ABSTRACT The use of tank mixtures has long been a practice in the phytosanitary management of agricultural crops. However, when different molecules are mixed in a tank, interactions may occur that reduce the efficiency of the products and cause a loss of selectivity in the crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate selectivity in maize, with a tank mixture of different phytosanitary products recommended for use with the crop. The following products were used: herbicides - Sanson®, Soberan®, Callisto®, Zapp Pro®; fungicides - Priori Xtra®, Nativo®, Tebufort®, Aproach Prima®; insecticides - Connect®, Lorsban® 480 BR, Karate Zeon®; and nutrition - Kellus Manganese®, Kellus Blindex®. The experimental units consisted of 5-litre pots, containing two plants per pot, with the products applied at phenological stage V6. Assessments were made of phytotoxicity, transient chlorophyll a fluorescence, chlorophyll content and shoot dry weight. The data obtained in the experiment were submitted to ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05), and when significant, to the Scott-Knott test (p ≤ 0.05). The maize crop suffered phytotoxicity of up to 30%, with the plants recovering from 28 DAA. The phytotoxicity was caused by mixing the different products in the spraying solution, mainly due to the synergism caused by the mixture of the herbicides nicosulfuron and tembotrione with the insecticide chlorpyrifos and the fertiliser Kellus Manganese®, which aggravated the incompatibility of some treatments. The results of this study defined which phytosanitary products recommended for use with maize should not be mixed in the same spraying solution due to the possibility of damaging the crop. crops However used Sanson Sanson® Soberan Soberan® Callisto Callisto® Pro® Pro Xtra Xtra® Nativo Nativo® Tebufort Tebufort® Prima® Prima Connect Connect® Lorsban 48 BR Zeon® Zeon Manganese Manganese® Blindex Blindex® 5litre litre 5 pots pot V6 V fluorescence weight p 0.05, 005 0.05 , 0 05 0.05) significant ScottKnott Scott Knott 0.05. . 30 30% 2 DAA treatments 4 00 0.0 3 0.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to verify the progress of error typology and percentage of self-correction in text reading and their association with reading fluency in second/third graders (group 1) and fifth/sixth graders (group 2) and the influence of education level on the typology of errors and percentage of self-correction. Methods: an observational, analytical, and longitudinal study. Altogether, 41 students were assessed during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding text reading fluency, percentage of self-corrections and errors, and error typology. The Wilcoxon and paired t-tests were used to compare means, and Pearson’s and Spearman’s tests for correlations. The p-value was set at p < 0.05. Results: group 1 had a decrease in the percentage of errors and an increase, followed by a decrease, in self-corrections. Group 2 had an increase in the percentage of self-corrections, with no variation in errors. The association analysis revealed that the higher the reading speed, the lower the percentage of self-corrections. In the second assessment, group 1 had more self-corrections than group 2 and, in the third one, group 2 had more errors than group 1. Conclusion: the increase in reading fluency and the decrease in errors occur progressively - unlike self-correction, which varies throughout the school year. However, there is an inverse relationship between speed and self-correction. Purpose selfcorrection self correction secondthird fifthsixth fifth sixth selfcorrection. correction. Methods observational analytical study Altogether 4 COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 selfcorrections corrections ttests t means Pearsons Pearson s Spearmans Spearman correlations pvalue value 005 0 05 0.05 Results selfcorrections. corrections. selfcorrections, corrections, assessment one Conclusion selfcorrection, correction, year However COVID1 COVID- 00 0.0 0.

RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a evolução da tipologia de erros e porcentagem de autocorreção na leitura de textos, associação com a fluência de leitura em estudantes do 2º/3º ano (grupo 1) e do 5º/6º ano (grupo 2) e influência da escolaridade na tipologia de erros e na porcentagem de autocorreção. Métodos: estudo observacional, analítico, longitudinal. Participaram 41 estudantes, avaliados durante a pandemia de COVID-19, quanto à fluência de leitura textual, porcentagem de autocorreções, de erros e sua tipologia. Utilizaram-se os testes Wilcoxon e T pareado para comparação das médias, Pearson e Spearman para as correlações. O valor de p adotado foi p < 0,05. Resultados: no grupo 1 observaram-se diminuição na porcentagem de erros aumento, seguido de queda, em autocorreções. No grupo 2 observou-se aumento na porcentagem de autocorreções, sem variação em erros. A análise de associação revelou que quanto maior a velocidade de leitura, menor a porcentagem de autocorreção. Na segunda avaliação o grupo 1 apresentou mais autocorreções que o grupo 2 e, na terceira avalição, o grupo 2 apresentou mais erros que o grupo 1. Conclusão: o aumento da fluência de leitura e a diminuição dos erros ocorrem progressivamente, ao contrário da autocorreção, que tem variações ao longo do ano letivo. Porém, há relação inversa entre velocidade e autocorreção. Objetivo textos 2º3º ºº 2º 3º º 5º6º 5º 6º Métodos observacional analítico longitudinal 4 COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 textual Utilizaramse Utilizaram se médias correlações 005 0 05 0,05 Resultados observaramse observaram queda observouse observou avalição Conclusão progressivamente letivo Porém COVID1 COVID-1 00 0,0 COVID- 0,

Abstract Hospitalization tends to affect the normative development of children and adolescents, influencing their levels of well-being. Though, “playing” allows to reduce negative emotions and feelings and restore the disruption caused in their lives. Thus, a brief group intervention was developed, in the form of a board game, aimed promoting a positive hospitalization experience. In this way, it is intended i) present the game and ii) to know about participants’ hospitalization experience and the related role of playing the game. The game was applied in a single moment to 11 participants (10 to 17 years), hospitalized in pediatric units of two public hospitals. Playing the game seems to be associated with an increase in positive perception and a decrease in negative perception of the hospitalization experience. This pilot study reveals that this brief intervention seems to respond to its main objective of promoting a positive hospitalization experience, confirming the importance of using play tools as meaningful interventions in the hospital setting.

Resumo A hospitalização tende a afetar o desenvolvimento normativo das crianças e adolescentes, influenciando os seus níveis de bem-estar. Contudo, o “brincar” permite reduzir emoções e sentimentos negativos e restaurar a descontinuidade provocada nas suas vidas. Assim, desenvolveu-se uma intervenção breve em grupo, na forma de jogo de tabuleiro, visando promover uma experiência de hospitalização positiva. Deste modo, pretende-se: i) apresentar o jogo e ii) conhecer a experiência de hospitalização e a relação com o jogo. O jogo foi aplicado num único momento a 11 participantes (entre 10 e 17 anos), em internamento na pediatria de dois hospitais públicos. O jogo parece estar associado a um aumento da perceção positiva e a uma diminuição da perceção negativa da experiência de internamento. Este estudo piloto revela que a intervenção breve parece responder ao seu objetivo principal de promover uma experiência de hospitalização positiva, confirmando ainda, a importância da utilização de ferramentas lúdicas como intervenções significativas no contexto hospitalar.

The mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana, Linn.) is a tropical fruit cultivated in the tropical forests of Southeast Asian countries. It is recognized as the queen of fruits due to its unique color, aroma, and flavor. It has been used for centuries in Southeastern Asian traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Many functional molecules with high medicinal value are obtained from the pericarp of mangosteen fruit, whose major constituent is xanthone α-mangostin. Several studies have been carried out over the last decades to further investigate and understand the pharmacological properties associated with the plant and its main chemical constituents, belonging to the class of xanthones. In addition, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies related to mangosteen have been published, indicating its importance and its potential application in medicinal chemistry. Prenylated xanthones, which include α-mangostin, are secondary metabolites particularly common in plants belonging to the Clusiaceae family. These substances have been intensively investigated for their potential as biologically active agents. This article describes a critical analysis of published data related to the properties of α-mangostin, aiming to provide a more detailed view of its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Garcinia mangostana Linn. Linn countries color aroma flavor diseases αmangostin. αmangostin α mangostin. mangostin α-mangostin constituents xanthones addition chemistry αmangostin, mangostin, family agents

RESUMEN Objetivo: construir y validar un folleto educativo sobre braquiterapia ginecológica de alta tasa de dosis (radiación de alta dosis-HDR) para mujeres con cáncer ginecológico. Métodos: estudio metodológico, con la construcción y validación de un cuadernillo basado en el marco teórico-metodológico de Doak, Doak y Root. La validación de contenido y apariencia fue guiada por la técnica Delphi, por 11 jueces, seleccionados según los criterios de Jasper. Posteriormente se realizó la validación clínica con la población diana. Resultados: la cartilla, construida a partir de evidencias de revisión integradora, validada con jueces, obtuvo un IVC global de 0,98. Después de la validación clínica con 27 mujeres, presenta 24 fichas, con ilustraciones realizadas por un diseñador gráfico, subdivididas en temas: anatomía del sistema ginecológico y epidemiología de los cánceres ginecológicos, definición de braquiterapia ginecológica, pasos terapéuticos, abordaje de los efectos secundarios y manejo, y dos páginas para notas. Conclusiones: la cartilla tiene validación para su uso en el tratamiento de braquiterapia ginecológica de la HDR. Objetivo radiación dosisHDR HDR dosis-HDR Métodos metodológico teóricometodológico teórico Root Delphi 1 jueces Jasper diana Resultados integradora 098 0 98 0,98 2 fichas gráfico temas ginecológicos terapéuticos manejo notas Conclusiones 09 9 0,9 0,

ABSTRACT Objective: to construct and validate an educational booklet on high dose rate gynecological brachytherapy (HDR) for women with gynecologic cancer. Methods: a methodological study, with the construction and validity of a booklet based on the Doak, Doak and Root theoretical-methodological framework. Content and appearance validity was guided by the Delphi technique, by 11 judges, selected using Jasper’s criteria. Afterwards, clinical validity was carried out with the target population. Results: the booklet, built from evidence from an integrative review, validated with judges, obtained an overall CVI of 0.98. After clinical validity with 27 women, it presents 24 sheets with illustrations produced by a graphic designer, subdivided into topics: gynecological system anatomy and gynecological cancer epidemiology, gynecological brachytherapy definition, therapeutic steps, approach to side effects and management, and two pages for notes. Conclusions: the booklet has validity for use in HDR gynecological brachytherapy treatment. Objective (HDR Methods study theoreticalmethodological theoretical framework technique 1 judges Jaspers Jasper s criteria Afterwards population Results review 098 0 98 0.98 2 designer topics epidemiology definition steps management notes Conclusions treatment 09 9 0.9 0.

RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar uma cartilha educativa sobre braquiterapia ginecológica de alta taxa de dose (high dose radiation-HDR) para mulheres com câncer ginecológico. Métodos: estudo metodológico, com construção e validação de uma cartilha embasada no referencial teórico-metodológico de Doak, Doak e Root. A validação de conteúdo e aparência norteou-se pela técnica Delphi, por 11 juízes, selecionados através dos critérios de Jasper. Após, realizou-se a validação clínica com a população-alvo. Resultados: a cartilha, construída a partir de evidências de uma revisão integrativa, validada com juízes, obteve IVC global de 0,98. Após validação clínica com 27 mulheres, apresenta 24 folhas, com ilustrações produzidas por designer gráfico, subdividida em tópicos: anatomia do sistema ginecológico e epidemiologia dos cânceres ginecológicos, definição de braquiterapia ginecológica, etapas terapêuticas, abordagem dos efeitos colaterais e manejo, e duas páginas destinadas para anotações. Conclusões: a cartilha possui validação para uso no tratamento de braquiterapia ginecológica de HDR. Objetivo high radiationHDR radiation HDR radiation-HDR Métodos metodológico teóricometodológico teórico Root norteouse norteou se Delphi 1 juízes Jasper realizouse realizou populaçãoalvo. populaçãoalvo população alvo. alvo população-alvo Resultados integrativa 098 0 98 0,98 2 folhas gráfico tópicos ginecológicos terapêuticas manejo anotações Conclusões 09 9 0,9 0,

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Mapping the role of telemedicine in the health access of patients with chronic diseases in continuous care actions (except for covid-19) during the pandemic. METHODS This is a scoping review, with an adapted version of the Prisma-Scr methodology and using the Population (patients with chronic diseases), Concept (telemedicine as a health access tool) and Context (covid-19 pandemic) strategy. We searched through the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs and SciELO, resulting in 18 articles at the end of the review. We used the technological, sociocultural and assistance analysis dimensions. RESULTS Eighty-eight percent of the analyzed papers posited that telemedicine use to provide care increased during the pandemic. We identified that this use was positively related to the reduction of complications and the absence of physical displacement for care, expanding it to rural areas. Important barriers were presented, most importantly the digital exclusion, language sociocultural barriers, and inaccessibility to technological instruments for disabled people. CONCLUSIONS Innovation in care arrangements calls attention to how living labor is important to produce healthcare, using various technologies, and reveals tensions caused by the forces acting on healthcare micro politics. We conclude that, despite important barriers, telemedicine contributed to the care of chronic patients during the covid-19 pandemic. except covid19 covid 19 pandemic review PrismaScr Prisma Scr diseases, , diseases) tool (covid-1 strategy databases PubMed Scopus Embase Science SciELO 1 dimensions Eightyeight Eighty eight areas presented exclusion people technologies politics covid-1 covid1 (covid- covid- (covid

RESUMO OBJETIVO Mapear a contribuição da telemedicina para o acesso à saúde dos pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas em ações de cuidados continuados (exceto para covid-19) no contexto da pandemia. MÉTODOS Trata de revisão de escopo, com adaptação da metodologia Prisma-Scr e utilizou a estratégia População (Pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas), Conceito (Telemedicina como ferramenta de acesso à saúde) e Contexto (Pandemia de covid-19). Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs e SciELO, que resultou em um total de 18 artigos ao final da revisão. As dimensões de análise utilizadas foram tecnológica, sociocultural e assistencial. RESULTADOS Entre os artigos analisados, 88% demonstraram o aumento do uso da telemedicina para realização do cuidado durante a pandemia. Identificamos que a utilização da telemedicina esteve relacionada positivamente com a diminuição de complicações e a falta de necessidade de deslocamento físico para o atendimento com ampliação da assistência para áreas rurais. Barreiras importantes foram apresentadas, sendo a exclusão digital e barreiras socioculturais de idioma e falta de acessibilidade dos instrumentos tecnológicos para portadores de deficiência as principais. CONCLUSÕES A inovação nos arranjos assistenciais ressalta a importância do trabalho vivo no processo de produção do cuidado, com o emprego de tipos de tecnologias diversos, e expressa tensionamentos em decorrência das forças atuantes na micropolítica do cuidado. Concluímos que, apesar de barreiras importantes, a telemedicina contribuiu para o cuidado dos pacientes crônicos durante a pandemia de covid-19. exceto covid19 covid 19 covid-19 escopo PrismaScr Prisma Scr Pacientes crônicas, , crônicas) Telemedicina Pandemia covid19. . PubMed Scopus Embase Science SciELO 1 tecnológica assistencial analisados 88 rurais apresentadas principais diversos 19. covid1 covid-1 8 covid-

RESUMO OBJETIVO Mapear a contribuição da telemedicina para o acesso à saúde dos pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas em ações de cuidados continuados (exceto para covid-19) no contexto da pandemia. MÉTODOS Trata de revisão de escopo, com adaptação da metodologia Prisma-Scr e utilizou a estratégia População (Pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas), Conceito (Telemedicina como ferramenta de acesso à saúde) e Contexto (Pandemia de covid-19). Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs e SciELO, que resultou em um total de 18 artigos ao final da revisão. As dimensões de análise utilizadas foram tecnológica, sociocultural e assistencial. RESULTADOS Entre os artigos analisados, 88% demonstraram o aumento do uso da telemedicina para realização do cuidado durante a pandemia. Identificamos que a utilização da telemedicina esteve relacionada positivamente com a diminuição de complicações e a falta de necessidade de deslocamento físico para o atendimento com ampliação da assistência para áreas rurais. Barreiras importantes foram apresentadas, sendo a exclusão digital e barreiras socioculturais de idioma e falta de acessibilidade dos instrumentos tecnológicos para portadores de deficiência as principais. CONCLUSÕES A inovação nos arranjos assistenciais ressalta a importância do trabalho vivo no processo de produção do cuidado, com o emprego de tipos de tecnologias diversos, e expressa tensionamentos em decorrência das forças atuantes na micropolítica do cuidado. Concluímos que, apesar de barreiras importantes, a telemedicina contribuiu para o cuidado dos pacientes crônicos durante a pandemia de covid-19.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Mapping the role of telemedicine in the health access of patients with chronic diseases in continuous care actions (except for covid-19) during the pandemic. METHODS This is a scoping review, with an adapted version of the Prisma-Scr methodology and using the Population (patients with chronic diseases), Concept (telemedicine as a health access tool) and Context (covid-19 pandemic) strategy. We searched through the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Lilacs and SciELO, resulting in 18 articles at the end of the review. We used the technological, sociocultural and assistance analysis dimensions. RESULTS Eighty-eight percent of the analyzed papers posited that telemedicine use to provide care increased during the pandemic. We identified that this use was positively related to the reduction of complications and the absence of physical displacement for care, expanding it to rural areas. Important barriers were presented, most importantly the digital exclusion, language sociocultural barriers, and inaccessibility to technological instruments for disabled people. CONCLUSIONS Innovation in care arrangements calls attention to how living labor is important to produce healthcare, using various technologies, and reveals tensions caused by the forces acting on healthcare micro politics. We conclude that, despite important barriers, telemedicine contributed to the care of chronic patients during the covid-19 pandemic.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyse patterns of spatial dispersal in Ceratitis capitata using two types of attractive traps and propose a predictive model of pest dispersal with the aim of determining management zones for decision-making. The experiment was conducted in an orchard of the ‘Palmer’ mango in the district of Belo Campo, Bahia. Sampling was carried out using McPhail and Jackson traps. The pattern of spatial dispersal in C. capitata was determined using the Perry and Mead Index of Dispersion, the Morisita Index, and the Local Moran index (LISA). The spatial variability of the abundance of C. capitata was obtained by geostatistical analysis, with the indicator kriging method used to prepare the location and spatial distribution maps. The Perry and Mead Index of Dispersion and the Morisita Index showed an aggregated pattern of spatial dispersal, whereas the Moran Local index showed a random pattern from 7 DFSH (days from the start of the harvest) to 35 DFSH, and an aggregated pattern at 42 DFSH. The SDI was strong at 7 and 35 DFSH and moderate at 14, 28 and 42 DFSH. The dispersal patterns of C. capitata allow an exponential predictive model to be produced, outlining strategies for exponential management zones of C. capitata, and detecting which places have the highest risk of the pest occurring. decisionmaking. decisionmaking decision making. making decision-making ‘Palmer Palmer Campo Bahia C LISA. LISA . (LISA) analysis maps days harvest 3 4 14 2 produced occurring (LISA 1

Abstract Forest ecosystems play an important role in mitigating the concentration increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere through carbon sequestration by plants and its storage in biomass and soil. The objective was to determine the aerial biomass carbon stock in a dry tropical forest in Brazil. It was developed between 2012 to 2015, in an area with an advanced regeneration stage (50 years) in the semi-arid region of Pernambuco and it was used 40 permanent plots (400 m²) distant 80 m apart, with 50 m from the border, totaling 1.6 ha of the area to sample the shrubby-arboreal component, where all individuals with circumference at breast height (1.30 m of the soil) equal or greater than 6 cm were identified, measured and labeled in 2012 and remeasured in 2015. It was calculated the biomass and carbon stocks through developed equations available in the literature. The results showed that the total biomass and carbon stock in the first year was 27.97 e 12.92 Mg.ha-1 while in 2015 it was 18.49 and 8.39 Mg.ha-1 respectively. The results showed a biomass and carbon stock reduction of more than 30% in the period evaluated, even this, the area manages to present values within the expected pattern for the region, assuring the importance of sustainable forest management of these native/natural vegetation areas. CO2 CO (CO2 soil Brazil 201 (5 years semiarid semi arid 4 400 (40 m² 8 apart 5 border 16 1 1. shrubbyarboreal shrubby arboreal component 1.30 130 30 (1.3 identified literature 2797 27 97 27.9 1292 12 92 12.9 Mg.ha1 Mgha1 Mgha Mg.ha Mg Mg.ha- 1849 18 49 18.4 839 39 8.3 respectively evaluated this nativenatural native natural areas (CO 20 ( (4 1.3 13 3 (1. 279 2 9 27. 129 12. ha1 184 18. 83 8. (1

ABSTRACT: The objective of this systematic review study was to search for clinical findings in quality studies on the effectiveness of occlusal splint therapy. This literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials; delimiting the search from January 1, 2011 to June 1, 2022. A total of 21 articles were included, all related to temporomandibular joint dysfunction and the efficacy of occlusal splints as a treatment. Occlusal splints effectively reduce painful symptoms in patients with temporomandibular disorders, both in muscular and joint pathologies, although more effectively in cases of muscular dysfunction, since recurrent disc displacements have been observed in joint pathologies.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio de revisión sistemática consistió en la búsqueda de hallazgos clínicos en estudios de calidad sobre la efectividad de la terapia con férulas de descarga oclusales. Esta investigación bibliográfica se realizó en PubMed, Embase, SciELO, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar y en el Registro Central de Ensayos clínicos Cochrane; delimitando la búsqueda desde el 1 de enero de 2011 al 1 de junio de 2022. Se incluyeron un total de 21 artículos, todos relacionados con la disfunción de la articulación temporomandibular y la eficacia de las férulas de descarga oclusales como tratamiento. Las férulas de descarga oclusales reducen eficazmente los síntomas dolorosos en pacientes con trastornos temporomandibulares, tanto en patologías musculares como articulares, aunque con mayor eficacia en casos de disfunción muscular, ya que se han observado desplazamientos recurrentes de disco en patologías articulares.

Abstract Background International studies performed during the periods of social isolation highlighted the potential loss of student's learning skills. The present study fills a gap in Brazilian research on this topic and focuses on the development of reading fluency. Objective To investigate the development of the reading fluency of students in the early years of elementary school during e-learning as a result of the social distancing measures put into effect due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods Students from grades 2 to 5 were recorded. The number of words read per minute and of those read correctly per minute were analyzed. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures with Bonferroni correction in the longitudinal study, and the t-test in the cross-sectional study. Results In the cross-sectional study, 162 students participated. Only the comparison between the 2nd grade classes of 2020 and 2021 showed a statistically significant difference. In the prepandemic classes, the students had better results in reading accuracy than the students assessed during the pandemic. The longitudinal study included 75 students, who improved in fluency rate and accuracy as expected between March and December 2020. In March 2021, the results showed a drop, which may be related to school closures during the Brazilian summer vacation. Conclusions The present research demonstrates the results of Brazilian students in terms of the development of reading fluency during the pandemic. There was an expressive development in grades 2 and 3, with stability in the following grades. The 2nd grade class of 2021 suffered a major impact due to the pandemic. student s skills elearning e 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 pandemic recorded analyzed ANOVA (ANOVA ttest t test crosssectional cross sectional 16 participated nd 202 difference 7 drop vacation 3 20 COVID1 1 (COVID-1 (COVID- (COVID

Resumo Antecedentes Estudos internacionais realizados durante os períodos de isolamento social destacaram a potencial perda das habilidades de aprendizagem dos alunos. O presente estudo preenche uma lacuna nas pesquisas brasileiras sobre este tema, e se centra no desenvolvimento da fluência de leitura. Objetivo Investigar o desenvolvimento da fluência de leitura de alunos nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental durante as aulas remotas ministradas em decorrência das medidas de distanciamento social postas em prática por conta da pandemia de doença do coronavírus 2019 (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19, em inglês). Métodos Estudantes do 2o ao 5o anos foram gravados. Foram analisadoso número de palavras lidas por minuto e o de palavras lidas corretamente por minuto. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva por meio de análise de variância (analysis of variance, ANOVA, em inglês) para medidas repetidas com correção de Bonferroni no estudo longitudinal, e teste T no estudo transversal. Resultados Ao todo, 162 estudantes participaram do estudo transversal. Apenas a comparação entre as turmas de 2o ano de 2020 e 2021 apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa. Nas aulas pré-pandemia, as turmas apresentaram resultados melhores em termos de precisão de leitura do que as turmas avaliadas durante a pandemia. O estudo longitudinal incluiu 75 alunos; entre março e dezembro de 2020, eles melhoraram sua taxa de fluência e acurácia, conforme esperado. Em março de 2021, os resultados mostraram uma queda, o que pode estar relacionado ao fechamento das escolas durante as férias. Conclusões Esta pesquisa demonstra os resultados do desenvolvimento da leitura de uma amostra de estudantes brasileiros durante a pandemia. Houve uma evolução expressiva no 2° e 3° anos, com estabilidade nos anos seguintes. A turma de 2° ano de 2021 sofreu um grande impacto devido à pandemia. tema 201 coronavirus COVID19, COVID19 COVID 19, 19 COVID-19 inglês. inglês . gravados Realizouse Realizou analysis variance ANOVA transversal todo 16 202 significativa prépandemia, prépandemia pré pandemia, pré-pandemia 7 acurácia esperado queda férias 2 3 seguintes 20 COVID1 1 COVID-1 COVID-

ABSTRACT Introduction: Numerous types of arthritis have been investigated and described in order to classify them into non-inflammatory arthritis (osteoarthritis) and inflammatory arthritis caused by deposition crystals (pseudogout, basic calcium phosphate disease, gout), by bacteria and viral infections (Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrohae, complications of Lyme disease, Parvovirus, Enterovirus) or autoimmune processes. Objective: research is to present aspects related to the management of Digital Ulcers (DU) in scleroderma based on the experience of different authors, establishing a basis on which future research studies can be designed and improve the patient's quality of life. Method: A bibliographic search related to the keywords rheumatoid arthritis and other arthritis variables was carried out, recovering 76 documents that included them, of which we used 42 that were useful for the objective that we proposed, exposing the most prominent data in the investigation. Conclusions: The first step for an effective management of the disease is an early and correct diagnosis, related to the fact that several signs and symptoms are also associated with other diseases, disease prevention strategies as well as prevention programs should be included for this objective. detection of people at risk of developing them, as in the case of rheumatoid arthritis, monographs of the disease provided to the population can significantly improve epidemiological parameters.

RESUMEN Introducción: Se han investigado y descrito numerosos tipos de artritis con el fin de clasificarlos en artritis no inflamatoria (osteoartritis) y artritis inflamatoria causada por cristales de depósito (seudogota, enfermedad del fosfato de calcio básico y gota), por bacterias e infecciones virales (Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria gonorrohae, complicaciones de la enfermedad de Lyme, Parvovirus y Enterovirus) o por procesos autoinmunes. Objetivo: Presentar una visión global de la artritis reumatoide, con énfasis en el diagnóstico, fisiopatología y biomarcadores diagnósticos, pronósticos y predictivos en la artritis reumatoide, con el fin de contribuir la mejor atención de pacientes con enfermedades crónicas. Método: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica relacionada con las palabras clave “artritis reumatoide” y otras variables de artritis. Se recuperaron 76 documentos que las incluían, de ellos utilizamos 42 que fueron útiles para el objetivo de la investigación. Conclusiones: El primer paso para un manejo efectivo de la enfermedad es un diagnóstico temprano y correcto, relacionado con que varios signos y síntomas también están asociados con otras enfermedades. Se debe incluir para este objetivo las estrategias de prevención de enfermedades, así como los programas de detección de personas en riesgo de desarrollarlas como el caso de la artritis reumatoide y la información de la enfermedad proporcionada a la población que pueden mejorar significativamente los parámetros epidemiológicos.

Abstract: The school building is the space where the State conceives formal education. Its architecture is an active instrument in the learning processes and in the formation of citizenship. Since 2006, with the National Education Law, the Argentine State has sought to adapt teaching mechanisms for rural schools and indigenous communities with the main objective of respecting their idiosyncrasies. This article looks for clues to approach the problem of how the State resolves the contradiction that it poses to itself between the homogenizing-disciplining civic formation that it intends to impart and the respect for the cultural identities in the rural areas of indigenous communities. The dynamics of the social space generated by the proposed school architecture and temporal, spatial and social roles during festive-cultural events of communities and schools were considered. Three rural mountains schools in Tucumán in three indigenous communities were taken as case studies. From this study it can be concluded that although there are built links between the educational communities and the indigenous communities of the cases analyzed, these relationships often reproduce the mechanisms of subordination that the State has been imposing materially (in the school building) and symbolically (in social practice). As a result, the active participation of indigenous communities in the most important decisions is often limited.

Resumen: El edificio escolar constituye el espacio en donde el Estado concibe la educación formal. Su arquitectura es un instrumento activo en los procesos de aprendizaje y en la formación de ciudadanía. A partir del año 2006, con la Ley de Educación Nacional, el Estado argentino buscó adecuar mecanismos de enseñanza para escuelas rurales y en comunidades indígenas con el objetivo principal de respetar sus idiosincrasias. Este artículo busca claves para aproximarse a la problemática sobre cómo el Estado resuelve la contradicción que se plantea a sí mismo entre la formación ciudadana homogeneizadora-disciplinadora que pretende impartir y el respeto por las identidades culturales en los ámbitos rurales de las comunidades indígenas. Para ello, se consideraron la dinámica del espacio social generado por la arquitectura escolar y aspectos temporales, espaciales y roles sociales durante eventos festivos-culturales de las comunidades y las escuelas. Se tomaron como casos de estudio tres escuelas rurales de montaña de Tucumán en tres comunidades indígenas. De este estudio se puede concluir que aunque existen vínculos construidos entre las comunidades educativas y las comunidades indígenas de los casos analizados, estas relaciones muchas veces reproducen los mecanismos de subordinación que el Estado ha venido imponiendo material (en el edificio escolar) y simbólicamente (en la práctica social). Como consecuencia, la participación activa de las comunidades indígenas en la toma de decisiones más importantes generalmente se ve limitada.

Resumo Introdução Técnicas de timpanoplastia com diferentes tipos de enxerto têm sido usadas para fechar perfurações timpânicas desde o século XIX. A cartilagem tragal e a fáscia temporal são os tipos de enxerto mais usados, com resultados funcionais e morfológicos semelhantes na maioria dos casos. Embora ainda com poucas evidências publicadas, a mucosa nasal tem se mostrado uma boa opção de enxerto. Objetivo Comparar os resultados cirúrgicos e audiológicos da timpanoplastia tipo I com enxerto de mucosa nasal e de fáscia temporal em seis meses de seguimento. Método Foram selecionados aleatoriamente 40 pacientes candidatos a timpanoplastia tipo I divididos nos grupos enxerto de mucosa nasal e de fáscia temporal com 20 em cada grupo. Os parâmetros avaliados incluíram sucesso cirúrgico, ou seja, a taxa de fechamento completo da perfuração timpânica, e resultados audiológicos; diferença entre o gap quadritonal médio do gap aéreo-ósseo pré e pós-operatório após seis meses da cirurgia. Resultados O fechamento completo da perfuração timpânica foi alcançado em 17 de 20 pacientes no grupo mucosa nasal, como também no grupo fáscia temporal. O ganho quadritonal médio do gap aéreo-ósseo foi de 11,9 dB no grupo mucosa nasal e 11,1 dB no grupo fáscia temporal, respectivamente. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. Conclusão O enxerto de mucosa nasal pode ser considerado semelhante ao da fáscia temporal quando se considera o sucesso cirúrgico de pega do enxerto e o ganho audiológico.

Abstract Introduction Tympanoplasty techniques with different types of graft have been used to close tympanic perforations since the 19th century. Tragal cartilage and temporalis fascia are the most frequently used types of graft. They lead to similar functional and morphological results in most cases. Although little published evidence is present, nasal mucosa has also been shown to be a good alternative graft. Objective Surgical and audiological outcomes at the six-month follow-up in type I tympanoplasty using nasal mucosa and temporalis fascia grafts were analyzed. Methods A total of 40 candidates for type I tympanoplasty were randomly selected and divided into the nasal mucosa and temporalis fascia graft groups with 20 in each group. The assessed parameters included surgical success; the rate of complete closure of tympanic perforation and hearing results; the difference between post- and pre-operative mean quadritonal airway-bone gap, six months after surgery. Results Complete closure of the tympanic perforation was achieved in 17 of 20 patients in both groups. The mean quadritonal airway-bone gap closures were11.9 and 11.1 dB for the nasal mucosa and temporalis fascia groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Conclusion The nasal mucosa graft can be considered similar to the temporal fascia when considering the surgical success rate of graft acceptance and ultimate audiological gain.

Abstract: The main objective of this research study is to examine international relations between countries of the Andean Community of Nations (CAN, in Spanish) and assess their effects on international trade flows between Ecuador and CAN members. Two perspectives are considered. The first perspective evaluates whether there are significant changes in Ecuador’s exports to CAN countries. The second perspective considers significant changes, if any, in Ecuador’s imports from CAN countries. To model the series, an ARMAX (Auto-Regressive Moving Average model with exogenous inputs) model is applied. The results show that import flows have increased significantly in Ecuador. It is predicted that this will remain on an upward trend since the values of the constant and the intercept of the models remain significant. It is concluded that the flow of international trade between CAN members is highly dynamic, which reinforces the importance of this type of trade agreements.

Resumen: El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las relaciones internacionales entre países miembros de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN) y su efecto en el flujo de comercio internacional entre Ecuador y los países miembros. Se consideran dos perspectivas. La primera analiza el cambio significativo que pudieron tener las exportaciones de Ecuador hacia países miembros de la CAN. La segunda considera el cambio significativo que puedan tener las importaciones de Ecuador que provienen de países miembros de la CAN. Para modelar las series se considera un modelo ARMAX (Auto-Regressive Moving Average with exogenous inputs). Como resultado se obtiene que el flujo de importaciones ha aumentado fuertemente por parte del Ecuador. Se pronostica que la tendencia se mantenga al alta ya que los valores de la constante e intercepto de los modelos se mantienen significantes. Se concluye que el flujo de apertura comercial entre países miembros de la CAN ha tenido un dinamismo significativo, lo cual da relevancia a este tipo de acuerdos.