ABSTRACT The introduction of 2,4-D-tolerant soybeans (ENLIST®) offers a new potential for herbicide application. Therefore, the present study aimed to (a) evaluate the effect of combinations of post-emergent herbicides on the control of Conyza spp. and (b) assess the selectivity of the post-emergent herbicide association in soybeans, ensuring effective application without compromising the health of the crop. A field experiment with 2,4-D-tolerant soybeans utilized a randomized complete block design with 14 treatments across four replications. Treatments included various combinations of 2,4-D with glyphosate, chlorimuron-ethyl, cloransulam-methyl, imazethapyr, bentazon, and imazamox. These were applied either as a single treatment or sequentially 15 days after treatment (DAT) using glufosinate-ammonium alongside two controls without herbicide application. The results showed less than 15% control across all treatments. At 21 DAT, only the treatments applied sequentially showed significant control, with effectiveness exceeding 80% against Conyza spp. In contrast, the single applications of the herbicide combinations with 2,4-D were ineffective for post-emergence control of Conyza spp. 2,4Dtolerant 24Dtolerant Dtolerant 2,4 D tolerant 2 4 ENLIST® ENLIST (ENLIST® Therefore (a postemergent post emergent spp b (b crop 1 replications 2,4D 24D glyphosate chlorimuronethyl, chlorimuronethyl chlorimuron ethyl, ethyl chlorimuron-ethyl cloransulammethyl, cloransulammethyl cloransulam methyl, methyl cloransulam-methyl imazethapyr bentazon imazamox DAT (DAT glufosinateammonium glufosinate ammonium 80 contrast postemergence emergence 4Dtolerant 24 2, (ENLIST 4D 8

RESUMO A introdução da soja tolerante a 2,4-D (ENLIST®) oferece um novo potencial para a aplicação de herbicidas. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo: (a) avaliar o efeito das combinações de herbicidas pós-emergentes no controle de Conyza spp., e (b) a seletividade da associação de herbicidas pós-emergentes em soja, garantindo uma aplicação eficaz sem comprometer a saúde da cultura. Um experimento de campo com soja tolerante ao 2,4-D utilizou um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com 14 tratamentos em quatro repetições. Os tratamentos incluíram várias combinações de 2,4-D com glifosato, chlorimuron, cloransulam, imazethapyr, bentazona e imazamox. Estes foram aplicados como um único tratamento ou sequencialmente 15 dias após o tratamento (DAT) usando glufosinato de amônio, juntamente com dois controles sem aplicação de herbicida. Os resultados mostraram menos de 15% de fitotoxicidade em todos os tratamentos. Aos 21 DAT, apenas os tratamentos aplicados sequencialmente mostraram controle significativo, com eficácia superior a 80% contra Conyza spp. Em contraste, as aplicações únicas das combinações de herbicidas com 2,4-D foram ineficazes para o controle pós-emergência de Conyza spp. 2,4D 24D D 2,4 2 4 ENLIST® ENLIST (ENLIST® forma objetivo (a pósemergentes pós emergentes spp b (b cultura casualizados 1 repetições glifosato chlorimuron cloransulam imazethapyr imazamox DAT (DAT amônio herbicida significativo 80 contraste pósemergência emergência 4D 24 2, (ENLIST 8

ABSTRACT Ryegrass and turnip are weeds that cause high yield losses when infesting barley, thus requiring adequate management. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of different herbicide treatments and weed control in the barley crop, cultivar BRS Cauê. Two field experiments were conducted in randomized blocks, with four replications. The treatments used were: pendimethalin (800 g·ha-1), sulfentrazone + diuron (175 + 350 g·ha-1), and imazaquim (150 g·ha-1 of a. e.) applied pre-emergence; and iodosulfuron (3.5 g·ha-1), pyroxsulam (18 g·ha-1), metsulfuron-methyl (3.96 g·ha-1), 2,4-D (670 g·ha-1 of a. e.), clodinafop-propargyl (48 g·ha-1), bentazon + imazamox (600 + 28 g·ha-1), saflufenacil (49 g·ha-1), bentazon (720 g·ha-1), carfentrazone-ethyl (120 g·ha-1), and imazamox (42 g·ha-1) applied post-emergence, with two controls (one weeded and the other infested). The use of the herbicide imazaquim caused high levels of phytotoxicity in barley. Gas exchange was less responsive to herbicide applications in relation to barley phytotoxicity and productivity. Clodinafop-propargil showed the best control of ryegrass, while the herbicides iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam, metsulfurom-methyl, 2,4-D, bentazon + imazamox, saflufenacil, bentazon, carfentrazone-ethyl, and imazaquim showed high efficiency in the control of turnip species. Imazaquim caused reduction of up to 74.7% in barley grain yield. On the other hand, iodosulufuron and piroxsulam allowed the highest grain yields of the barley cultivar, BRS Cauê, by promoting partial control of ryegrass and total control of turnip species, followed by clodinafop-propargyl and metsulfuron-methyl, which controlled ryegrass and turnip, respectively, allowing an increase in yield grain in relation to the infested control. management context crop Cauê blocks replications 800 (80 g·ha1, gha1 gha g·ha 1 , g ha 175 (17 35 150 (15 g·ha1 g·ha- a e. e preemergence pre emergence pre-emergence 3.5 3 5 (3. 18 (1 metsulfuronmethyl metsulfuron methyl 3.96 396 96 (3.9 2,4D 24D D 2,4 2 4 670 (67 e., clodinafoppropargyl clodinafop propargyl 48 (4 600 (60 49 720 (72 carfentrazoneethyl carfentrazone ethyl 120 (12 42 postemergence, postemergence post emergence, post-emergence one infested. . infested) productivity Clodinafoppropargil Clodinafop propargil metsulfurommethyl, metsulfurommethyl metsulfurom methyl, metsulfurom-methyl 2,4D, D, carfentrazoneethyl, ethyl, species 747 74 7 74.7 hand metsulfuronmethyl, respectively 80 (8 ha1 17 15 3. (3 ( 3.9 39 9 4D 24 2, 67 (6 60 72 (7 12 74. 8 6

Les lipidoses constituent un groupe d'affections systématisées, caractérisées par une surcharge lipidique des tissus (en premier lieu du système réticulo-endothélial, accessoirement aussi de divers parenchymes). Le processus qui est à la base de ces "thèsaurismoses" consiste en une perturbation primitive du métabolisme des graisses et des substances apparentées, aboutissant à une infiltration lipidique des organes et entraînant des troubles cliniques variés et souvent très graves. La participation prépondérante du système nerveux central et de l'oeil aux désordres cliniques represente un des aspects les plus importants de la pathologie des lipidoses. Toutes ces affections, excepté la maladie de Hand-Schüller-Christian, offrent en outre un intérêt considérable à cause du rôle primordial que joue l'hérédité comme facteur étiologique. On peut distinguer trois principaux types de lipidoses, groupés d'aprés les substances thésaurisées: les lipidoses à phosphatides, qui peuvent être subdivisées en A. les idioties amaurotiques (surcharge en gangliosides) et B. la maladie de Niemann-Pick (sphingomyélines); les lipidoses à cérébrosides (cérasine) représentées par la maladie de Gaucher; les lipidoses à cholestérol ou xanthomatoses.