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The concept of privileged structures in medicinal chemistry refers to commonly found substructures in approved drugs and lead small molecules, presenting a broad profile of pharmacological action, i.e., participating in the recognition by several classes of pharmacological targets or by modulating physicochemical properties. Privileged structures are also related to nontoxic effects, which make their use in the design of new drug candidates very attractive. In contrast, another concept also refers to structures or substructures capable of presenting a pleiotropic profile for several pharmacological targets, referred to as promiscuous compounds. Worth mentioning, more recently, a great majority of promiscuous compounds have been classified as Pan Assay Interference Compounds (PAINS). In its great majority, PAINS are electrophilic in nature, capable of covalently reacting indiscriminately with several pharmacological targets, and are associated with specific substructures, which are, in turn, used as an exclusion filter during screening campaigns. This work aims to critically discuss the thin line that separates the two concepts, clarifying their differences from a molecular and pharmacological point of view. Moreover, special considerations regarding PAINS and exclusion filters will be made. molecules action ie i e i.e. properties effects attractive contrast mentioning recently PAINS. . (PAINS) nature turn campaigns concepts view Moreover made i.e (PAINS

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20240091

Fish diversity in the rivers that drain the Baixada Maranhense and the Mearim basin in northeastern Brazil
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Limeira-Filho, D.

; Moraes, P. S. S.

; Almeida, M. S.

; Silva, A. C. C.

; Silva, J. L. N.

; Farias-Rodrigues, L.

; Teixeira, B. R. S.

; Anjos, J. V. X.

; Birindelli, J. L. O.

; Barros, M. C.

; Fraga, E. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e273525

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A Área de Proteção Ambiental da Baixada Maranhense do estado brasileiro do Maranhão abrange uma região biologicamente rica que engloba as bacias de quatro rios principais, Mearim, Pericumã, Pindaré e Turiaçu, formando um complexo de áreas inundáveis. O presente estudo fornece um inventário abrangente da ictiofauna de rios que drenam a Baixada Maranhense a partir da identificação de espécimes com material testemunho depositados em coleção científica. As expedições foram realizadas entre 2014 e 2020. O inventário identificou um total de 100 espécies de peixes representando 79 gêneros, 34 famílias e 11 ordens que são encontradas em ambientes de água doce e estuarinos. Dos 100 táxons identificados, seis (Potamotrygon orbignyi, Leporinus piau, Moenkhausia loweae, Serrasalmus spilopleura, Pachypops fourcroi e Peckoltia greedoi) são considerados novo registros para uma ou mais das drenagens aqui levantadas, em comparação com os dados existentes, enquanto quatro: Colossoma macropomum, Megaleporinus macrocephalus, Cichla sp. e Cichla kelberi não são nativos. As ordens mais especiosas foram Siluriformes e Characiformes, enquanto as famílias mais diversas foram Loricariidae, Characidae, Auchenipteridae, Cichlidae e Serrasalmidae. Esses dados corroboram a maioria dos outros estudos de ecossistemas de água doce da região Neotropical, em particular o dos rios do Maranhão. Os resultados do presente estudo representam um avanço importante no conhecimento da diversidade da fauna de peixes dos rios Mearim, Pericumã, Pindaré e Turiaçu, que ainda são pouco estudados e provavelmente com uma diversidade subestimada. principais Mearim Pericumã Turiaçu inundáveis científica 201 2020 10 7 gêneros 3 1 estuarinos identificados Potamotrygon orbignyi piau loweae spilopleura greedoi levantadas existentes macropomum macrocephalus sp nativos Characiformes Loricariidae Characidae Auchenipteridae Serrasalmidae Neotropical subestimada 20 202 2

Abstract The Baixada Maranhense Environmental Protection Area of the Brazilian state of Maranhão encompasses a biologically rich region that includes the basins of four principal rivers, the Mearim, Pericumã, Pindaré, and Turiaçu, which form a complex of wetlands. The present study provides a comprehensive inventory of the fish fauna of the rivers that drain the Baixada Maranhense based on the identification of voucher specimens that were deposited in a scientific collection. Expeditions were conducted between 2014 and 2020. The inventory identified a total of 100 fish species representing 79 genera, 34 families, and 11 orders, which are found in both freshwater and estuarine environments. Six (Potamotrygon orbignyi, Leporinus piau, Moenkhausia loweae, Serrasalmus spilopleura, Pachypops fourcroi and Peckoltia greedoi) of the 100 taxa identified here are considered to be new records for one or more of the basins surveyed during this study, based on the existing data, while four – Colossoma macropomum, Megaleporinus macrocephalus, Cichla sp. and Cichla kelberi – are not native. The most speciose orders were the Siluriformes and Characiformes, while the most diverse families were the Loricariidae, Characidae, Auchenipteridae, Cichlidae, and Serrasalmidae. These data are consistent with the findings of most of the previous studies of freshwater ecosystems in the Neotropical region, in particular those of the rivers of Maranhão. The results of the present study represent an important advance in the understanding of the diversity of the fish fauna of the Mearim, Pericumã, Pindaré, and Turiaçu rivers, which are still poorly studied, and have likely had their diversity underestimated up to now. Mearim Pericumã Pindaré wetlands collection 201 2020 10 7 genera 3 1 environments Potamotrygon orbignyi piau loweae spilopleura greedoi macropomum macrocephalus sp native Characiformes Loricariidae Characidae Auchenipteridae Cichlidae Serrasalmidae studied now 20 202 2

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.273525

COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE APPLIED IN OPTIMAL DESIGN OF WOODEN PLANE TRUSSES
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Christoforo, André L.

; Moraes, Matheus H. M. de

; Fraga, Iuri F.

; Pereira Junior, Wanderlei M.

; Lahr, Francisco A. R.

Engenharia Agrícola

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2022, Volume 42 Nº spe elocation e20210123

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The use of wood is widespread in rural constructions, and the truss systems stand out among its various applications. This specific system has several typologies and requires a thorough study to determine the most advantageous model for each project. The present study aims to apply the Computational Intelligence concepts to determine the minimum viable cross-section of a Howe truss. For the computational simulation, methods like Finite Elements were used to obtain the loads and the Firefly Algorithm for the optimization process, focusing on minimizing the total weight of the structural part. Studies were conducted varying the spans of the elements and the height to span ratio. The design assumptions for establishing the optimization method’s constraints follow the recommendations of the Brazilian standard for wood design, ABNT NBR 7190 (1997). Weights between 95.42 kg and 653.57 kg were obtained, and all optimization processes presented feasible solutions for the design constraints.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v42nepe20210123/2022

Effect of pH level and calcination on the production of calcium phosphates by acidic route of wet precipitation
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Neves, J. G.

; Navarro da Rocha, D.

; Lopes, C. C.

; Prado da Silva, M. H.

; Sinhoreti, M. A. C.

; Correr-Sobrinho, L.

; Fraga, M. A. A.

; Correr, A. B.

Cerâmica

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Jun 2021, Volume 67 Nº 382 Páginas 236 - 243

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Abstract Multiphasic calcium phosphate powders were synthesized by the acidic route, using lactic acid as a chelating agent that allows the production of a stable and rich solution of calcium and phosphate ions at room temperature. After pH adjusting, without varying the concentrations of precursor solution, XRD and FTIR analyses showed different CaP phases before and after heat treatment at 1000 °C. At pH 5, brushite plate-like particles were produced, while at higher pH levels (7 to 12) nano-hydroxyapatite particles were formed. After the calcination process, partial and total decomposition of hydroxyapatite in the β-TCP phase was explained by XRF analysis due to the calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite of synthesized samples at pH 7 and 10. This work presents an important method to synthesize any desired CaP phase compositions by varying the pH level and subsequently performing heat treatment, which has a direct effect on morphology, crystallinity, and formation of different CaP powders.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132021673822965 262 downloads

ALTERNATIVES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LEVULINIC ACID OBTAINED FROM BIOMASS
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Santos, Lucas A. dos

; Fraga, Gabrielle das V.

; Pontes, Danilo Aguiar

; Campos, Leila M. A.

; Pontes, Luiz A. M.

; Teixeira, Leonardo S. G.

Química Nova

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2021, Volume 44 Nº 10 Páginas 1300 - 1310

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Levulinic acid is a reactive polar organic compound deemed as a building block for several products with relevant applications, replacing traditional substances in the petrochemical industry. Considered a platform molecule, levulinic acid is industrially produced from the acid hydrolysis of biomass - mainly plant-based - using hydrochloric or sulfuric acid in homogenous catalysis. However, considering the World Market for levulinic acid is expected to reach US$ 71.9 million in 2027, growing annually at 14.1%, and its applications in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, cosmetics, and food additives, the development of alternative production processes is sought. Hence, a survey was performed on publications considering the alternatives for biomass-based levulinic acid production processes: I) alternative homogenous catalysts to avoid using noble materials in the reactor; II) heterogeneous catalysis to facilitate and reduce the catalyst’s separation and recovery costs; III) ionic liquids, exploiting their high solvency, stability, and catalytic capacity. Additionally, biomass alternatives for obtaining levulinic acid are presented, showing that other agricultural residues and animal biomass options are being considered, targeting process flexibilization while reducing costs and producing derivatives at more competitive prices. Thus, it can be stated that levulinic acid is an important platform molecule for biorefineries’ economics, replacing fossil fuels with renewable raw materials.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170773

FINANCIAL WELL-BEING OF THE BENEFICIARIES OF THE MINHA CASA MINHA VIDA PROGRAM: PERCEPTION AND ANTECEDENTS
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VIEIRA, KELMARA M.

; BRESSAN, AURELIANO A.

; FRAGA, LUANA S.

RAM. Revista de Administração Mackenzie

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2021, Volume 22 Nº 2 elocation eRAMG210115

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo: Este artigo tem dois objetivos principais: 1. mensurar o nível de bem-estar financeiro (BEF) dos beneficiários do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV) e 2. testar a hipótese de que a alfabetização financeira é um antecedente do BEF. Originalidade/valor: Considerando que ainda não há uma definição e uma medida universalmente aceitas para o BEF (Brüggen, Hogreve, Holmlund, Kabadayi, & Löfgren, 2017), este estudo busca aplicar a metodologia proposta pelo Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) no Brasil, uma vez que as tentativas anteriores de aplicação de outras escalas demonstraram uma grande instabilidade. E ainda é testada a hipótese de que a alfabetização financeira é um antecedente do BEF. Design/metodologia/abordagem: Para mensurar, o BEF utilizou-se a escala desenvolvida pelo CFPB. A alfabetização financeira foi construída a partir das três dimensões propostas pela Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), a saber: comportamento, atitude e conhecimento financeiros. O instrumento foi aplicado em 561 beneficiários das três faixas de financiamento do PMCMV. Utilizaram-se para análise técnicas de estatística descritiva, análise fatorial confirmatória e regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos beneficiários do programa apresenta níveis médio baixo e médio alto de BEF. A hipótese de que a alfabetização financeira é um antecedente do BEF foi confirmada, e as três dimensões impactaram positivamente. O nível de renda também exerce impacto positivo, ao passo que o fato de possuir dependentes exerce influência negativa no nível de BEF. A escala de BEF proposta pelo CFPB parece adequada ao contexto brasileiro. O avanço nas estratégias nacionais de alfabetização financeira tende a ampliar o BEF dos beneficiários do PMCMV.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This article has two main objectives: to measure the level of financial well-being (FWB) of the beneficiaries of the Minha Casa Minha Vida program (PMCMV) and test the hypothesis that financial literacy is an antecedent of the FWB. Originality/value: Considering that there is still no universally accepted definition and measure for the FWB (Brüggen, Hogreve, Holmlund, Kabadayi, & Löfgren, 2017), this study seeks to apply the methodology proposed by the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) in Brazil, since the previous applications attempts of other scales showed great instability. Also, the hypothesis that the financial literacy is a antecedent of the FWB is tested. Design/methodology/approach: To measure the FWB, the scale developed by the CFPB was used. Financial literacy was built from the three dimensions proposed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which are: financial behavior, attitude and financial knowledge. The instrument was implemented in 561 beneficiaries of the three funding ranges of the PMCMV. It was used for descriptive statistical analysis, confirmatory factorial analysis and multiple linear regression. Findings: The results indicated that the majority of the beneficiaries of the program present medium-low and medium-high levels of FWB. The hypothesis that financial literacy is an antecedent of the FWB was confirmed, and all three dimensions had a positive impact. Levels of income also presented a positive influence, whereas the fact of having dependents had a negative impact. The BEF measure proposed by the CFPB seems adequate to the Brazilian context. And advances in the national financial literacy strategies tend to increase the FWB of the Minha Casa Minha Vida program.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-6971/eramg210115 547 downloads

PERSPECTIVAS DE MERCADO E DESAFIOS DA PRODUÇÃO DO ÁCIDO ITACÔNICO A PARTIR DE BIOMASSA
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Fraga, Gabrielle das V.

; Ruy, Alisson D. S.

; Pontes, Luiz A. M.

; Campos, Leila M. A.

; Teixeira, Leonardo S. G.

Química Nova

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Jul 2020, Volume 43 Nº 7 Páginas 951 - 958

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Itaconic acid (IA) is a very promising platform molecule due to the possibility of it being used to obtain products such as methyl methacrylate and synthetic latex, with the prospect that its global market will grow at an average annual rate of 2.8% (CAGR) from 2021 to 2026, exceeding US$ 116.6 million in sales. The main technological route used to obtain itaconic acid is fermentation using different strains of Aspergillus terreus fungi. The main advancements are related to genetic engineering, as Aspergillus terreus is the most tolerant of the microorganisms employed in the process synthesis and optimization. The main substrate used is glucose (52%), followed by glycerol (25%). Among the results presented in this paper, the best production was achieved using Ustilago maydis, with 220 g L-1 of IA, yielding 0.33 g g-1, using glucose as a carbon source. Moreover, it is necessary to continue optimizing the biological process of IA production, since it is a platform molecule with major economic potential.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170573 854 downloads

First record of Cynomops planirostris (Peters, 1865) (Chiroptera, Molossidae) from Maranhão state, Brazil, based on morphological and molecular data
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Mendes, S. B.

; Lima, A. C. S.

; Reis, T. S.

; Fraga, E. C.

; Barros, M. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Jun 2020, Volume 80 Nº 2 Páginas 405 - 409

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Com base em dados morfológicos e moleculares apresenta-se o primeiro registro de Cynomops planirostris para o Estado do Maranhão. O espécime foi coletado na Área de Proteção Ambiental Municipal do Inhamum, no Maranhão, Brasil e caracterizado morfologicamente como um macho adulto com testículos escrotal, coloração da pelagem dorsal castanho avermelhado, pelagem ventral levemente mais clara, comprimento do antebraço variando de 34,70-34,80mm, fórmula dentária: i:1/1, c:1/1, pm:1/2, m:3/3=26. A sequência do marcador molecular Citocromo Oxidase subunidade I (COI) confirmou a diagnose morfológica do espécime com C. planirostris com significante similaridade. A combinação dos dados morfológicos e moleculares confirmou a ocorrência da espécie C. planirostris para o estado brasileiro do Maranhão, no bioma Cerrado e registra a distribuição geográfica da espécie em 411.30 Km.

Abstract Based on morphological and molecular data, we present the first record of Cynomops planirostris for the State of Maranhão. The specimen was collected in the Inhamum Municipal Environmental Protection Area in Maranhão, Brazil and characterized morphologically as an adult male with scrotal testicles, dorsal pelage reddish chestnut, with ventral pelage slightly lighter in color, forearm length 34.70-34.80mm dental formula i:1/1, c:1/1, pm:1/2, m:3/3 = 26. The sequence of the Cytochrome Oxidase I subunit (COI) molecular marker confirmed the morphological diagnosis of the specimen as C. planirostris with significant similarities. The combined analysis of both morphological and molecular confirmed the occurrence of C. planirostris in the Brazilian state of Maranhão, in the Cerrado biome and records extends the known geographic distribution of the species by 411.30 km.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.213968 429 downloads

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed with COVID-19 in a Tertiary Care Center in Mexico City: A Prospective Cohort Study
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Ortiz-Brizuela, Edgar

; Villanueva-Reza, Marco

; González-Lara, María F.

; Tamez-Torres, Karla M.

; Román-Montes, Carla M.

; Díaz-Mejía, Bruno A.

; Pérez-García, Esteban

; Olivas-Martínez, Antonio

; Rajme-López, Sandra

; Martinez-Guerra, Bernardo A.

; León-Cividanes, Nereyda A. de

; Fernández-García, Oscar A.

; Guerrero-Torres, Lorena

; Torres-González, Lorena

; Carrera-Patiño, Fabián A.

; Corral-Herrera, Ever A.

; Hernández-Alemón, Aldo N.

; Tovar-Vargas, Maria de los Ángeles

; Serrano-Pinto, Yamile G.

; Espejo-Ortiz, Cristian E.

; Morales-Ortega, María de la L.

; Lozano-Cruz, Óscar A.

; Cárdenas-Fragoso, José L.

; Vidal-Mayo, José de J.

; Hernández-Gilsoul, Thierry

; Rivero-Sigarroa, Eduardo

; Domínguez-Cherit, Guillermo

; Cervantes-Villar, Luz E.

; Ramos-Cervantes, Maria del P.

; Ibarra-González, Violeta

; Calva-Mercado, Juan J.

; Sierra-Madero, Juan G.

; López-Íñiguez, Álvaro

; Ochoa-Hein, Eric

; Crabtree-Ramírez, Brenda E.

; Galindo-Fraga, Arturo

; Guerrero-Almeida, María de L.

; Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo M.

; Gulías-Herrero, Alfonso

; Sifuentes-Osornio, José

; Kershenobich-Stalnikowitz, David

; Ponce-de-León, Alfredo

Revista de investigación clínica

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Jun 2020, Volume 72 Nº 3 Páginas 165 - 177

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Regional information regarding the characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 is needed for a better understanding of the pandemic. Objective: The objective of the study to describe the clinical features of COVID-19 patients diagnosed in a tertiary-care center in Mexico City and to assess differences according to the treatment setting (ambulatory vs. hospital) and to the need of intensive care (IC). Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort, including consecutive patients with COVID-19 from February 26, 2020 to April 11, 2020. Results: We identified 309 patients (140 inpatients and 169 outpatients). The median age was 43 years (interquartile range, 33-54), 59.2% men, and 18.6% healthcare workers (12.3% from our center). The median body mass index (BMI) was 29.00 kg/m2 and 39.6% had obesity. Compared to outpatients, inpatients were older, had comorbidities, cough, and dyspnea more frequently. Twenty-nine (20.7%) inpatients required treatment in the IC unit (ICU). History of diabetes (type 1 or 2) and abdominal pain were more common in ICU patients compared to non-ICU patients. ICU patients had higher BMIs, higher respiratory rates, and lower room-air capillary oxygen saturations. ICU patients showed a more severe inflammatory response as assessed by white blood cell count, neutrophil and platelet count, C-reactive protein, ferritin, procalcitonin, and albumin levels. By the end of the study period, 65 inpatients had been discharged because of improvement, 70 continued hospitalized, and five had died. Conclusions: Patients with comorbidities, either middle-age obese or elderly complaining of fever, cough, or dyspnea, were more likely to be admitted. At admission, patients with diabetes, high BMI, and clinical or laboratory findings consistent with a severe inflammatory state were more likely to require IC.

https://doi.org/10.24875/ric.20000211 533 downloads

10.

HÁ ALGO NOVO NO RECONHECIMENTO MOLECULAR APLICADO À QUÍMICA MEDICINAL?
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Fokoue, Harold H.

; Pinheiro, Pedro S. M.

; Fraga, Carlos A. M.

; Sant’Anna, Carlos M. R.

Química Nova

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Jan 2020, Volume 43 Nº 1 Páginas 78 - 89

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

In Medicinal Chemistry, the knowledge, the study and the understanding of the intermolecular interactions inherent to the molecular recognition of a ligand by its target bioreceptor are essential. This is because understanding these interactions, which define the molecular complementarity between the two, is the key to analyze critically structure-activity relationship studies, allowing the optimization of the modulation of a target bioreceptor by a ligand. Thus, it is necessary the constant study and analysis of intermolecular interactions related to the ligand-bioreceptor complexes. In general, these interactions are all electrostatic in nature, being traditionally classified into two large groups, the electrostatic forces themselves (such as those present in ion-dipole or ion-ion interactions) and van der Waals forces. Despite being well known, theoretical and experimental studies have revealed an increasing number of interactions mediated by these forces. This work presents and discusses intermolecular interactions considering “classical interactions” and “new interactions” in the context of Medicinal Chemistry, taking into account their current definitions, some theoretical principles of each interaction and addressing examples in which these interactions were important for complementarity between a ligand and a biorreceptor.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170474 2944 downloads

11.

First study on the helminth community structure of the neotropical marsupial Metachirus myosuros (Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae)
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Cirino, Bruna Silva

; Costa Neto, Sócrates Fraga da

; Maldonado Júnior, Arnaldo

; Gentile, Rosana

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária

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2020, Volume 29 Nº 3 elocation e005420

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Metachirus myosuros é uma espécie de marsupial amplamente distribuída na América do Sul. Apesar disso, existe pouca informação sobre seus helmintos parasitos e estrutura da comunidade de helmintos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever a composição e determinar os parâmetros parasitológicos em comunidades de helmintos de M. myosuros, em áreas preservadas de Mata Atlântica, Igrapiúna, Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil. Os parasitos foram procurados em 19 espécimes desse marsupial (18 estavam infectados com pelo menos uma espécie), contados e identificados. Dez espécies de helmintos foram coletadas: 7 nematoides, 2 platelmintos e 1 acantocéfalo. As espécies mais abundantes foram Aspidodera raillieti, Cruzia tentaculata, Physaloptera mirandai e Viannaia conspicua (Nematoda). Estas espécies também foram as únicas dominantes na comunidade componente. Os hospedeiros machos tiveram maior prevalência de P. mirandai e maior abundância de V. conspicua. Foi observada uma relação significativa entre o tamanho do corpo do hospedeiro e a abundância de helmintos em hospedeiros machos e fêmeas, e entre o tamanho do corpo do hospedeiro e a riqueza de espécies de helmintos em fêmeas. Este foi o primeiro estudo a analisar a helmintofauna e a estrutura da comunidade de helmintos de M. myosuros. E também foi o primeiro relato da ocorrência de A. raillieti e Didelphonema longispiculata em M. myosuros.

Abstract Metachirus myosuros is a marsupial species widely distributed in South America. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge about its helminth parasites and helminth community structure. The aims of this study were to describe the species composition and determine the parasitological parameters of helminth communities of M. myosuros in preserved areas of the Atlantic Forest, Igrapiúna, Bahia state, northeastern Brazil. Parasites were searched from 19 specimens of this marsupial (18 were infected with at least one species), counted and identified. Ten species of helminth parasites were obtained: 7 nematodes, 2 platyhelminths and 1 acanthocephalan. The most abundant species were Aspidodera raillieti, Cruzia tentaculata, Physaloptera mirandai and Viannaia conspicua (Nematoda). These species were also the only dominant ones in the component community. Male hosts had higher prevalence of P. mirandai and greater abundance of V. conspicua. We observed a relationship between host body size and helminth abundance in both male and female hosts, and between host body size and helminth species richness in female hosts. This was the first study to analyze the helminth fauna and helminth community structure of M. myosuros. This was the first report of occurrences of A. raillieti and Didelphonema longispiculata in M. myosuros.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612020064 891 downloads

12.

Genetic variability of populations of the white-eared opossum, Didelphis albiventris Lund 1840 (Didelphimorphia; Didelphidae) in Brazil
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Nascimento, D. C.

; Campos, B. A. T. P.

; Fraga, E. C.

; Barros, M. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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Nov 2019, Volume 79 Nº 4 Páginas 594 - 602

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Didelphis albiventris é encontrada em todo o Nordeste e região central do Brasil até o centro-sul do Uruguai e foi alvo de poucos estudos em nível populacional. Dessa forma, o presente estudo, investiga a variabilidade genética da espécie usando o marcador molecular citocromo c oxidase subunidade I. Analisou-se amostras de diferentes biomas de três regiões brasileiras: Nordeste (Caatinga, Cerrado e Floresta Atlântica), Sudeste (Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, ecótonos Cerrado/Floresta Atlântica e Cerrado/Caatinga) e Sul (Pampa e Floresta Atlântica). O software BAPs recuperou cinco demes distintos: dm 1, dm 2 e dm 5, que ocorrem nas regiões Sul, Nordeste e Sudeste, respectivamente, e os dm 3 e dm 4, que são amplamente distribuído no Nordeste e Sudeste. Análises populacionais realizadas com AMOVA, rede de haplótipo e teste de Mantel estimaram a veracidade das demes. O FST mostrou estruturação para as cinco demes, com dm 1 (região Sul) isolada das demais, entretanto as outras análises mostraram as demes Nordeste/Sudeste (dm 2-5) unidos, diagnosticando fluxo gênico entre elas, principalmente em zonas de transição, em áreas tão distante quanto áreas com similar intervalo de latitude (Sudeste e Sul), onde não foram detectado fluxo gênico. Na rede de haplótipo, os passos mutacionais foram conclusivos em separar dm 1 do dm 2-5 com 15 passos mutacionais, e o teste de Mantel foi moderado, o que é explicado pela similaridade genética apesar da grande distância geográfica (Nordeste/Sudeste). Assim, duas linhagens diferentes (Sul e Sudeste/Nordeste) foram encontradas, indicando que os biomas não foram decisivos em seus isolamentos. Os compartilhamentos das demes, em zonas de transição e em áreas com elevados intervalos de latitude, refletem um polimorfismo ancestral recente para D. albiventris. A plasticidade na ocupação do espaço por esta espécie contribui em sua ampla capacidade de dispersão, ou seja, distribuição geográfica. Nossos resultados revelam importantes implicações para o manejo de D. albiventris nessas áreas de zonas de transição, onde as demes são compartilhadas.

Abstract Didelphis albiventris are found throughout Northeast and Central Brazil to central-southern Uruguay and it was subject of few studies in a population level. Given this, the present study investigated the genetic variability of the species using the mitochondrial molecular marker cytochrome oxidase c subunit I. We analyzed samples from the different biomes within three Brazilian regions: Northeast (Caatinga , Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest), Southeast (Cerrado , Atlantic Forest, Cerrado/Atlantic Forest, and Cerrado/Caatinga ecotones) and South (Pampa and Atlantic Forest). Software BAPs retrieved five distinct demes: dm 1, dm 2, and dm 5 that occurs in South, Northeast and Southeast regions respectively and the dm 3 and dm 4 are wide distributed in Northeast and Southeast. Population analysis performed with AMOVA, haplotype network and Mantel test estimated the veracity of the demes. The FST shows structuring for the five demes, with dm 1 (South region) isolated from the others, however the other analysis showed the Northeast/Southeast demes (dm 2-5) united, diagnosing gene flow between them, mainly at the transitional zones, in areas as far away as areas with similar latitude interval (Southeast vs South) that was not detected gene flow. In the haplotype network, the mutational steps was conclusive in split dm1 from dm 2-5 with 15 mutational steps and the Mantel test was moderated, which is explained by genetic similarity despite the great geographic distances (Northeast/Southeast). Thus, our analysis recognized two different lineages (South and Northeast/Southeast) and indicate that the biomes were not decisive in their isolation. The sharing of demes at the transitional zones and in areas with high latitudinal intervals reflects a recent ancestral polymorphism for D. albiventris. The plasticity in the occupation of the space by this species contributes in its wide dispersion capability, that is, geographical distribution. Our results revealed important implications for the management of D. albiventris in these transitional zones areas where demes were shared.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.184842 1223 downloads

13.

FUNCTIONALIZED GRAPHENE-BASED MATERIALS AS INNOVATIVE ADSORBENTS OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS: A CONCISE OVERVIEW
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Fraga, Tiago J. M.

; Carvalho, Marilda N.

; Ghislandi, Marcos G.

; Motta Sobrinho, Maurício A. da

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Mar 2019, Volume 36 Nº 1 Páginas 1 - 31

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The functionalization of graphene nanosheets is the cutting edge of materials sciences nowadays. Such research promotes the development of innovative, low cost and highly capable sorbents. This review article aims to assemble the available information on functionalized graphene used for the adsorption of organic pollutants and establishes a critical comparison between the data reported in the literature. Various optimal experimental conditions (pH, temperature, contact time, adsorbent dosage) and adsorbent characterization methods (FTIR, Raman, XPS spectra, XRD, TEM and AFM) have been listed to enlighten adsorption mechanisms, capacity and limiting aspects. Moreover, adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic data of different functionalized graphene-based materials towards a wide range of organic pollutants were analyzed and tabulated. In each evaluation topic, environmental and human health protection is subject for discussion, as well as the scientific breakthrough works available in high impact journals in the field.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20190361s20180283 6897 downloads

14.

ANALYSIS OF A BRAZILIAN THERMAL PLANT OPERATION APPLYING ENERGETIC AND EXERGETIC BALANCES
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Fraga, M. M. C.

; Campos, B. L. de O.

; Lisboa, M. S.

; Almeida, T. B. de

; Costa, A. O. S. da

; Lins, V. de F. C.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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Dez 2018, Volume 35 Nº 4 Páginas 1395 - 1403

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT When the level of water reservoirs from Brazilian hydroelectric stations is low, additional thermal plants are turned on to complement the power of the national electric system. The fuels used in these plants are generally natural gas, fuel oil and coal. The objective of this work is to analyze energetically and exergetically a fuel oil thermal plant in operation in Brazil. Real industrial data were used in this analysis. The calculated total work of the turbine is 120.73 MW, which is close to the real value of 120 MW. The cycle energetic efficiency is 36.8% and the exergetic efficiency is 34.4%. The highest exergy destruction was found to be in the boiler (177.11 MW), followed by the high pressure turbine (13.37 MW), due to larger irreversibilities in the processes of these equipment. The exergetic analysis functioned as a complement to the energetic analysis, pointing out where the greatest irreversibilities and improvement potential are: in the boiler.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20180354s20170425 1273 downloads

15.

Pseudotumor cerebri in childhood and adolescence: data from a specialized service
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Balbi, Gabriela G. M.

; Matas, Sandro L.

; Len, Claudio A.

; Fraga, Melissa M.

; Sousa, Iggor O.

; Terreri, Maria Teresa

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria

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Nov 2018, Volume 76 Nº 11 Páginas 751 - 755

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Relatar os casos de crianças e adolescentes com diagnóstico de pseudotumor cerebral com ou sem doença reumática. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo através de revisão de prontuários, 29 pacientes com idade até 18 anos e diagnóstico de pseudotumor, atendidos nos ambulatórios de Reumatologia Pediátrica e Neurologia de um hospital terciário, registrados até dezembro de 2016. Resultados: Dentre os 29 pacientes com diagnóstico de pseudotumor cerebral, 51,7% eram meninas. A média de idade de aparecimento dos sintomas foi de 12,3 anos. Em relação à etiologia do pseudotumor cerebral, em 18 pacientes (62%) foi possível identificar uma causa, sendo o diagnóstico de doença reumática associada em quatro desses casos. Cefaléia foi o sintoma mais frequente (69%), e a medicação mais utilizada foi a acetazolamida (69%). Dois pacientes evoluíram para cegueira e 10 ainda se encontram em seguimento ambulatorial. Conclusão: Concluímos que, apesar de raro, o diagnóstico de pseudotumor cerebral deve ser considerado em crianças com cefaleia, principalmente nos pacientes com doença reumática.

ABSTRACT Objective: To report cases of children and adolescents diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri associated or not with rheumatic disease. Methods: This was a retrospective study based on medical reports of 29 patients, up to 18 years of age and diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri, followed up in the Pediatric Rheumatology and Neurology outpatient clinics of a tertiary hospital, until December 2016. Results: Among the 29 patients diagnosed with pseudotumor cerebri, 51.7% were girls and the mean age at the disease onset was 12.3 years. In 18 patients (62%) where an etiology was found, four were associated with a rheumatic disease. The most common symptom was headache (69%) and acetazolamide was the most used medication (69%). Two patients developed blindness and 10 are still being followed up. Conclusion: Although rare, pseudotumor cerebri should be considered in children with headaches, especially in patients with rheumatic disease.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20180131 1968 downloads

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