Summary: The cocoa crop is very susceptible to nutritional deficiencies and moniliasis caused by the phytopathogen Moniliophthora roreri. One of the alternatives to synthetic chemicals are compounds based on silicon (Si). In the present investigation, the ef fect of silicon as a biostimulant in cocoa cultivation and as a biological control agent for M. roreri was evaluated. In the experiment, five Si treatments were used: T1 (4.00 kg ha-1), T2 (3.00 kg ha-1), T3 (2.00 kg ha-1) and T4 (1.5 kg ha-1) and a control treatment (without application). Production indicators, ear number, fresh and dry weight of almonds, dry weight of 100 almonds and crop yield were determined. In addition, the incidence and severity of the disease at 60, 120 and 180 days af ter the application of Si and the ef ficiency of the treatments. The significantly higher results for the variables: Production, ear number, fresh and dry weight of almond and dry weight of 100 almonds, were obtained by applying 4 kg ha-1 of Si, all doses of Si exceeded the control (P ≤ 0.05) in the variables related to production. In the control of the phytopathogen (M. roreri), the dose of 4 kg ha-1 Si decreased the incidence and severity of the disease by more than 50%. The application of Si can be an option in cocoa cultivation as a biostimulant and biological control agent for M. roreri.

Resumen: El cultivo del cacao es muy susceptible a deficiencias nutrimentales y a la moniliasis ocasionada por el fitopatógeno Moniliophthora roreri. Una de las alternativas a los productos químicos sintéticos son los compuestos a base de silicio (Si). En la presente investigación se evaluó el efecto del silicio como bioestimulante en el cultivo de cacao y agente de control biológico de M. roreri. En el experimento se utilizaron cincos tratamientos de Si: T1 (4.00 kg ha-1), T2 (3.00 kg ha-1), T3 (2.00 kg ha-1) y T4 (1.5 kg ha-1) y un tratamiento control (sin aplicación). Se determinaron los indicadores de producción, número de mazorca, peso fresco y seco de almendras, peso seco de 100 almendras y el rendimiento del cultivo. Además, de la incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad a los 60, 120 y 180 días después de la aplicación del Si y la eficiencia de los tratamientos. Los resultados significativamente superiores para las variables: Producción, número mazorca, peso fresco y seco de almendra y peso seco de 100 almendra, se obtuvieron mediante la aplicación de 4 kg ha-1 de Si, todas las dosis de Si superaron al control (P ≤ 0.05) en las variables relacionas a la producción. En el control del fitopatógeno (M. roreri), la dosis de 4 kg ha-1 Si disminuyó la incidencia y la severidad de la enfermedad en más del 50%. La aplicación de Si puede ser una opción en el cultivo de cacao como bioestimulante y agente de control biológico de M. roreri.

Abstract Orchids are a diverse group of plants, also manifested in their great diversity of flowers. Despite this, orchids are pollinated either through autogamy or allogamy (geitonogamy and xenogamy). Although there are some autogamous orchids, the majority are allogamous, mainly pollinated by xenogamy since they present physical or genetic barriers that prevent self-pollination. In addition, orchids are known for their capacity for interspecific pollination, which could influence fruits (metaxenia) and seeds (xenia) production. Its capacity for hybridization represents an opportunity to produce organisms tolerant to biotic or abiotic stress, in addition to exhibiting new shapes, colors and fragrances; this would be important in horticulture, where the proper selection of parents provides those advantages to the descendant hybrids. This review addresses the characteristics of each type of reproduction systems in orchids, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, the study of the induction effect of metaxenia and xenia in this family is proposed. Finally, the production of orchid hybrids is contextualized and the opportunities of this approach in the near future.

Resumen Las orquídeas son un grupo diverso de plantas, manifestado además en su gran diversidad de flores. A pesar de esto, las orquídeas son polinizadas ya sea mediante autogamia o alogamia (geitonogamia y xenogamia). Si bien existen algunas orquídeas autógamas, la mayoría son alógamas, principalmente polinizadas por xenogamia, ya que presentan barreras físicas o genéticas que evitan la autopolinización. Además, las orquídeas son conocidas por su capacidad de polinización interespecífica, la cual podría influenciar la producción de frutos (metaxenia) y de semillas (xenia). Su capacidad de hibridación representa una oportunidad para producir organismos tolerantes a estrés biótico o abiótico, además de exhibir nuevas formas, colores y fragancias; esto sería importante en horticultura, donde la selección adecuada de los parentales proporciona esas ventajas a los híbridos descendientes. En esta revisión se abordan las características de cada tipo de sistema de reproducción en orquídeas, así como sus ventajas y desventajas. A su vez, se propone el estudio del efecto de inducción de metaxenia y xenia en esta familia. Finalmente, se contextualiza la producción de híbridos de orquídeas, y las oportunidades de este enfoque en el futuro próximo.

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the impact of cholecalciferol (D₃ ) supplementation using clinical and paraclinical variables in patients with RA and vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included patients from 5 to 40 years with a diagnosis of RA and vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. They were supplemented for 8 weeks with 4000 or levels at baseline and at the end of the study. Results: A total of 31 patients were included, with a mean age of 18.19 years. In the active group, there was a significant improvement in symptomatology with respect to the TNSS score and an increase in serum vitamin D levels (p < 0.01). There were no adverse reactions with cholecalciferol or placebo. Conclusions: Supplementing patients with vitamin D₃ , at the evaluated dose, together with conventional treatment for allergic rhinitis results in symptoms and quality of life improvement in patients with this disease.

Resumen Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto de la suplementación con colecalciferol (D₃) mediante variables clínicas y para clínicas en pacientes con RA e insuficiencia y deficiencia de vitamina D. Métodos: Estudio aleatorio, doble ciego, placebo controlado, en el que se incluyeron pacientes de 5 a 40 años, con diagnóstico de RA e insuficiencia y deficiencia de vitamina D. Fueron suplementados con 4000 o 5000 UI,dependiendo de la edad, durante 8 semanas. Mensualmente se midió la puntuación total síntomas nasales (TNSS) y las concentraciones de 25(OH)D₃ al inicio y al final del estudio. Resultados: Se incluyeron 31 pacientes, con una edad promedio de 18.19 años. En el grupo activo existió una mejoría significativa en la sintomatología respecto a la puntación de TNSS y un incremento en los niveles séricos de vitamina D (p < 0.01). No se presentaron reacciones adversas con la ingesta de colecalciferol o placebo. Conclusiones: Suplementar a los pacientes con vitamina D₃ , a la dosis evaluada, junto con el tratamiento convencional para la rinitis alergica resulta en una mejoría sintomática y en la calidad de vida de los pacientes con esta enfermedad.

ABSTRACT Meloidogyne enterolobii is currently the most damaging nematode of the genus Meloidogyne due to its aggressiveness and ability to overcome existing sources of resistance; therefore, the search for genotypes with resistance in crops of high economic importance such as chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum) is one of the greatest challenges facing agricultural researchers. The aim of this study was to determine the level of resistance in C. annuum landraces from Mexico to different population densities of M. enterolobii. Five C. annuum landraces (UTC24, UTC25, UTC66, UTC67, and UTC90) and the commercial cv. Revelation were used. The experiment was conducted twice under greenhouse conditions with a randomized block design with four replicates per genotype and cultivar. Inoculation was performed on 21-d-old seedlings with inoculum doses of 0, 4500, 9000, and 13500 eggs plant-1. The gall index, reproduction factor, and reproduction index were evaluated at 42 and 63 d after inoculation. Genotypes UTC66, UTC67, and UTC90 showed a higher level of resistance with a damage percentage lower than 50% compared to ‘Revelation’ (susceptible). Genotype UTC90 showed the lowest reproduction factor and index, so it was considered a highly resistant genotype to an inoculum dose of 4500 M. enterolobii eggs with a damage percentage of less than 10%, while, at a dose of 13 500 eggs, its resistance level was intermediate. The results of this study contribute to the search for sources of resistance to M. enterolobii in chili pepper landraces.

Resumo Introdução: O estudo examina a prevalência e os fatores associados à fragilidade em idosos, destacando a escassez de pesquisas na América Latina e a necessidade de uma abordagem abrangente de cuidados de saúde para enfrentar essa preocupação epidemiológica crescente. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo descritivo correlacional transversal com uma fase multivariada foi determinar as variáveis de aptidão física que predizem a fragilidade em idosos de 60 a 64 anos. Foi realizado em Sabaneta, Antioquia, durante o primeiro semestre de 2021 com 125 indivíduos saudáveis com idades entre 60 e 64 anos. Metodologia: Para as variáveis qualitativas, sexo e fragilidade estavam relacionados estatisticamente de forma significativa. Para as variáveis quantitativas, “força das pernas”, “força dos braços direito e esquerdo”, “agilidade ao caminhar” e “endurance aeróbico ao caminhar” foram significativas em relação à fragilidade. Resultados: No modelo de regressão linear, constatou-se que a variável “agilidade ao caminhar” foi o preditor de fragilidade em idosos. Prevalência de condições frágeis em 85.6% dos casos, dos quais 48% tinham condições pré-frágeis. Variáveis como força dos braços, força das pernas, agilidade ao caminhar e endurance aeróbico ao caminhar foram estatisticamente significativas. Conclusões: A agilidade ao caminhar é um fator de risco preditivo para fragilidade em idosos. Indivíduos com agilidade ao caminhar diminuída têm uma probabilidade 26% maior de serem frágeis.

Abstract Introduction: The study examines the prevalence and factors associated with frailty in older adults, highlighting the scarcity of research in Latin America and the need for a comprehensive healthcare approach to address this growing epidemiological concern. Purpose: The aim of this cross-sectional correlational descriptive study with a multivariate phase was to determine the physical fitness variables that predict frailty in older adults aged 60-64 years. It was conducted in Sabaneta, Antioquia during the first semester of 2021 with 125 healthy individuals aged 60-64 years. Methodology: For the qualitative variables, sex and frailty were statistically significantly related. For the quantitative variables, “leg strength”, “right and left arm strength”, “walking agility”, and “aerobic walking endurance” were significant in relation to frailty. Results: In the linear regression model, it was found that the variable “walking agility” was the predictor of frailty in older adults. Prevalence of frail conditions in 85.6% of the cases, of which 48% had pre-frail conditions. Variables such as arm strength, leg strength, walking agility, and aerobic walking endurance were statistically significant. Conclusions: Walking agility is a predictive risk factor for frailty in older adults. Individuals with decreased walking agility have a 26% higher probability of being frail.

Resumen Introducción: El estudio examina la prevalencia y los factores asociados con la fragilidad en personas adultas mayores, destacando la escasez de investigaciones en América Latina y la necesidad de un enfoque integral de atención de salud para abordar esta creciente preocupación epidemiológica. Propósito: El objetivo de este estudio descriptivo transversal correlacional con fase multivariada fue determinar las variables de la condición física que predicen la fragilidad en las personas adultas mayores de entre 60 y 64 años del municipio de Sabaneta, Antioquia durante el primer semestre del 2021 con 125 personas sanas. Metodología: Para las variables cualitativas, el sexo y la fragilidad se relacionan de forma estadísticamente significativa. En las variables cuantitativas, “fuerza muscular de las piernas”, “fuerza muscular de los brazos derecha e izquierda”, “agilidad de marcha” y “resistencia aeróbica en marcha” se asociaron de forma estadísticamente significativa con la fragilidad. Resultados: En el modelo de regresión lineal, se evidenció que la variable “agilidad de la marcha” fue la predictora de fragilidad en la persona adulta mayor. Prevalencia de fragilidad en el 85.6 % de los casos, de los cuales el 48 % presentan condiciones de prefragilidad. Variables como la fuerza de los brazos, fuerza de las piernas, agilidad de la marcha y resistencia aeróbica en la marcha fueron estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: La agilidad de la marcha es un factor predictivo de riesgo de fragilidad en la persona adulta mayor. Las personas con disminución en la agilidad de la marcha tienen un 26 % más de probabilidades de ser frágiles.

Introduction: The heel pressure sore is common in patients without sensivity such as paraplejic ones. When the calcaneous bone is exposed, with or without osteomielytis, a flap have to be used. In our experience the fasciocutaneous cone flap have been a good solution. Material and Method: Since 2016 and 2022 we have operated on 12 patients with heel pressure sore in paraplejic patients. In six of them we found osteomyelitis so the antibiotics were administred for six weeks without recurrence. There were 10 men and two women. Ages vary from 35 to 65 years old. Patients were para and tetraplejic ones. All were treated with de fasciocutaneous cone flap. Surgical technique. The area of pressure sore was treated with surgical debridment. After that, the fasciocutaneous cone flap was built. The cone flap consist in two flap: the first is a rotation and advance flap and the second is a V-Y advance flap that covers the defect made for the first one. Results: All the flaps survive with no necrosis, covering the complete defect. In case of osteomyelitis the antibiotics were administred for six weeks without recurrence. Discussion: Calcaneous exposure of the heel pressure sore needs coverage with a flap. The cone flap give good blood supply in patients with or whitout osteomyelitis with good results. This kind of flap is reliable, easy to perform and reproducible. Conclusión: The surgical technique of cone flap, for treatment of heel pressure sores, is reliable, sure, reproducible and whitout recurrence in our experience.

Resumen Introducción: La úlcera por presión de talón es de difícil resolución por ser zona de apoyo especialmente cuando existe exposición de calcáneo. Una solución para esta patología es el colgajo fasciocutáneo en cono que es fácil, reproducible y segura. Material y Método: Se operó a 12 pacientes con este tipo de úlcera entre 2016 y 2022, siendo 10 hombres y 2 mujeres con edades entre 35 y 65 años portadores de paraplejia. En 6 de Ellos hubo osteomielitis de calcáneo que requirió de tratamiento antibiótico por 6 semanas. En todos ellos se practicó el colgajo en cono, descrito por el autor principal. Técnica quirúrgica: Primeramente, se realiza desbridamiento quirúrgico de la zona afectada. Posteriormente se practica el colgajo en cono que consiste en dos colgajos fasciocutáneos: uno de rotación, que cubre la lesión, el defecto dejado por éste es cubierto con un colgajo en avance en V-Y. Resultados: Todos los colgajos sobrevivieron sin signos de necrosis. No hubo recurrencia de las úlceras. La osteomielitis cedió con tratamiento antibiótico. Discusión: La exposición del calcáneo producto de una úlcera por presión de talón es de difícil tratamiento por ser una zona de apoyo constante. El tratamiento con el colgajo fasciocutáneo en cono ha probado ser de fácil resolución, reproducible y seguro para cubrir exposición de calcáneo. Conclusión: El tratamiento quirúrgico de la úlcera por presión de talón con el colgajo en cono es un procedimiento efectivo, reproducible, seguro y sin recidiva en nuestra casuística.

Abstract Vegetation structure patterns (VSP) are affected by the dynamic interaction between social and ecological elements. The objective was to describe the patterns of structure and diversity of the medium sub-evergreen forest after timber harvesting in Noh Bec, Quintana Roo, Mexico. The forest management areas were sampled simultaneously at three stages of tree development in 10×50-m rectangular sampling units (poles with ND [1.3 m]≥25 cm), and 10-m (saplings with ND≥5 to <25 cm) and 2-m square hierarchical units (seedlings with DN<5 cm). Diameter structure, Importance Value Index (IVI), and alpha diversity were calculated. Seventy species (29 families and 64 genera), 52 675 individuals ha-1 were recorded among the seedlings, 1 015 individuals ha-1, 9.51 m2 ha-1 of basal area (BA) and 112.60 m3 ha-1 of total tree volume (TTV) among saplings, and 95 individuals ha-1, 12.08 m2 ha-1 of BA and 145.41 m3 ha-1 of TTV among poles. The Sapotaceae family accounted for the largest proportion of the IVI. Pouteria reticulata was the most important species among the seedlings and saplings, while among the poles, it was Manilkara zapota. The diversity of the VSPs is evident, however, it is possible to distinguish them through specific indicators such as Fisher's alpha and structural dasometric values.

Resumen Los patrones de la estructura de la vegetación (PEV) son afectados por la interacción dinámica entre los elementos sociales y ecológicos. El objetivo fue describir los patrones de la estructura y diversidad de la selva mediana subperennifolia después del aprovechamiento forestal maderable en Noh Bec, Quintana Roo, México. Se llevó a cabo un muestreo en las zonas de gestión forestal de manera simultánea en tres estadios de desarrollo del arbolado en unidades de muestreo rectangulares 10×50 m (fustales con DN [1.3 m]≥25 cm,), unidades jerárquicas cuadradas de 10 m (latizales con DN≥5 a<25 cm) y de 2 m (brinzales con DN<5 cm). Se calculó la estructura diamétrica, Índice de Valor de Importancia (IVI) y la diversidad alfa. Se registraron 70 especies (29 familias y 64 géneros), 52 675 individuos ha-1 en los brinzales, 1 015 individuos ha-1, 9.51 m2 ha-1 de área basal (AB) y 112.60 m3 ha-1 de volumen total árbol (VTA) en latizales, y 95 individuos ha-1, 12.08 m2 ha-1 de AB y 145.41 m3 ha-1 de VTA en fustales. La familia Sapotaceae reunió la mayor proporción de los IVI. Pouteria reticulata fue la especie más importante en los brinzales y latizales, en tanto que en los fustales fue Manilkara zapota. La diversidad de los PEV es evidente, sin embargo, es posible distinguirlos a través de indicadores específicos como el alfa de Fisher y los valores dasométricos estructurales.

Abstract Objective: In this study, a comparative evaluation of the physicochemical properties of Cention N and other direct restorative materials was performed. Three restorative materials—a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC), an alkasite-based resinous material (Cention N), and a resin composite (Tetric N Ceram)—were characterized in terms of degree of conversion, Knoop hardness number (KHN) ratio, flexural strength, elastic modulus, water sorption, water solubility, microshear bond strength to dentin, immediate microleakage, and radiopacity. Methodology: The microshear bond strength to dentin and microleakage of Cention N were evaluated with and without the application of an adhesive system (Tetric N Bond Universal). A one-way ANOVA test was used to analyze the data in terms of degree of conversion, KHN ratio, water sorption, water solubility, microshear bond strength to dentin, and radiopacity. A two-way ANOVA test (carried out considering the material type and ethanol aging as factors) was used to analyze the data in terms of flexural strength and elastic modulus. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to statistically analyze the data on microleakage. A significance level of α=0.05 was used for all tests. Results: Fuji II LC was found to have the highest degree of conversion, water sorption, and microleakage, as well as the lowest flexural strength. Cention N had the highest solubility; when used with an adhesive system, it achieved bond strength and microleakage similar to those of the Tetric N Ceram composite. Tetric N Ceram had the highest degree of conversion, KHN ratio, and radiopacity. Conclusion: The properties of Cention N validate its efficacy as an alternative direct restorative material when used in conjunction with an adhesive system. Objective study performed materialsa resinmodified modified LC, , LC) alkasitebased alkasite based N, N) Ceramwere conversion (KHN ratio modulus sorption solubility radiopacity Methodology Universal. Universal . Universal) oneway one way twoway two carried factors KruskalWallis Kruskal Wallis α005 α 0 05 α=0.0 tests Results Conclusion α00 α=0. α0 α=0 α=

ABSTRACT Purpose: To validate the Barcelona magnetic resonance imaging predictive model (BCN-MRI PM) in men with pre-biopsy multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) reported with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1, followed by transrectal and transperineal prostate biopsies. Materials and Methods: Prospective analysis of 3,264 men with PSA >3.0 ng/mL and/or abnormal digital rectal examination who were referred to ten participant centers in the csPCa early detection program of Catalonia (Spain), between 2021 and 2023. MpMRI was reported with the PI-RADS v2.1, and 2- to 4-core MRI-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion-targeted biopsy of suspected lesions and/or 12-core systematic biopsy were conducted. 2,295 (70.3%) individuals were referred to six centers for transrectal prostate biopsies, while 969 (39.7%) were referred to four centers for transperineal prostate biopsies. CsPCa was classified whenever the International Society of Urologic Pathology grade group was 2 or higher. Results: CsPCa was detected in 41% of transrectal prostate biopsies and in 45.9% of transperineal prostate biopsies (p <0.016). Both BCN-MRI PM calibration curves were within the ideal correlation between predicted and observed csPCa. Areas under the curve and 95% confidence intervals were 0.847 (0.830-0.857) and 0.830 (0.823-0.855), respectively (p = 0.346). Specificities corresponding to 95% sensitivity were 37.6 and 36.8%, respectively (p = 0.387). The Net benefit of the BCN-MRI PM was similar with both biopsy methods. Conclusions: The BCN-MRI PM has been successfully validated when mpMRI was reported with the PI-RADS v2.1 and prostate biopsies were conducted via the transrectal and transperineal route. Purpose BCNMRI BCN prebiopsy pre (mpMRI PIRADS PI RADS (PI-RADS v21 v v2 1 Methods 3264 3 264 3,26 30 0 >3. ngmL ng mL andor Spain, Spain , (Spain) 202 2023 4core core 4 MRItransrectal TRUS (TRUS fusiontargeted fusion targeted 12core 12 2295 295 2,29 70.3% 703 70 (70.3% 96 39.7% 397 39 7 (39.7% higher Results 41 459 45 9 45.9 p <0.016. 0016 <0.016 . 016 <0.016) 95 0847 847 0.84 0.8300.857 08300857 0.857 830 857 (0.830-0.857 0830 0.83 0.8230.855, 08230855 0.823 0.855 823 855 (0.823-0.855) 0.346. 0346 0.346 346 0.346) 376 37 6 37. 368 36 8 36.8% 0.387. 0387 0.387 387 0.387) methods Conclusions v2. route 326 26 3,2 >3 (Spain 20 229 29 2,2 70.3 (70.3 39.7 (39.7 45. 001 <0.01 01 084 84 0.8 8300 0.8300.85 0830085 0857 0.85 83 85 (0.830-0.85 083 8230 0.8230.855 0823085 0823 0.82 0855 82 (0.823-0.855 034 0.34 34 36.8 038 0.38 38 32 3, > 22 2, 70. (70. 39. (39. 00 <0.0 08 0. 0.8300.8 083008 085 (0.830-0.8 0.8230.85 082308 082 (0.823-0.85 03 0.3 36. (70 (39 <0. 0.8300. 08300 (0.830-0. 0.8230.8 08230 (0.823-0.8 (7 (3 <0 0.8300 (0.830-0 0.8230. (0.823-0. ( < (0.830- 0.8230 (0.823-0 (0.830 (0.823- (0.83 (0.823 (0.8 (0.82 (0. (0

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre los estilos de vida y factores de riesgo para la salud que pueden suponer un abandono prematuro del trabajo, con los años de discapacidad sobrevenida estimados (ADSE) en población laboral, y calcular la correlación entre el Índice de Capacidad Laboral (ICL) y el Work Ability Score (WAS), y ambos con los ADSE y su coste económico. Métodos: Estudio transversal en una muestra de trabajadores a los que se realizó un examen de salud. La información se recogió mediante los cuestionarios ICL y WAS, y la metodología PoRT-9LSQ. Se realizó un análisis de la asociación entre los factores de riesgo analizados y los ADSE mediante regresión lineal y análisis de la varianza (ANOVA). Se analizó la correlación entre ICL y WAS usando el coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI), y con los ADSE y su coste económico mediante regresión lineal ajustada. Resultados: Se incluyeron 590 trabajadores. Los factores que más influyeron en la media de ADSE fueron el sedentarismo, la mala alimentación y el sobrepeso/obesidad, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas según sexo, turno y ocupación (p<0,05). El CCI entre ICL y WAS fue del 93,0% para una valoración excelente/buena. La regresión lineal ajustada entre ICL y los ADSE fue de 7,982-0,136xICL (p<0,05), siendo similar para el WAS. Conclusiones: El ICL se ha mostrado útil para la predictibilidad de los ADSE en población laboral, lo que facilitará la toma de decisiones del personal sanitario para identificar personas vulnerables favoreciendo cambios en los estilos de vida y el autocuidado.

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between lifestyles and health risk factors that can lead to prematurely leaving work, with the expected Years Lived with Disability (AYLD) in a working population, and to calculate the correlation between the Work Ability Index (WAI) and the Work Ability Score (WAS), and then both of these with the AYLD and its economic cost. Methods: A cross-sectional study in a sample of workers who underwent a health examination. The information was collected using the ICL and WAS questionnaires, applying the PoRT-9LSQ methodology. Linear regression and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the association between the risk factors and AYLD. The correlation between WAI and WAS was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and then between each of these the AYLD and its economic cost using adjusted linear regression. Results: A total of 590 workers were included. Factors that most influenced the average AYLD were a sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, and overweight/obesity, with statistically significant differences according to sex, shift, and occupation (p<0.05). An ICC of 93.0% was found between ICL and WAS, a good/excellent rating. The adjusted linear regression between ICL and ADSE was 7.982-0.136xICL (p<0.05), and was similar for WAS. Conclusions: The WAI is useful for predicting AYLD in the working population. This can facilitate decisionmaking by health personnel to identify vulnerable people, encouraging changes in lifestyle and self-care.

Summary: The floodplain of the San Pedro River, a fluvial-delta formation, is one of the coastal areas affected by marine intrusion during the last glaciation. In this region, agriculture is the main economic activity; however, intensive agricultural practices, the geological past, current interactions with the marine system and the transport of salts through sediments and water make this area susceptible to soil salinization. To characterize the salinity of the agricultural area of the San Pedro River floodplain, two soil samplings were carried out at 91 sites over a period of two years. Samples were taken from depths of 0.0 to 0.3 m and from 0.0 to 0.1 m to depths of 1 m and 3 m. Fifty groundwater samples were collected. Saturation extracts were obtained (1: θsat) from the soil samples. For the soil and groundwater extracts, the pH, EC, and major cations and anions were determined, the sodium adsorption ratio was calculated in the original and adjusted formulations (SAR or and SAR adj ), and the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) was ascertained. The pH, EC and SAR or of the groundwater ranged from 6.94 to 8.37, 199 to 4660 µS cm-1 and 0.16 to 32.30 (mmolc L-1)1/2, while in the saturation extracts, the pH, EC and SAR or ranged from 4.81 to 8.58, 0.08 to 72.4 dS m-1 and 0.11 to 33.09 (mmolc L-1)1/2, respectively. The salinity problems in the study area are closely related to the intrusion of salts from the marine system.

Resumen: La planicie del río San Pedro, que tiene una formación fluvio-deltaica, es una de las superficies costeras que fueron afectadas por la intrusión marina durante la última glaciación. En esta zona, la agricultura es la principal actividad económica, sin embargo, las actividades agrícolas intensivas, su pasado geo-morfológico, la actual interdependencia con el sistema marino y el transporte de sales a través de los sedimentos y aguas, hacen que esta región sea susceptible a la acumulación de sales en los suelos. Con el objetivo de caracterizar la salinidad de la superficie agrícola de la planicie del río San Pedro, se hicieron dos muestreos de suelos en 91 sitios en un periodo de dos años. Se tomaron muestras de 0.0 a 0.3 m y de 0.0 a cada 0.1 m hasta profundidades de 1 m y 3 m. Se recolectaron 50 muestras de agua freática, además se obtuvieron extractos de saturación (1: θsat) de las distintas muestras de suelos. A los extractos de suelo y aguas freáticas, se les determinó el pH, CE, cationes y aniones mayoritarios, se calculó el parámetro relación de adsorción de sodio en su formulación original y ajustada (RAS or , RAS aj ) y el porciento de sodio intercambiable (PSI). El pH, CE y RAS or del agua freática estuvieron dentro de los intervalos de 6.94-8.37, 199-4660 µS cm-1 y 0.16-32.30 (mmolc L-1)1/2, mientras que en los extractos de saturación entre 4.81-8.58, 0.08-72.4 dS m-1 y 0.11-33.09 (mmolc L-1)1/2 respectivamente. Los problemas de salinidad en la zona de estudio están estrechamente relacionados con la intrusión de sales provenientes del sistema marino.

Resumen Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto de los extractos de pericarpio de Citrus sinensis y semillas de Trichilia havanensis en la mortalidad y repelencia de diferentes estados biológicos de Tetranychus urticae en condiciones de laboratorio. Soluciones preparadas con los extractos en concentraciones de 500, 1000 y 1500 mg•L-1fueron aplicadas a un número conocido de huevos, larvas y hembras adultas de T. urticae en discos foliares de frijol (Phaseus vulgaris L.). El análisis de los datos del porcentaje mortalidad y repelencia (prueba de Kruskal Wallis (α = 0.05)) mostraron que el extracto de T. havanensis ocasionó la mortalidad de huevos más alta con el 45 % a 1500 mg•L-1, el extracto de C. sinensis presentó el mayor porcentaje de mortalidad en larvas y adultos con el 40.0 % a 1000 mg•L-1 y 50.0 % a 1500 mg•L-1, respectivamente. El extracto de C. sinensis mostró el mayor porcentaje de repelencia con el 30.0 % en larvas y 60.0 % en adultos a 1500 mg•L-1. Los resultados indican que los extractos tienen el potencial para desarrollar productos efectivos en el manejo de T. urticae.

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the effect of the plant extract from Citrus sinensis peel and Trichilia havanensis seeds, on mortality and repellency in different biological states of Tetranychus urticae under laboratory conditions. Solutions of the extracts at 500, 1000, and 1500 mg•L-1 were applied to a known number of eggs, larvae, and female adults of T. urticae in foliar discs of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The data analysis of mortality percentage and the repellence (Kruskal-Wallis test and comparison of medians, α = 0.05) showed that the T. havanensis extract presented the highest percentage of mortality in eggs with 45.0 % at 1500 mg•L-1, and the C. sinensis extract presented the highest mortality in larvae with 40.0 % at 1000 mgL-1 and adults with a 50.0 % at 1500 mg•L-1. The highest percentage of repellency was the C. sinensis extract at 1500 mg•L-1, with 30.0 % in larvae and 60.0 % in adults. The results indicate that the extracts have the potential to develop effective products for managing T. urticae.

Resumen Se determinó la composición botánica de la dieta y la competencia trófica entre el borrego cimarrón (Ovis canadensis) y el borrego berberisco (Ammotragus lervia) durante los años 2021 a 2023 en el rancho cinegético San Juan, en el noreste de Coahuila. El matorral desértico rosetófilo fue el tipo de vegetación más extendido en las regiones bajas, mientras que el chaparral lo fue en la región alta de la Sierra; se registró un total de 52 y 48 especies vegetales, respectivamente. La dieta del borrego berberisco estuvo compuesta por 31 especies, 22 de ellas las consumió en primavera, 18 en verano, 19 en otoño y 22 en invierno. La dieta del borrego cimarrón estuvo compuesta por 40 especies, 33 fueron su alimento en primavera, 24 en verano, 20 en otoño y 27 en invierno. La menor competencia por alimento entre ambas especies de bóvidos se presentó en primavera y la mayor en verano con 40.76 y 64.97 % de coincidencia en su dieta, respectivamente. Con base en estos resultados, se determinó una coincidencia promedio anual de 52 % del alimento entre ambas especies de bóvidos. Se concluye que la tasa de competencia alimentaria entre los dos taxones es de media a alta en función de la época del año.

Abstract The botanical composition of diet and trophic competition between the bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) and the barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia) were determined during 2021 to 2023, in San Juan hunting ranch, at northeast Coahuila State. The rosetophyllous desert scrub was the most extended vegetation type in lower regions, while the chaparral was the most extended in the higher region of the Sierra, with a total record of 52 and 48 plant species, respectively. The diet of the barbary sheep consisted of 31 species, being 22 of them consumed in spring, 18 in summer, 19 in autumn and 22 in winter. The diet of the bighorn sheep consisted of 40 species, being 33 consumed in spring, 24 in summer, 20 in autumn and 27 in winter. The lowest competition for food between both bovid species was found in spring and the highest in summer with 40.76 and 64.97 %, respectively. Based on these results, an annual average coincidence of 52 % of the food between both species was determined. It can be concluded that the food competition rate between both species is medium to high depending on the year season.