RESUMO Objetivo Caracterizar o consumo alimentar através do grau de processamento industrial dos alimentos consumidos por adolescentes matriculados em escolas públicas. Métodos Estudo transversal com adolescentes de 14 a 19 anos de ambos os sexos matriculados em escolas públicas de Juiz de Fora, MG. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado através de dois recordatórios de 24h. Os alimentos foram classificados em três grupos de acordo com o grau de processamento industrial: (1) alimentos in natura ou minimamente processados, ingredientes culinários e preparações a base desses alimentos; (2) alimentos processados; (3) alimentos ultraprocessados. Ademais, foram coletadas informações de peso e altura dos estudantes, com posterior cálculo de índice de massa corporal/idade para avaliação do estado nutricional conforme o sexo. Foram realizados os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis, adotando o valor de p<0,05. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 804 adolescentes, com predomínio do sexo feminino (57,5%). Entre os adolescentes, 29,9% das meninas e 26,1% dos meninos apresentaram excesso de peso. Observou-se diferença no consumo diário de alimentos prontos de sabor doce, sendo maior no sexo feminino (26,2%) quando comparado ao masculino (18,1%), ao passo que o consumo de refrigerantes de uma a quatro vezes na semana foi de 47,2% e 55,6% nas meninas e meninos, respectivamente (p<0,05). Maior consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi observado no sexo feminino (p=0,02) e de alimentos processados no sexo masculino (p=0,008). Conclusão Verificou-se elevada contribuição proveniente do grupo dos alimentos ultraprocessados na dieta dos adolescentes de escolas públicas, com altas prevalências de excesso de peso em ambos os sexos.

ABSTRACT Objective To characterize food consumption, considering the degree of industrial food processing by public schools’ adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional study involving adolescents aged 14 to 19 years, of both genders, attending public schools in Juiz de Fora, MG. Food consumption was assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls. Foods were classified into three groups according to the degree of industrial processing: (1) unprocessed foods or minimally processed foods, culinary ingredients and preparations based on these foods; (2) processed foods; (3) ultra-processed foods. In addition, weight and height information was collected, with subsequent calculation of body mass index/age to assess the individuals’ nutritional status according to the gender. Pearson’s chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed, adopting a value of p<0.05. Results The sample consisted of 804 adolescents, with a predominance of females (57.5%). In the sample, 29.9% and 26.1%, of girls and boys, respectively, were overweight. There was a difference in the daily consumption of ready-made sweet-tasting foods, being higher in females (26.2%) when compared to males (18.1%), whereas the consumption of soft drinks (one to four times a week) was 47.2% and 55.6% in girls and boys, respectively (p<0.05). Higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was observed in females (p=0.02) and processed foods in males (p=0.008). Conclusion There was a high contribution of ultra-processed foods in the diet of adolescents in public schools; a high prevalence of overweight was observed in both genders.

Euterpe oleracea Mart. é uma palmeira popularmente conhecida como açaí, encontrada no norte do Brasil. O fruto do açaí apresenta em sua composição antocianinas, uma classe de polifenóis à qual é atribuída propriedade antioxidante. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram desenvolver emulsões fotoprotetoras O/A contendo extrato glicólico de açaí (AGE), avaliar a estabilidade física e avaliar a eficácia fotoprotetora. Emulsões contendo AGE e filtros solares foram formuladas utilizando diferentes tipos e concentrações de tensoativo polimérico (acrilates/C 10-30 alquil acrilato polímero cruzado e polilacrilato sódico). A influência de dois modificadores reológicos (poliacrilamida (e) C13-14/isoparafina (e) Laureth-7 e Carbomer) na estabilidade foi avaliada. A estabilidade física das emulsões foi avaliada por meio de estudos de estabilidade preliminar e acelerada. Emulsões com 1,0% poliacrilato sódico foram estáveis, exibiram comportamento não-newtoniano pseudoplástico e tixotrópico. A eficácia fotoprotetora foi avaliada pelo teste in vivode Fator de Proteção Solar (FPS) e pela determinação do Fator de Proteção UVA (FP-UVA). Quando adicionado o AGE na emulsão contendo filtros solares, não se observou aumento significativo no valor do FPS. A emulsão contendo o AGE apresentou FP-UVA=14,97, a razão FPS/FP-UVA = 1,69 e o comprimento de onda crítico igual a 378 nm, podendo ser considerado um protetor solar com proteção UVA e UVB.

Euterpe oleraceaMart. is a palm tree popularly known as açai, which is primarily found in northern Brazil. The açai's fruits contain anthocyanins, a class of polyphenols to which antioxidant properties have been attributed. The aim of this work was to develop O/W sunscreens emulsions containing açai glycolic extract (AGE) and to evaluate both their physical stability and photoprotective efficacy. Emulsions containing AGE and sunscreens were formulated using different types and concentrations of polymeric surfactant (acrylates/C 10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer and sodium polyacrylate). The influence of two rheology modifiers (polyacrylamide (and) C13-14/isoparaffin (and) Laureth-7 and Carbomer) on the stability was also investigated. Physical stability was evaluated by preliminary and accelerated studies. Emulsions with 1.0% sodium polyacrylate were stable and exhibited non-newtonian pseudoplastic behavior and thixotropy. Photoprotective efficacy was evaluated by in vivo Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and determination of Protection Factor of UVA (PF-UVA). When AGE was added to the sunscreen emulsion, no significant increase in the in vivo SPF value was observed. The emulsion containing AGE showed PF-UVA = 14.97, 1.69 of the SPF/PF-UVA ratio and a critical wavelength value of 378 nm, and may therefore be considered a sunscreen with UVA and UVB protection.

Crianças pré-termo podem apresentar distúrbios leves do desenvolvimento motor, que podem ser imperceptíveis até a idade pré-escolar ou escolar. O objetivo desse estudo foi comparar o desenvolvimento motor de crianças pré-termo moderadas com crianças a termo aos sete e oito anos de idade. Foram coletados dados de 13 crianças pré-termo e 13 crianças a termo de uma escola da rede municipal de Betim. Foi utilizada a Escala de Desenvolvimento Motor para avaliar motricidade fina, motricidade global, equilíbrio, esquema corporal, organização espacial e organização temporal, bem como a idade motora geral e o quociente motor geral. O teste Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para comparar as idades motoras e os quocientes motores entre os grupos. Foi encontrada diferença significativa somente nos valores da motricidade fina entre os grupos (p=0,01), sendo que o grupo pré-termo apresentou desempenho inferior. Dessa forma, crianças pré-termo moderadas que não apresentam características de alto risco biológico ao nascimento também podem necessitar de acompanhamento ambulatorial até a idade escolar.

Preterm children may have light motor developmental impairments, which may be imperceptible until pre-school age or even school age. The aim of this study was to compare the motor development of moderate preterm children with full-term ones at seven and eight years of age. Data from 13 preterm and 13 full-term children were collected from a public school in Betim-MG. The Motor Development Scale was used to access fine and global motricity, balance, body scheme, spatial organization, time organization, as well as general motor age and general motor quotient. The Mann-Whitney's Test was used to compare the motor ages and motor quotients between the groups. A significant difference was only found in the fine motricity values between the groups (p=0.01), the preterm group having shown a poorer performance. Therefore, moderate preterm children who do not have highly risky biological characteristics at birth may also need outpatient assistance up to school age.

Antibiotic resistance has been growing at an alarming rate and consequently the arsenal of effective antibiotics against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria has dropped dramatically. In this sense there is a strong need to produce new substances that not only have good spectrum of activity, but having new mechanisms of action. In this regard, this paper emphasizes the coordination of metals to antibiotics as a strategy for reversing antibiotic resistance and production of new drugs, with a special focus on quinolones, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides and tetracyclines.

Este artigo descreve a síntese e caracterização de um novo complexo binuclear de paládio (II) contendo o antibiótico oxitetraciclina. O complexo foi caracterizado pelas técnicas usuais de análise. Pela análise do espectro de infravermelho sugerimos que o íon paládio(II) coordena-se no anel A, mais especificamente nos oxigênios da amida e da hidroxila vizinha no anel A e aos oxigênios da carbonila em C11 e da hidroxila em C12.

This article reports the synthesis and characterization of a new binuclear complex of palladium (II) containing the antibiotic oxytetracycline. The complex was characterized by the usual techniques of analysis. With respect to sites of coordination, the IR spectral data suggests the involvement the oxygen of the amide group and the oxygen of the neighbor hydroxyl group at ring A and to the carbonyl oxygen at C11 and the hydroxyl group at C12.

The present work describes the synthesis of a series of platinum(IV) complexes with N-benzyl 1,3-propanediamine derivatives. Since substitution of the axial ligands in the platinum(IV) complexes may alter their pharmacological properties, we have prepared complexes with different groups, such as hydroxide, chloride and acetate using a sequence of substitution reactions. The resulting complexes were fully characterized by IR, ¹H, 13C and 195Pt NMR spectroscopies, and elemental analysis.

In an attempt to reduce toxicity and widen the spectrum of activity of cisplatin and its analogues, much attention has been focused on designing new platinum complexes. This work reports the synthesis and characterization of novel compounds of the platinum (II) and platinum (IV) containing 2-furoic hydrazide acid and iodide as ligands. Although the prepared compounds do not present the classical structure of biologically active platinum analogues, they could be potentially active or useful as precursors to prepare antitumor platinum complexes. The reported compounds were characterized by ¹H NMR, 13C NMR, 195Pt NMR, IR and elemental analyses.

Este trabalho descreve a síntese e a caracterização de onze novos complexos de platina(II), contendo como ligantes derivados da 1,2-fenilenodiamina, da N-benzil etilenodiamina, e da 2- ou 4-picolina. Os complexos foram preparados em rendimentos satisfatórios pela reação dos ligantes com K2[PtCl4]. É descrita também a atividade citotóxica de um dos complexos de platina(II), em sete linhagens de células tumorais de origem humana, que se mostrou muito menos ativo do que a cisplatina.

This work describes the synthesis and characterization of eleven new platinum(II) complexes having ligands derived from 1,2-phenylenediamine, N-benzyl ethylenediamine and 2- or 4-picoline. The complexes were prepared in satisfactory yields by reaction of K2[PtCl4] with the appropriate ligand. The cytotoxic pre-screening of one of these complexes in seven human cancer cell lines showed that this compound is much less active than cisplatin.

Platinum (II) complexes, for example, cisplatin and carboplatin, have been used as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of various types of cancer. Several other complexes of this metallic ion are also under clinical evaluation. This work describes the synthesis of five new platinum (II) complexes having furan and 5-nitrofuran derivatives and chloride as ligands. The compounds were characterized by NMR, IR and elemental analysis.

The vast majority of clinically used antitumor drugs are either synthetic or natural product based organic compounds. In this review we describe different aspects, such as structure-activity relationships, mechanism of action, clinical uses and possible future prospects, of the platinum antitumor complexes, a distinct class of antitumor agents.