Abstract Frugivore bats are important seed dispersers in forests and their abundance are associated with the presence of zoochoric plants. In this context, the aim of our study was to investigate the association of the frugivore bat S. lilium with the diaspores of the zoochoric plant S. mauritianum, a common arboreal species present in forest fragments of southern Brazil. We also investigated the diet of the species based on seed content present in feces of individuals. Bats were mist-netted from November 2017 to April 2018 in a fragment of Atlantic Forest. The proportion of immature and mature diaspores of S. mauritianum was estimated in the same area where bats were sampled, and feces were sampled from captured individuals. In total, 61 individuals of S. lilium were captured, and 795 seeds were sampled from their feces. The abundance of S. lilium was significantly associated with the proportion of immature diaspores of S. mauritianum. We identified seeds of two botanical families: Solanaceae (89%) and Moraceae (11%) in the fecal samples. Our findings support the view that S. lilium is a legitimate disperser of S. mauritianum, and that its ecological function is probably a result of co-adaptation. plants context S Brazil mistnetted mist netted 201 Forest total 6 79 families 89% 89 (89% 11% 11 (11% samples coadaptation. coadaptation co adaptation. adaptation co-adaptation 20 7 8 (89 1 (11 2 (8 (1 (

The vegetation of the Polylepis incarum (Bitter) M. Kessler & Schmidt-LeBuhn forests was studied in the Lamparaquen annex in the province of Lampa, Puno department in 2009 and 2014. A total of 83 vascular species belonging to 35 families were determined. The lifeforms are represented by herbs, grasses, shrubs and trees, being mostly native and endemic species with some introduced. The queñoal ecosystem is represented by the new phytosociological unit Lupino chlorolepis-Polylepidetum incari with four subassociations identified. The floristic composition shows a moderate to high species richness, being the most representative families, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae and Pteridaceae. The Braun-Blanquet phytosociological method was applied for the analysis of the vegetation units. The classification of communities was done by means of TWINSPAN software, DCA ordination analysis with CANOCO 4.5 software and a dendrogram based on the correlation of species for each quadrant which was performed with PC-ORD software. Further studies are still needed to have a broader view of the plant communities in other geographic areas, and evaluate how vegetation may be affected by climate change and human actions.

Se estudió la vegetación de los bosques de Polylepis incarum (Bitter) M. Kessler & Schmidt-Lebuhn en el anexo de Lamparaquen, en la provincia de Lampa, departamento de Puno en los años 2009 y 2014. Se determinaron 83 especies vasculares pertenecientes a 35 familias. En cuanto a las formas de vida, dominan las herbáceas, gramíneas, arbustos y árboles, siendo en su mayoría, nativas e endémicas, algunas introducidas. Se identificó el ecosistema queñoal representado por la nueva unidad fitosociológica Lupino chlorolepis-Polylepidetum incari con cuatro subasociaciones respectivamente. La composición florística demuestra una riqueza moderada-alta de especies, siendo las familias con mayor representatividad, Asteraceae, Poaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae y Pteridaceae. Se aplicó el método fitosociológico de Braun-Blanquet para el análisis de unidades vegetativas. Se presenta la clasificación de comunidades mediante el software TWINSPAN, el análisis de ordinación DCA con el software CANOCO 4.5 y un dendrograma basado en correlación de especies para cada cuadrante efectuado con el software PC-ORD. Mayores estudios son aún necesarios para tener una visión más amplia de las comunidades de plantas en otras zonas geográficas, y evaluar como la vegetación puede verse afectadas con el cambio climático y acciones antrópicas.

Pequenos mamíferos terrestres possuem características que influenciam significativamente a dinâmica dos ecossistemas, participando em vários níveis da teia trófica. Na floresta Atlântica brasileira a riqueza desses animais é alta, o que os torna ainda mais ecológica e numericamente relevantes neste ambiente. Neste contexto, nós investigamos a composição de espécies de pequenos mamíferos em uma área não estudada, e comparamos a composição de espécies desta área com outras regiões de floresta Atlântica de modo a entender como esta comunidade de pequenos mamíferos é relacionada a outras. A área de estudo está localizada em uma formação de floresta Atlântica de interior, em uma transição entre floresta decidual e floresta com Araucária. Os pequenos mamíferos foram capturados em cinco pontos de coleta por meio do método de armadilhas de interceptação e queda. Nós comparamos a composição de espécies encontrada em nosso estudo com a de outros 11 estudos realizados em diferentes regiões através de uma análise de agrupamento, e nós investigamos a presença de autocorrelação espacial entre comunidades por meio de um teste de Mantel. Nós registramos 779 indivíduos de 21 espécies de pequenos roedores (15 espécies) e marsupiais (seis espécies) durante um período de 13 meses de coleta. A riqueza é alta comparada com outros estudos em formações de floresta Atlântica próximas do litoral e formações de interior. Isso pode ser o resultado das condições fornecidas por esta área de transição (floresta decidual e floresta com Araucária), onde podem ser encontrados elementos das duas formações florestais, o que provavelmente permite o estabelecimento de espécies de pequenos mamíferos dos dois tipos de floresta. Apesar das diferenças no esforço amostral entre os estudos, esses resultados são uma boa indicação de que as formações de floresta Atlântica de interior podem abrigar um número de espécies comparáveis a de formações próximas da costa. A composição de espécies desta área é mais similar a de outras formações Atlânticas de interior com as mesmas características florestais e de regiões espacialmente próximas, e é menos similar as formações localizadas no sudeste e no nordeste do Brasil, e de regiões próximas da costa. Isso pode ser o resultado de autocorrelação espacial (i.e. comunidades mais próximas tendem a ter uma composição de espécies mais similar) e das diferenças nas características florestais entre as regiões.

Small land mammals possess features that significantly influence the dynamics of ecosystems and participate in various levels of the food web. In the Brazilian Atlantic Forest the richness of these animals is high, which makes them even more ecologically and numerically relevant in this environment. In this context, we investigated the species composition of small mammals in an unexplored area of southern Brazil, and compared the species composition of this area with other Atlantic Forest regions in order to understand how this community is related to others. The study area was located in an interior Atlantic forest formation, at a transition region between deciduous and Araucaria forests. Small mammals were captured at five collection points using pitfall traps. We compared the species composition found in our studied area with the composition of other 11 studies in different regions by a cluster analysis, and we investigated the presence of spatial autocorrelation between communities with a Mantel test. We recorded 779 individuals from 21 species of small rodents (15 species) and marsupials (six species) during the 13 months of the collection period. This richness was high compared to other studies conducted in the Atlantic Forest formations near to coastline and in interior forest formations. This may be a result of the conditions provided by this transition area (deciduous and Araucaria forests), where could be found elements of the both forests formations, which probably allows the establishment of small mammal species from both forest types. Despite differences in sampling effort of the studies, our results suggest that the interior forest formations may harbor a number of species comparable to the formations near the coast. The species composition of this area was similar to those found in other interior forest formations with the same phytophysiognomy characteristics and at nearby regions, and it was less similar to the distant formations located in southeastern and northeastern Brazil and nearby to the coastline. This can be a result of both the spatial autocorrelation (i.e. more nearby communities tend to have more similar species composition) and the differences of forest characteristics among regions.