Abstract This article aims to analyze the clarity and engagement measures of publications on oral cancer in the Instagram profiles of official health agencies in Brazil. An infodemiological study was conducted with 81 profiles. Data collected concerned content classification, account and media, manner of addressing the topic, number of posts, likes, comments, views and hashtags. The clarity of the educational publications was assessed with the Brazilian version of the Clear Communication Index (BR-CDC-CCI). Data analysis involved Spearman’s correlation and the Mann-Whitney test (α = 5%). A total of 775 publications on oral cancer were found. The average BR-CDC-CCI score was 69.8 (SD = 15.5). The clarity of the information was adequate in 9.5% of the educational publications. Positive correlations were found between the number of likes and engagement (comments [r = 0.49], views [r = 0.96]), number of hashtags (r = 0.13) and year of publication (r = 0.21). Publications from the Health Ministry had a significantly higher BR-CDC-CCI score compared to the other profiles. Publications on oral cancer were correlated with engagement, year of publication and number of hashtags. Public agencies increased publications to reach the population, but the clarity of the content was low.

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é analisar a clareza e as medidas de engajamento das publicações sobre câncer bucal nos perfis do Instagram dos órgãos oficiais de saúde no Brasil. Realizou-se um estudo infodemiológico com 81 perfis. Foram coletados dados sobre classificação do conteúdo, conta e mídia, abordagem do tema, número de postagens, curtidas, comentários, visualizações e hashtags. A clareza das publicações educativas foi avaliada pela versão brasileira do Clear Communication Index (BR-CDC-CCI). A análise dos dados envolveu a correlação de Spearman e o teste de Mann-Whitney (α = 5%). Foram encontradas 775 publicações sobre câncer bucal. O escore médio do BR-CDC-CCI foi 69,8 (DP = 15,5). A clareza das informações foi adequada em 9,5% das publicações educativas. Correlações positivas foram encontradas entre o número de curtidas e engajamento (comentários [r = 0,49], visualizações [r = 0,96]), número de hashtags (r = 0,13) e ano de publicação (r = 0,21). Publicações do Ministério da Saúde apresentaram escore do BR-CDC-CCI significativamente maior do que os demais perfis (p = 0,01). As publicações sobre câncer bucal foram correlacionadas com engajamento, ano de publicação e número de hashtags. Os órgãos públicos aumentaram as publicações para atingir a população, mas a clareza do conteúdo foi baixa.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the usefulness, reliability, quality, and content of Portuguese-language YouTube videos on COVID-19. Material and Methods: Three keywords selected on Google Trends were searched on YouTube, and the 60 first videos listed with each term were analyzed. Two calibrated researchers evaluated the reliability (DISCERN Modified Scale), the quality (Global Quality Score - GQS), and the usefulness of videos for the users (COVID-19 Specific Score - CSS). The number of views, likes, and engagement were also analyzed. The data were evaluated by the Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation (α=5%). Results: 59 videos were included. The average scores of quality, reliability, and usefulness were 3.0 (±1.1), 3.2 (± 0.8), and 1.5 (± 0.9), respectively. Two-thirds of the videos (64.4%) had low/moderate quality, and the majority (76.2%) were about signs and symptoms. The numbers of views (p=0.005), likes (p=0.006), and engagement (p=0.014) were significantly higher in moderate/good quality videos. The number of comments (p=0.007), duration of videos (p=0.004), and the DISCERN score (p<0.001) were significantly higher in videos made by health professionals. The general quality of the videos was positively correlated to the CSS scores, number of views, likes, and engagement (p<0.05). Conclusion: Most videos had moderate quality and reliability and low usefulness for the users.

Abstract This article aims to analyze residential segregation by race (racial segregation) and income (economic segregation) in Brazil and explore its relationship with socioeconomic and socio-spatial factors. Residential segregation was assessed using the dissimilarity index based on the 2010 demographic census and considering urban census tracts since segregation is sociologically considered an urban problem. The results for racial segregation showed that it is more evident in cities in the South and Southeast of Brazil and mainly affects the self-declared black population. The approach used to calculate economic segregation involved examining the income level of different low-income groups. Therefore, we consider families that earned between 0 and 1 minimum wage as the group with the greatest social vulnerability. We did not find significant correlations between racial and income segregation indices with aspects such as urbanization (urban population size). Finally, we present the racial segregation indices stratifying families by income thresholds for the 27 Brazilian capitals and conclude that per capita household income is a preponderant factor for the segregation of the poorest, especially in families whose residents self-identify as black.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar la segregación residencial por raza (segregación racial) y renta (segregación económica) en Brasil y explorar su relación con factores socioeconómicos y socioespaciales. La segregación residencial se evaluó utilizando el índice de disimilitud con base en el censo demográfico de 2010 y considerando las secciones censales urbanas ya que la segregación es considerada sociológicamente como un problema urbano. Los resultados para la segregación racial mostraron que esta es más evidente en ciudades del sur y del sudeste de Brasil y que afecta principalmente a la población autodeclarada negra. El enfoque usado para calcular la segregación económica implicó examinar el nivel de ingresos de diferentes grupos de bajos ingresos. Por lo tanto, consideramos que las familias que ganaban entre cero y un salario mínimo son el grupo con mayor vulnerabilidad social. No encontramos correlaciones significativas entre los índices de segregación racial y los de ingresos con factores como la urbanización (tamaño de la población urbana). Finalmente, presentamos los índices de segregación racial estratificando a las familias por umbrales de renta para las 27 capitales brasileñas y concluimos que la renta per cápita de los hogares es un factor preponderante para la segregación de los más pobres, en especial en las familias cuyos habitantes se autodeclaran negros.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a segregação residencial por raça (segregação racial) e renda (segregação econômica) no Brasil e explorar sua relação com fatores socioeconômicos e socioespaciais. A segregação residencial foi avaliada pelo índice de dissimilaridade baseado no Censo Demográfico de 2010 e considerando setores censitários urbanos, uma vez que a segregação é entendida sociologicamente como um problema urbano. Os resultados mostram que a segregação racial é mais evidente nas cidades do Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, atingindo principalmente a população autodeclarada preta. A abordagem utilizada para calcular a segregação econômica envolveu examinar o nível de renda de diferentes grupos de baixa renda. Portanto, consideramos as famílias que ganham entre 0 e 1 salário mínimo - o grupo de maior vulnerabilidade social. Não encontramos correlações significativas entre os índices de segregação racial e de renda com fatores como a urbanização (tamanho da população urbana). Por fim, apresentamos os índices de segregação racial estratificando as famílias por faixas de renda para as 27 capitais brasileiras e concluímos que a renda domiciliar per capita é fator preponderante para a segregação dos mais pobres, principalmente nas famílias cujos moradores se autodeclaram pretos.

Abstract The study analyzed the clarity of publications on human papillomavirus (HPV) in the Instagram profiles of official Brazilian health agencies. An infodemiological study analyzed publications on HPV in the 81 Instagram profiles selected from the Health Ministry, States’ Health Departments, and dental councils and associations. The following data were collected: classification of content, type of profiles, type of media, how the content was addressed, number of posts, frequency, likes, comments, viewings, and hashtags, and how the HPV vaccine was addressed. The clarity of the educational publications was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Clear Communication Index (BR-CDC-CCI). Data analysis was performed with Spearman’s correlation and the Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). A total of 504 publications on HPV were found. The average number of likes was 528.3 (SD = 2388.2) and the average BR-CDC-CCI score was 67.1 (SD = 14.1). The quality and clarity of the information was considered adequate (BR-CDC-CCI score ≥ 90) in 6.9% of the publications. A weak positive correlation was found between the number of likes and both the BR-CDC-CCI score (r = 0.195) and number of posts (r = 0.124). Publications from the Health Ministry had a significantly higher BR-CDC-CCI score (72.9) compared to the other profiles analyzed (p = 0.01). Most publications concerned government actions, had low engagement, and written educational information was of low clarity and quality. However, the effort to reach the population was evident, with an increase in publications over the years.

Abstract: The authors developed and validated a short form of the Brazilian Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Paediatric Dentistry (BOHLAT-P). Data included responses from 200 parents of preschoolers to sociodemographic and oral health service access questions on the BOHLAT-P, the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30), and the Brazilian Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). Data on the preschoolers’ dental caries experience (ICDAS-II) were also included. An item response theory-based approach was employed to develop the short form, while confirmatory factor analysis evaluated the instrument dimensionality. The validity and reliability of the short form were tested by statistical analysis using BREALD-30, B-ECOHIS, and sociodemographic and dental caries experience data. The short form (BOHLAT-P-30) comprises 30 items, is unidimensional, and presents better model fit estimates (TLI = 0.94; CFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.05) than those of the BOHLAT-P. Moreover, BOHLAT-P-30 demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.95). BOHLAT-P-30 scores were positively correlated with BREALD-30 scores (r = 0.71), with the number of years of schooling (r = 0.60), and with the number of hours spent reading (r = 0.33). BOHLAT-P-30 scores were negatively correlated with B-ECOHIS scores (r = -0.21), and with the number of teeth with cavitated caries (r = -0.18). After controlling for confounding factors, BOHLAT-P-30 scores were not found to be associated with caries presence, or with the number of teeth with cavitated caries. The BOHLAT-P-30 had properties similar to those of the BOHLAT-P, and proved to be a valid measure to assess the OHL of Brazilian parents.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate whether possible awake bruxism (AB) is associated with the use of electronic devices and the practice of sports in schoolchildren aged eight to ten years. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 students in public and private schools in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic data. The children answered questions about use of electronic devices, practice of sports, and AB. Statistical analysis involved robust logistic regression for complex samples (α = 5%). The prevalence of possible AB was 14.9%. Being female (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.11–2.63), being the middle child (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.14–3.88), having unmarried parents (OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.13–2.65), daily use of a cell phone/tablet/computer (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.19–2.80), use of electronic devices for two or more hours per day (OR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.35–2.86), and playing sports in and/or out of school (OR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.18–2.52) remained associated with possible AB in the final model. The presence of possible AB was influenced by the use of electronic devices and the practice of sports among schoolchildren aged eight to ten years.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between oral health problems and being ashamed of smiling or speaking among Brazilian adolescents. Material and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study carried out with secondary data from 7,328 12-year-old Brazilian adolescents from the latest Brazilian national oral health survey (SB Brasil 2010). The question “In the previous 6 months, have you been ashamed of smiling or speaking due to your teeth?” was the outcome variable. Calibrated examiners performed clinical examinations on adolescents for the diagnosis of dental caries (DMF-T), dental trauma, dental fluorosis and occlusal alterations. Data were analyzed descriptively and by Poisson unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression analysis (p<0.05). The final model was controlled by family income. Results: The prevalence of being ashamed of smiling or speaking was 13.6%. The following variables were associated with the outcome: female sex (PR= 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17-1.53), cavitated dental caries on upper incisors (PR= 1.81; 95% CI: 1.51-2.15), dental trauma (PR= 1.36; 95% CI:1.16-1.60), increased maxillary overjet (PR= 1.36; 95% CI:1.18-1.57), dental crowding (PR= 1.60; 95% CI:1.40-1.83), midline diastema (PR= 1.30; 95% CI:1.11-1.44), tooth loss (PR= 1.45; 95% CI:1.16-1.80), mild/questionable dental fluorosis (PR= 1.23; 95% CI:1.06-1.44) and moderate/severe dental fluorosis (PR= 1.67; 95% CI:1.15-2.44). Conclusion: Oral health problems that impact dental aesthetics were predisposing factors for being ashamed of smiling or speaking in Brazilian adolescents.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um nanocomplexo recém-desenvolvido formado entre hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina e 1% de tetrafluoreto de titânio (TiF4) após distintos períodos de complexação (12/72 horas) na desmineralização do esmalte bovino in vitro. Blocos de esmalte (n = 60) foram alocados para cada grupo: água Mili-Q, hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina, TiF4 a 1%, hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 1% após 12 horas de complexação e hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 1% após 72 horas de complexação. As amostras foram avaliadas pela microdureza superficial, microdureza transversal e micro-CT. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura / espectrometria de raios X por dispersão de energia (MEV / EDX) foram obtidas. A hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 1% após 12h de complexação resultou em um menor percentual de perda de microdureza superficial em comparação com água Mili-Q, hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina, TiF4 a 1% e hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 1% após 72 horas de complexação com uma ampla magnitude de efeito (de 1,307 a 2,943) e alto poder (84,9 a 99%). Todos os grupos resultaram em similar perda integrada de minerais (ΔZ) obtida por ambas as técnicas de microdureza e micro-CT. O esmalte tratado com os grupos TiF4 e TiF4 + hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina apresentou camada de esmalte TiO2, enquanto a avaliação de EDX identificou Ti. A solução contendo o complexo de inclusão de hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 com 12 horas de período de complexação demonstrou uma capacidade significativa para reduzir a desmineralização superficial do esmalte hígido sob um desafio cariogênico artificial.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the association of contextual and individual factors with Oral Health literacy (OHL) in early adolescence. This is a population-based cross-sectional study carried out with 740 12-year-old adolescents randomly selected by a two-stage probabilistic cluster sampling process from schools in Campina Grande, Brazil. The guardians provided sociodemographic information. Adolescents answered the Brazilian version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES III) to measure family functioning, and the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) to measure OHL. Descriptive analysis was conducted, followed by robust Poisson’s regression analysis for complex samples with a multilevel approach (p<0.05). Rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The two levels of the analysis were students and schools. Adolescents enrolled at schools with higher grade-retention rate had slightly worse OHL scores (RR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98 to 0.99). The following individual factors were associated with the level of OHL: the female sex (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.10), mother’s schooling more than eight years (RR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.19), younger guardians (RR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90 to 0.97) and a balanced family functioning (RR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.14). Individual and contextual factors were associated with OHL in early adolescence.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the correlation between human development and dental caries in 12-year-old schoolchildren from the twenty-seven Brazilian states and to analyze the spatial distribution of these variables. Material and Methods: This was an ecological study using secondary data from the National Epidemiological Oral Health Survey 2010 and from the United Nations Development Program. Human development was measured by the Human Development Index (HDI) and dental caries by the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index (DMFT). Dental caries prevalence and experience at the age of 12, and state HDI were entered into Google Sheets® and Google My Maps® for map creation. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation (HDI and DMFT, DMFT individual components, prevalence of dental caries and prevalence of dental pain) (p<0.05). Results: Prevalence of dental caries ranged from 37.3% to 78.2% among the states. Dental caries was more prevalent in Rondônia (78.2%) and less prevalent in Santa Catarina (37.3%). Mean DMFT ranged from 1.06 to 4.81, with the highest value in Rondônia (4.81) and the lowest in Distrito Federal (1.06). HDI ranged from 0.631 (Alagoas) to 0.863 (Distrito Federal). There were negative correlations between HDI and dental caries (r=-0.504), dental caries experience (r=-0.459), decayed (r=-0.441) and missing (r=-0.441) components of the DMFT (p<0.05). Conclusion: Higher human development of the region lower dental caries experience and prevalence in 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren.

Estratégias nacionais para o controle de anemia e deficiência de vitamina A em crianças estão baseadas em estimativas de suas prevalências produzidas em âmbito nacional em 2006 com métodos não validados para este grupo etário e com nível de desagregação para macrorregiões. Com o intuito de subsidiar a gestão local para o (re)direcionamento de medidas de controle desses agravos, o presente trabalho apresenta estimativas de sua prevalência e, também, de marcadores de consumo alimentar de fontes de micronutrientes e do uso de suplementos de vitaminas e minerais em amostra probabilística de crianças de 6 a 59 meses, usuárias da atenção básica de saúde do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (n = 536). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue venoso para análise de hemoglobina, ferritina e retinol sérico e dados sobre o consumo alimentar, o uso de suplementos de vitaminas e minerais e as características sociodemográficas. As prevalências de anemia, anemia ferropriva e deficiência de vitamina A foram de, respectivamente, 13,7%, 5,5% e 13%. Quase todas as crianças haviam consumido alimentos ricos em ferro no dia anterior à entrevista, sendo altas as prevalências de consumo de fontes de origem animal. Somente 49,4% haviam consumido alimentos ricos em vitamina A. As prevalências de uso de algum suplemento, de suplemento com ferro e com vitamina A foram de, respectivamente, 51%, 14,7% e 24,4%. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de redirecionamento das estratégias de prevenção e controle de anemia e deficiência de vitamina A. Estudos futuros são necessários para examinar a evolução desses indicadores, tendo em vista as políticas de austeridade que entraram em vigor nos últimos anos e a crise econômica decorrente da pandemia da COVID-19.

Brazilian national strategies for the control of anemia and vitamin A deficiency in children are based on estimates of their nationwide prevalence rates in 2006 with methods not validated for this age group and with disaggregation at the level of major geographic regions. To back local administrations in (re)directing control measures for these two disorders, the current study presents estimates of their prevalence and markers of dietary intake of sources of micronutrients and use of vitamin and mineral supplements in a probabilistic sample of children 6 to 59 months of age, users of primary healthcare in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (n = 536). Venous blood samples were drawn for analysis of hemoglobin, ferritin, and serum retinol, besides collection of data on food consumption, use of vitamin and mineral supplements, and sociodemographic characteristics. Prevalence rates for anemia, iron deficiency anemia, and vitamin A deficiency were 13.7%, 5.5%, and 13%, respectively. Nearly all the children had consumed iron-rich food the day before the interview, with high prevalence of animal sources. Only 49.4% had consumed foods high in vitamin A. The prevalence rates for use of any supplement, iron supplements, and vitamin A supplements were 51%, 14.7%, and 24.4%, respectively. The findings point to the need to redirect the strategies for prevention and control of anemia and vitamin A deficiency. Future studies are necessary to examine trends in these indicators, focusing on austerity policies implemented in recent years and the economic crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Las estrategias brasileñas para el control de anemia y deficiencia de vitamina A en niños están basadas en estimaciones de sus prevalencias, producidas en el ámbito nacional en 2006 con métodos no validados para este grupo etario, y con un nivel de desagregación en las macrorregiones. Con el fin de apoyar la gestión local para la (re)orientación de medidas de control de esos problemas de salud, este trabajo presenta estimaciones de su prevalencia y, también, de los marcadores de consumo alimentario de fuentes de micronutrientes y del uso de suplementos de vitaminas y minerales, en una muestra probabilística de niños de 6 a 59 meses, pacientes de atención básica de salud del Municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil (n = 536). Se recogieron muestras de sangre venosa para el análisis de hemoglobina, ferritina y retinol sérico, así como datos sobre el consumo alimentario, de suplementos de vitaminas y minerales, así como de características sociodemográficas. Las prevalencias de anemia, anemia ferropénica y deficiencia de vitamina A fueron de, respectivamente, 13,7%, 5,5% y 13%. Casi todos los niños habían consumido alimentos ricos en hierro el día anterior a la entrevista, siendo altas las prevalencias de consumo de fuentes de origen animal. Solamente un 49,4% habían consumido alimentos ricos en vitamina A. Las prevalencias de consumo de algún suplemento, de suplemento con hierro y de suplemento con vitamina A fueron de, respectivamente, 51%, 14,7% y 24,4%. Los resultados apuntan la necesidad de reorientar las estrategias de prevención y control de la anemia y deficiencia de vitamina A. Se necesitan estudios futuros para examinar la evolución de esos indicadores, teniendo en vista las políticas de austeridad que entraron en vigor en los últimos años y la crisis económica a consecuencia de la pandemia de COVID-19.

Estratégias nacionais para o controle de anemia e deficiência de vitamina A em crianças estão baseadas em estimativas de suas prevalências produzidas em âmbito nacional em 2006 com métodos não validados para este grupo etário e com nível de desagregação para macrorregiões. Com o intuito de subsidiar a gestão local para o (re)direcionamento de medidas de controle desses agravos, o presente trabalho apresenta estimativas de sua prevalência e, também, de marcadores de consumo alimentar de fontes de micronutrientes e do uso de suplementos de vitaminas e minerais em amostra probabilística de crianças de 6 a 59 meses, usuárias da atenção básica de saúde do Município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (n = 536). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue venoso para análise de hemoglobina, ferritina e retinol sérico e dados sobre o consumo alimentar, o uso de suplementos de vitaminas e minerais e as características sociodemográficas. As prevalências de anemia, anemia ferropriva e deficiência de vitamina A foram de, respectivamente, 13,7%, 5,5% e 13%. Quase todas as crianças haviam consumido alimentos ricos em ferro no dia anterior à entrevista, sendo altas as prevalências de consumo de fontes de origem animal. Somente 49,4% haviam consumido alimentos ricos em vitamina A. As prevalências de uso de algum suplemento, de suplemento com ferro e com vitamina A foram de, respectivamente, 51%, 14,7% e 24,4%. Os resultados apontam a necessidade de redirecionamento das estratégias de prevenção e controle de anemia e deficiência de vitamina A. Estudos futuros são necessários para examinar a evolução desses indicadores, tendo em vista as políticas de austeridade que entraram em vigor nos últimos anos e a crise econômica decorrente da pandemia da COVID-19.

Brazilian national strategies for the control of anemia and vitamin A deficiency in children are based on estimates of their nationwide prevalence rates in 2006 with methods not validated for this age group and with disaggregation at the level of major geographic regions. To back local administrations in (re)directing control measures for these two disorders, the current study presents estimates of their prevalence and markers of dietary intake of sources of micronutrients and use of vitamin and mineral supplements in a probabilistic sample of children 6 to 59 months of age, users of primary healthcare in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (n = 536). Venous blood samples were drawn for analysis of hemoglobin, ferritin, and serum retinol, besides collection of data on food consumption, use of vitamin and mineral supplements, and sociodemographic characteristics. Prevalence rates for anemia, iron deficiency anemia, and vitamin A deficiency were 13.7%, 5.5%, and 13%, respectively. Nearly all the children had consumed iron-rich food the day before the interview, with high prevalence of animal sources. Only 49.4% had consumed foods high in vitamin A. The prevalence rates for use of any supplement, iron supplements, and vitamin A supplements were 51%, 14.7%, and 24.4%, respectively. The findings point to the need to redirect the strategies for prevention and control of anemia and vitamin A deficiency. Future studies are necessary to examine trends in these indicators, focusing on austerity policies implemented in recent years and the economic crisis resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Las estrategias brasileñas para el control de anemia y deficiencia de vitamina A en niños están basadas en estimaciones de sus prevalencias, producidas en el ámbito nacional en 2006 con métodos no validados para este grupo etario, y con un nivel de desagregación en las macrorregiones. Con el fin de apoyar la gestión local para la (re)orientación de medidas de control de esos problemas de salud, este trabajo presenta estimaciones de su prevalencia y, también, de los marcadores de consumo alimentario de fuentes de micronutrientes y del uso de suplementos de vitaminas y minerales, en una muestra probabilística de niños de 6 a 59 meses, pacientes de atención básica de salud del Municipio de Río de Janeiro, Brasil (n = 536). Se recogieron muestras de sangre venosa para el análisis de hemoglobina, ferritina y retinol sérico, así como datos sobre el consumo alimentario, de suplementos de vitaminas y minerales, así como de características sociodemográficas. Las prevalencias de anemia, anemia ferropénica y deficiencia de vitamina A fueron de, respectivamente, 13,7%, 5,5% y 13%. Casi todos los niños habían consumido alimentos ricos en hierro el día anterior a la entrevista, siendo altas las prevalencias de consumo de fuentes de origen animal. Solamente un 49,4% habían consumido alimentos ricos en vitamina A. Las prevalencias de consumo de algún suplemento, de suplemento con hierro y de suplemento con vitamina A fueron de, respectivamente, 51%, 14,7% y 24,4%. Los resultados apuntan la necesidad de reorientar las estrategias de prevención y control de la anemia y deficiencia de vitamina A. Se necesitan estudios futuros para examinar la evolución de esos indicadores, teniendo en vista las políticas de austeridad que entraron en vigor en los últimos años y la crisis económica a consecuencia de la pandemia de COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the nursing team knowledge of a cancer hospital on care for patients with Malignant Fungating Wounds (MFW) and to analyze associated sociodemographic and educational factors. Method: an observational and cross-sectional study, conducted between September and October 2015, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee. A questionnaire was applied containing sociodemographic, educational and related components to the accomplishment of dressings, dressings choice and orientation. Data were analyzed by using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-Test and Pearson’s correlation. Results: 37 professionals participated in the study, most of whom were technicians (56.8%), women (91.9%) and with a mean age of 32 years. The professionals presented 56.5% of correct answers. There were no statistically significant associations between sociodemographic/educational variables and number of correct answers. Conclusion: there was a lack of important knowledge about care for patients with MFW, which should guide strategies for the oncology staff training.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento del equipo de enfermería de un hospital oncológico sobre el cuidado de pacientes con Úlceras Neoplásicas Malignas (UNM) y analizar factores sociodemográficos y educativos asociados. Método: estudio observacional y transversal, realizado entre septiembre y octubre de 2015, tras la aprobación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Se aplicó un cuestionario que contenía componentes sociodemográficos, educativos y relacionados con la realización de curativos, elección de coberturas y orientación. Los datos fueron analizados a través del Test Qui-Cuadrado, Exacto de Fisher, Test t de Student y correlación de Pearson. Resultados: en el estudio 37 profesionales, siendo la mayoría técnicos (56,8%), mujeres (91,9%) y con edad media de 32 años. Los profesionales presentaron un 56,5% de aciertos. No hubo asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre variables sociodemográficas/educativas y número de aciertos. Conclusión: se observó déficit de conocimientos importantes sobre el cuidado de pacientes con UNM, lo que debió orientar estrategias para capacitación de los equipos actuantes en Oncología.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital oncológico sobre o cuidado de pacientes com Feridas Neoplásicas Malignas (FNM) e analisar fatores sociodemográficos e educacionais associados. Método: estudo observacional e transversal, realizado entre setembro e outubro de 2015, após aprovação por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Foi aplicado questionário contendo componentes sociodemográficos, educacionais e relacionados à realização de curativos, escolha de coberturas e orientação. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Teste Qui-Quadrado, Exato de Fisher, Teste t de Student e correlação de Pearson. Resultados: participaram do estudo 37 profissonais, sendo a maioria técnicos (56,8%), mulheres (91,9%) e com idade média de 32 anos. Os profissionais apresentaram 56,5% de acertos. Não houve associações estatisticamente significativas entre variáveis sociodemográficas/educacionais e número de acertos. Conclusão: observou-se déficit de conhecimentos importantes sobre o cuidado de pacientes com FNM, o que deve nortear estratégias para capacitação das equipes atuantes em Oncologia.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital oncológico sobre o cuidado de pacientes com Feridas Neoplásicas Malignas (FNM) e analisar fatores sociodemográficos e educacionais associados. Método: estudo observacional e transversal, realizado entre setembro e outubro de 2015, após aprovação por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Foi aplicado questionário contendo componentes sociodemográficos, educacionais e relacionados à realização de curativos, escolha de coberturas e orientação. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Teste Qui-Quadrado, Exato de Fisher, Teste t de Student e correlação de Pearson. Resultados: participaram do estudo 37 profissonais, sendo a maioria técnicos (56,8%), mulheres (91,9%) e com idade média de 32 anos. Os profissionais apresentaram 56,5% de acertos. Não houve associações estatisticamente significativas entre variáveis sociodemográficas/educacionais e número de acertos. Conclusão: observou-se déficit de conhecimentos importantes sobre o cuidado de pacientes com FNM, o que deve nortear estratégias para capacitação das equipes atuantes em Oncologia.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the nursing team knowledge of a cancer hospital on care for patients with Malignant Fungating Wounds (MFW) and to analyze associated sociodemographic and educational factors. Method: an observational and cross-sectional study, conducted between September and October 2015, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee. A questionnaire was applied containing sociodemographic, educational and related components to the accomplishment of dressings, dressings choice and orientation. Data were analyzed by using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Student’s t-Test and Pearson’s correlation. Results: 37 professionals participated in the study, most of whom were technicians (56.8%), women (91.9%) and with a mean age of 32 years. The professionals presented 56.5% of correct answers. There were no statistically significant associations between sociodemographic/educational variables and number of correct answers. Conclusion: there was a lack of important knowledge about care for patients with MFW, which should guide strategies for the oncology staff training.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar el conocimiento del equipo de enfermería de un hospital oncológico sobre el cuidado de pacientes con Úlceras Neoplásicas Malignas (UNM) y analizar factores sociodemográficos y educativos asociados. Método: estudio observacional y transversal, realizado entre septiembre y octubre de 2015, tras la aprobación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación. Se aplicó un cuestionario que contenía componentes sociodemográficos, educativos y relacionados con la realización de curativos, elección de coberturas y orientación. Los datos fueron analizados a través del Test Qui-Cuadrado, Exacto de Fisher, Test t de Student y correlación de Pearson. Resultados: en el estudio 37 profesionales, siendo la mayoría técnicos (56,8%), mujeres (91,9%) y con edad media de 32 años. Los profesionales presentaron un 56,5% de aciertos. No hubo asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre variables sociodemográficas/educativas y número de aciertos. Conclusión: se observó déficit de conocimientos importantes sobre el cuidado de pacientes con UNM, lo que debió orientar estrategias para capacitación de los equipos actuantes en Oncología.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar uma série de casos sobre o uso dos óculos audiovisuais em crianças durante o atendimento odontológico, bem como sua interferência na frequência cardíaca e percepção sobre o atendimento. Métodos: As crianças foram analisadas em três atendimentos clínicos para registro das frequências cardíacas: 1) realização da anamnese; 2) execução de um tratamento restaurador atraumático modificado (a criança usando os óculos audiovisuais) e 3) execução de um tratamento restaurador atraumático modificado sem a ferramenta de distração. O intervalo entre os atendimentos foi de até uma semana. A frequência cardíaca foi monitorada, por meio de um oxímetro de pulso e ao final da etapa dos três atendimentos, um questionário pós-tratamento foi aplicado. A amostra foi constituída por 5 crianças entre 4 e 7 anos de idade, atendidas na clínica de Odontopediatria da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Resultados: As frequências cardíacas individuais e as médias intermediárias do segundo atendimento, com os óculos audiovisuais, foram menores em relação ao primeiro e o terceiro; o questionário pós-tratamento revelou uma preferência no uso dos óculos audiovisuais por serem mais confortáveis, agradáveis, e por sentirem menor percepção dolorosa e ansiedade. Conclusão: A redução da frequência cardíaca com os óculos audiovisuais sugere a redução da ansiedade durante o atendimento odontológico.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to report a case series on the use of audiovisual distraction eyeglasses in children during dental care. Methods: The influence of the distraction tool on the children’s heart rate frequency and dental care experience was further investigated. The study children had their heart rate recorded during three clinical appointments and underwent the following procedures: 1) anamnesis; 2) modified atraumatic restorative treatment with the child wearing audiovisual eyeglasses; and 3) modified atraumatic restorative treatment without the use of audiovisual eyeglasses. The interval between appointments was up to one week. The heart rate was measured using a pulse oximeter, and a post-treatment questionnaire was applied after the three appointments. The sample consisted of five children aged 4 to 7 years attending the Pediatric Dental Clinics of the State University of Paraíba. Results: While wearing the audiovisual eyeglasses, the children’s individual heart rates were lower in the second dental visit as compared to the first and third ones. The post-treatment questionnaire revealed a preference for the use of audiovisual distraction eyeglasses as the children felt more comfortable, pleased, and had a reduced pain perception and anxiety. Conclusion: The heart rate decrease observed herein suggests that audiovisual eyeglasses may contribute to reducing anxiety during dental care.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) administered to adolescents. METHODS The study included 750 adolescents: 375 aged 12 years and 375 aged 15–19 years, attending public and private schools in Campina Grande, state of Paraíba, Brazil, in 2017. Reliability was measured based on internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Convergent validity was measured based on correlations between BREALD-30 and Functional Literacy Indicator scores. Divergent validity was measured by comparing BREALD-30 scores with sociodemographic variables. For predictive validity, the association between BREALD-30 scores and the presence of cavitated carious lesions was tested using a multiple logistic regression model. All statistical tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS BREALD-30 showed good internal consistency for the 12 year olds and 15 to19 year olds (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.871 and 0.834, respectively) and good test-retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.898 and 0.974; kappa = 0.804 and 0.808, respectively]. Moreover, item-total correlation was satisfactory for all items. BREALD-30 had convergent validity with the Functional Literacy Indicator for 12 year olds (rs = 0.558, p < 0.001) and for 15 to 19 year olds (rs = 0.652, p < 0.001). Participants with higher oral health literacy levels who attended private schools (p < 0.001), belonged to economic classes A and B2 (p < 0.001), and who had parents with higher education levels (p < 0.001) were included, indicating the divergent validity of the BREALD-30. Participants with lower BREALD-30 scores were more likely to have cavitated carious lesions [12 year olds: odds ratio (OR) = 2.37; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.48–3.80; 15 to 19 year olds: OR = 1.96; 95%CI 1.24–3.11]. CONCLUSIONS BREALD-30 shows satisfactory psychometric properties for use on Brazilian adolescents and can be applied as a fast, simple, and reliable measure of oral health literacy.