO: Foi realizada a cirurgia de enxerto gengival livre na região anterior da maxila, obtido do palato, na qual haviam sido instalados implantes osseointegrados para suporte de prótese tipo protocolo e a mucosa peri-implantar apresentava-se sem tecido queratinizado e inflamada. Após dois meses de reparação da cirurgia mucogengival, foi possível observar que o enxerto gengival livre favoreceu a saúde peri-implantar e os procedimentos protéticos de moldagem. CONCLUSÃO: Diante dos resultados clínicos, pode-se concluir que o enxerto gengival livre é uma técnica previsível e de fácil realização para aumento da faixa de mucosa queratinizada em mucosa peri-implantar de prótese protocolo.

INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have evaluated the relationship between the width of keratinized mucosa and peri-implant tissue health. Insufficiently wide keratinized tissue can be increased surgically, for example by free gingival grafting. The presence or reconstruction of keratinized tissue around the implant can facilitate restorative procedures, promote aesthetics and allow the maintenance of an oral hygiene routine without irritation or discomfort to the patient. OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient who underwent free gingival graft surgery to increase the width of keratinized tissue in the region of previously implants to support a type of prosthetic protocol. CASE REPORT: A patient who had received dental implants to support a type of prosthetic protocol presented with inflamed peri‑implant mucosa, but with no keratinized tissue. Free gingival tissue was obtained from the palate and grafted into the anterior maxilla. Sixty days after muco-gingival surgery, we observed that the free gingival graft favored peri-implant health and prosthetic casting. CONCLUSION: The free gingival graft technique is both easy to perform and effective in increasing the width of keratinized mucosa following implantation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare subgingival irrigation with tetracycline hydrochloride (TTC-HCL) as adjunctive treatment to scaling and root planning (SRP) on induced periodontitis in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 60 rats, periodontal disease was ligature-induced at the mandibular left first molar. After 7 days, the ligature was removed and all animals were submitted to SRP, and divided into 2 groups according to the following treatment: C (n=30) - subgingival irrigation with 1 mL of saline; T (n=30) - subgingival irrigation with 1 mL of TTC-HCL (50 mg/mL). Ten animals in each group were euthanized at 7, 15 and 30 days posttreatment. The histometric values were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). RESULTS: In the histometric analysis, at 7, 15 and 30 days, Group T (0.72±0.05 mm², 0.57±0.14 mm², 0.62±0.07 mm²), showed less bone loss (p<0.05) than Group C (1.35±0.25 mm²; 1.40±0.31 mm²; 1.29±0.27 mm²), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Subgingival irrigation with TTC-HCL was an effective adjunctive treatment for periodontal disease induced in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess radiographically the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an adjunctive treatment to scaling and root planing (SRP) on induced periodontitis in dexamethasone-induced immunosuppressed rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The animals were divided into 2 groups: ND group (n=60): saline treatment; D group (n=60): dexamethasone treatment. In both ND and D groups, periodontal disease was induced by the placement of a ligature in the left first mandibular molar. After 7 days, ligature was removed and all animals received SRP, being divided according to the following treatments: SRP: saline and PDT: phenothiazinium dye (TBO) plus laser irradiation. Ten animals per treatment were killed at 7, 15 and 30 days. The distance between the cementoenamel junction and the height of the alveolar bone crest in the mesial surface of the mandibular left first molars was determined in millimeters in each radiograph. he radiographic values were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at a p value <0.05. RESULTS: Intragroup radiographic assessment (ND and D groups) showed that there was statistically signifcant less bone loss in the animals treated with PDT in all experimental periods compared to those submitted to SRP. Intergroup radiographic analysis (ND and D groups) demonstrated that there was greater bone loss in the ND group treated with SRP compared to the D group treated with PDT at 7 and 30 days. CONCLUSION: PDT was an effective adjunctive treatment to SRP on induced periodontitis in dexamethasone-induced immunosuppressed rats.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the histometry of ligature-induced periodontitis in rats at different histological section depths. Sixteen male adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to two groups: ligature and control. In the ligature group, rats received a sterile 4/0 silk ligature around the maxillary right 2nd molar. Thirty serial sections containing the 1st and 2nd molars, in which the coronal and root pulp, cementoenamel junction (CEJ) in the mesial side of the 2nd molar, interproximal alveolar bone and connective fiber attachment were clearly visible, were selected for histometric analysis. The histological sections were clustered in groups of 10 sections corresponding the buccal (B), central (C) and lingual (L) regions of the of periodontal tissue samples. The distance between the CEJ in the mesial side of the 2nd molar and the attached periodontal ligament fibers (CEJ-PL) as well as the distance between the CEJ and the alveolar bone crest (CEJ-BC) were determined. From CEJ-PL and CEJ-BC distances measured for each specimen, the measurements obtained in the B, L and C regions were recorded individually and together. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. Significant differences (p<0.001) were observed between the control and ligature groups regarding CEJ-PL (0.05 mm and 0.26 mm, respectively) and CEJ-BC (0.47 mm and 0.77 mm, respectively) measurements. Regarding the depth of the buccal, central and lingual planes, the means of CEJ-PL and CEJ-BC of both groups showed no statistically significant differences (p>0.05). In conclusion, the selection of 10 serial sections of the central region of periodontal tissue samples at any depth can be considered as representative for the evaluation of periodontal ligament fiber attachment and bone loss in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar morfologicamente, através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, os efeitos do laser de Er:YAG no tratamento de superfícies radiculares submetidas à raspagem e aplainamento radicular com instrumentos manuais. Foram utilizados 18 espécimes (n = 18) de superfícies radiculares que após ser submetidos à raspagem e aplainamento radicular foram divididos em 3 grupos (n = 6). O grupo controle (G1) não sofreu nenhum tratamento; Grupo 2 (G2) foi irradiado com laser de Er:YAG (2,94 mim) 47 mJ/10 Hz, focalizado,com refrigeração à água durante 15 s e fluência de pulso de 0,57 J/cm²; Grupo 3 (G3) foi irradiado com laser de Er:YAG (2,94 mim), 83 mJ/10 Hz, focalizado, com refrigeração à agua durante 15 s e fluência de pulso de 1,03 J/cm². Através da análise dos resultados podemos concluir que o laser de Er:YAG nos parâmetros utilizados no G3 promove a remoção de "smear layer" da superfície radicular e exposição dos túbulos dentinários, porém o laser promove aspecto irregular na superfície, apesar de não demonstrar crateras, fendas, fraturas e carbonização, necessitando de estudos que demonstrem a biocompatibilidade desta superfície no processo de reparo periodontal.

The purpose of this study was to morphologically evaluate, by means of scanning electron microscopy, the effects of Er:YAG laser on the treatment of root surfaces submitted to scaling and root planing with conventional periodontal instruments. Eighteen root surfaces (n = 18), which had been previously scaled and planed, were assigned to 3 groups (n = 6). The control Group (G1) received no further treatment; Group 2 (G2) was irradiated with Er:YAG laser (2.94 mum), with 47 mJ/10 Hz, in a focused mode with air/water spray during 15 s and with 0.57 J/cm² of fluency per pulse; Group 3 (G 3) was irradiated with Er:YAG laser (2.94 mum), with 83 mJ/10 Hz, in a focused mode with air/water spray during 15 s and with 1.03 J/cm² of fluency per pulse. We concluded that the parameters adopted for Group 3 removed the smear layer from the root surface, exposing the dentinal tubules. Although no fissures, cracks or carbonized areas were observed, an irregular surface was produced by Er:YAG laser irradiation. Thus, the biocompatibility of the irradiated root surface, within the periodontal healing process, must be assessed.