ABSTRACT Introduction: Prevention of acute kidney injury during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is still a challenge and has been the object of numerous studies. The incidence of acute kidney injury in the context of CPB is related to a multifactorial etiology. The role of hemadsorption in relation to cell-free hemoglobin and haptoglobin preservation is not well defined in the literature on CPB during cardiac surgery procedures. Methods: This is a single-center pilot randomized report including 20 patients undergoing elective CPB procedures with an expected time > 120 minutes for each extracorporeal procedure. Patients were randomly allocated to either standard of care (n=10) or Jafron HA380 (n=10) during CPB. The primary outcome measured was the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injuries. Results: The Jafron study group vs. control group reported postoperative values for cell-free hemoglobin at 10 minutes after CPB (mg/L) (11.6 ± 0.6 vs. 29.9 ± 0.3) (P-value 0.021), haptoglobin 10 minutes after CPB (mg/dl) (129.16 ± 1.22 vs. 59.17 ± 1.49) (P-value 0.017), creatinine peak after CPB (mg/dL) (0.92 ± 0.17 vs. 1.32 ± 0.9) (P-value 0.030), and acute kidney injury after 48 hours (number of patients) (one vs. four) (P-value 0.027). Conclusion: This pilot study suggested that the use of Hemoperfusion Cartridge HA380 Jafron for extended CPB time for complex cardiac surgery procedures was safe and effective and is associated with a better postoperative preservation of haptoglobin with a reduction of cell-free hemoglobin values and less incidence of acute kidney injury, though larger studies are warranted to confirm our result. Introduction (CPB etiology cellfree cell free Methods singlecenter single center 2 12 procedure n=10 n10 n (n=10 HA HA38 injuries Results vs 1 mg/L mgL mg L (mg/L 11.6 116 11 6 (11. 06 0 0. 299 29 9 29. 0.3 03 3 Pvalue P value 0.021, 0021 0.021 , 021 0.021) mg/dl mgdl dl (mg/dl 129.16 12916 129 16 (129.1 122 22 1.2 5917 59 17 59.1 1.49 149 49 0.017, 0017 0.017 017 0.017) mg/dL mgdL dL (mg/dL 0.92 092 92 (0.9 0.1 132 32 1.3 0.9 09 0.030, 0030 0.030 030 0.030) 4 number one four 0.027. 0027 0.027 . 027 0.027) Conclusion result n=1 n1 (n=1 HA3 11. (11 002 0.02 02 129.1 1291 (129. 1. 591 5 59. 1.4 14 001 0.01 01 (0. 13 003 0.03 n= (n= (1 00 0.0 129. (129 (0 (n ( (12

Resumo Introdução: Distúrbios cardiorrespiratórios e musculoesqueléticos são comuns no período pós-operatório de pacientes de transplante renal, e são frequentemente acompanhados por baixa tolerância a exercícios. Objetivo: O presente estudo pretendeu avaliar o impacto de um programa precoce de fisioterapia durante a internação sobre a capacidade funcional e força muscular periférica e respiratória após transplante renal. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo clínico randomizado aberto com pacientes submetidos a transplantes renais com doadores vivos. Sessenta e três pacientes foram incluídos (grupo de intervenção GI: n = 30; grupo de controle - GC: n = 33). O GI recebeu o programa precoce de fisioterapia a partir do primeiro dia de pós-operatório até a alta hospitalar e o GC recebeu tratamento padrão. As variáveis de interesse foram medidas no pré-operatório e na alta, exceto por força muscular respiratória e capacidade vital (CV), que foram medidas no primeiro dia de pós-operatório. A capacidade funcional foi avaliada através do teste da caminhada dos seis minutos (TC6); força muscular periférica e respiratória com o uso de um dinamômetro e um manovacuômetro, respectivamente; e a CV por meio de um espirômetro. Resultados: Após a cirurgia houve reduções na capacidade funcional de caminhar e na força muscular respiratória sem diferenças entre os grupos (p > 0,05); contudo, a força muscular respiratória foi significativamente mais elevada no GI (p < 0,001) no momento da alta hospitalar em comparação ao GC. Conclusões: O programa precoce de fisioterapia oferecido durante a internação dos pacientes submetidos a transplantes renais com doadores vivos produziu uma menor redução da força muscular respiratória e não resultou em benefícios adicionais na capacidade funcional, apesar da relevância clínica desse achado ser incerta.

Abstract Introduction: Cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal dysfunctions are common in the postoperative period of kidney transplant patients and are often accompanied by low exercise tolerance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of an early physiotherapy program during hospital stay on functional capacity and peripheral and respiratory muscle strength after kidney transplant. Methods: An open, randomized clinical trial was conducted in patients undergoing living donor kidney transplant. Sixty-three patients were included (intervention group-IG: n = 30; control group-CG: n = 33). IG received an early physiotherapy program from first postoperative day until hospital discharge and CG received standard care. The variables of interest were measured preoperatively and at discharge except for respiratory muscle strength and vital capacity (VC), which were also measured on the first postoperative day. Functional capacity was evaluated through six-minute walk test (6MWT); peripheral and respiratory muscle strength using a dynamometer and manovacuometer, respectively; and VC through spirometer. Results: After surgery, there was a reduction in functional walking capacity and peripheral muscle strength without different between groups (p > 0.05); however, respiratory muscle strength was significantly higher in IG (p < 0.001) at hospital discharge, when comparing with CG. Conclusions: An early physiotherapy program during hospitalization for patients undergoing living donor kidney transplant caused a lower reduction in respiratory muscle strength and without additional benefits in the functional capacity, when compared to a control group, although the clinical relevance of this finding is uncertain.

Abstract The thermodynamic optimization of Ti-X-Si systems requires that their respective binary systems be constantly updated. The most recent assessments of the Ti-Si phase diagrams used three sublattices to describe the Ti5Si3 phase. The stable version of this phase diagram indicated the presence of Ti(β)+Ti5Si3→Ti3Si and Ti(β)→Ti(α)+Ti3Si reactions in the Ti-rich corner, while the metastable version featured the presence of a Ti(β)→Ti(α)+Ti5Si3 reaction. The present investigation assessed these phase diagrams using two sublattices to describe the Ti5Si3 phase in order to simplify the optimization of Ti-X-Si systems.

Abstract The thermodynamic optimization of Ti-Si-X systems requires that their respective binary systems are constantly updated. The Ti-Si system has been experimentally investigated since the 1950s and these critical experimental data can be employed to calculate the Ti-Si phase diagram using thermodynamic modeling. The most recent assessment of the Ti-Si system was performed in 1998, showing the presence of stoichiometric Ti3Si as stable phase. In the light of the dispute over the stability of Ti3Si phase in the eutectoid reaction of the Ti-Si and Ti-X-Si systems, the present work assessed the Ti-rich corner of the "stable" (featuring Ti3Si phase) and "metastable" (featuring Ti5Si3 phase) Ti-Si phase diagrams. The phase boundaries, the values of the error of the least-square method of the optimization procedure and the relative standard deviation of the calculated variables of the assessed diagrams; and previous investigations were discussed in order to inspire further experimental work on the eutectoid reaction of the Ti-Si phase diagram.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do dreno pleural sobre a distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos, da intensidade da dor e da capacidade vital de pacientes submetidos à ressecção pulmonar. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados treze pacientes consecutivos, internados na Enfermaria da Cirurgia de Tórax do Hospital São Paulo, submetidos à drenagem pleural fechada (dreno tubular multiperfurado de 0,5 polegada), no período pós-operatório de ressecção pulmonar (lobectomia, segmentectomia e nodulectomia). A opção pela retirada do dreno seguiu critérios clínicos definidos por médicos da equipe cirúrgica alheios ao estudo. A determinação da capacidade vital, da intensidade da dor através da escala visual analógica de dor e da distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos foram realizadas 30 min antes da retirada do dreno e 30 min após. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada através do teste t pareado, com nível de significância estabelecido em 0,05. RESULTADOS: Após a retirada do dreno, os valores obtidos na avaliação da escala visual analógica de dor foram significativamente menores (3,46 cm vs. 1,77 cm; p = 0,001), e a distância percorrida no teste de caminhada de seis minutos foi significativamente maior (374,34 m vs. 444,62 m; p = 0,03). A capacidade vital antes e após a retirada do dreno não foi alterada de forma significativa (2,15 L vs. 2,25 L, respectivamente; p = 0,540). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que a presença do dreno pleural é um importante fator associado à dor pós-operatória e à limitação funcional em pacientes submetidos à ressecção pulmonar.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of pleural drainage on the distance covered on the six-minute walk test, pain intensity and vital capacity in patients submitted to pulmonary resection. METHODS: Thirteen consecutive patients from the Thoracic Surgery Infirmary of Hospital São Paulo, Brazil, submitted to closed pleural drainage (0.5-in multiperforated chest tube) in the postoperative period following pulmonary resection (lobectomy, segmentectomy and pulmonary nodule resection) were evaluated. The decision for chest tube removal followed clinical criteria defined by the surgical team, who did not participate in the study. Vital capacity, pain intensity (using a visual analog pain scale) and the distance covered on the six-minute walk test were determined 30 min prior to and 30 min after the removal of the chest tube. The statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests, and the level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: After the removal of the chest tube, the visual analog scale pain scores were significantly lower (3.46 cm vs. 1.77 cm; p = 0.001) and the distance covered on the six-minute walk test was significantly higher (374.34 m vs. 444.62 m; p = 0.03). Vital capacity prior to and after chest tube removal was not significantly affected (2.15 L and 2.25 L, respectively; p = 0.540). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that the presence of a chest tube is a factor significantly associated with postoperative pain and functional limitation in patients submitted to pulmonary resection.

INTRODUÇÃO: A medida das pressões respiratórias máximas e a capacidade vital são importantes na avaliação da função pulmonar, no entanto, variações metodológicas podem interferir na interpretação dos resultados obtidos. OBJETIVO: Comparar os valores das pressões respiratórias máximas e da capacidade vital, obtidos através de bocal e de máscara facial. MÉTODO: Foram estudados 30 pacientes (16 homens), com idade de 55,9 ± 15,7 anos, em período pré-operatório de cirurgia abdominal. As variáveis pressão inspiratória máxima, pressão expiratória máxima e capacidade vital foram avaliadas através de um bocal rígido achatado e de uma máscara facial, em ordem randomizada. RESULTADOS: A avaliação com máscara facial não alterou de forma significativa os valores de capacidade vital e pressão inspiratória máxima, porém a pressão expiratória máxima foi significantemente menor do que quando avaliado com bocal rigido. A presença de escape aéreo ao redor da máscara durante a medida da pressão expiratória máxima foi observada em 60% das avaliações. Quando consideradas apenas as medidas de pressão expiratória máxima avaliadas sem a presença de escape de ar, os valores com o uso da máscara foram maiores do que os com o bocal. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação da pressão inspiratória máxima e capacidade vital pode ser realizada com uso de máscara facial, sem interferência nos resultados obtidos. A avaliação da pressão expiratória máxima através de máscara facial mostrou-se adequado quando foi possível evitar o escape de ar ao redor da máscara, porém a grande prevalência de vazamentos e a conseqüente redução dos valores obtidos na avaliação tornam seu uso limitado.

BACKGROUND: Measurement of maximal respiratory pressures and vital capacity are essential in evaluating respiratory function. However, methodological variations may interfere with the interpretation of results. OBJECTIVE: To compare values obtained using mouthpiece and face-mask evaluation methods in the measurement of maximal respiratory pressures and vital capacity. METHOD: We studied 30 patients (16 male), with a mean age of 55.9 ± 15.7, in the preoperative phase of abdominal surgery. Maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure, as well as vital capacity, were evaluated using either a rigid flanged mouthpiece or a face mask, in randomized order. RESULTS: Evaluation with a face mask did not significantly alter vital capacity and maximal inspiratory pressure values, although maximal expiratory pressure values were significantly lower than when measured using a rigid mouthpiece. During measurement of maximal expiratory pressure, air leakage from around the mask was observed in 60% of cases. When maximal expiratory pressure measurements in which there was no such leakage were considered in isolation, face-mask values were higher than those obtained with the moutpiece CONCLUSION: With a face mask, maximal inspiratory pressure and vital capacity can be accurately evaluated. Maximal expiratory pressure can also be adequately evaluated using a face mask, provided that air leakage from the mask edges can be avoided. However, such leakage and the consequent reduction in the values obtained are common and limit the use of this method of evaluation.

OBJETIVO: Traçar um perfil clínico e laboratorial da síndrome do antifosfolípide (SAF), comparando a primária (SAFP) com aquela secundária (SAFS) ao lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES). MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 27 pacientes com SAFP e 32 com SAFS ao LES, acompanhados no Ambulatório de Colagenoses do HC/FMRP/ USP, quanto à ocorrência de trombose arterial, venosa, perda gestacional, livedo reticular, fenômeno de Raynaud, anemia hemolítica auto-imune, plaquetopenia, linfopenia, anticorpos anticardiolipina, anticoagulante lúpico, antinucleares, anti-Sm e VDRL. Os anticorpos anticardiolipina e anti-Sm foram pesquisados por ELISA, os antinucleares por imunofluorescência indireta e o anticoagulante lúpico pelo tempo de protrombina diluída, tempo de coagulação do caulin ou tempo do veneno de víbora de Russell diluído. Para análise estatística utilizamos o teste exato de Fisher bicaudal. RESULTADOS: Observamos aumento da freqüência de trombose arterial na SAFP (59,3% vs 25,0%, p=0,009) e de trombose venosa na SAFS (53,1% vs 33,3%, p>0,05), enquanto não houve diferenças entre as freqüências de perda gestacional (50,0% vs 56,7%), fenômeno de Raynaud (18,5% vs 18,8%), livedo reticular (18,5% vs12,5%), anticoagulante lúpico (33,3% vs 37,5%) e anticardiolipina IgG (79,2% vs 72,4%) e IgM (58,4% vs 65,5%). Ademais, observamos aumento significante de linfopenia (71,2% vs 7,4%, p<0,0001), de anticorpos antinucleares (100% vs 7,4%, p<0,0001) e de VDRLpositivo (47,1% vs 5,0%, p=0,005) na SAFS ao LES quando comparada com a SAFP. CONCLUSÕES: As manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais são semelhantes na SAFP e na SAFS ao LES, sendo a trombose arterial mais comum na SAFP, enquanto a presença de linfopenia, anticorpos antinucleares e VDRL positivo está associada com a SAFS ao LES.

OBJECTIVE: To study clinical and laboratory features of primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS) and that of secondary (SAPS) to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: Twenty-seven PAPS and 32 SAPS patients were investigated in relation to the presence of arterial/venous thrombosis, fetal loss, reticular livedo, Raynaud phenomenon, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, antinuclear antibodies, anti-Sm and VDRL. Autoantibodies were investigated by ELISA (anticardiolipin and anti-Sm), indirect immunofluorescency (antinuclear antibodies) and by dilute prothrombin test, coagulation Kaolin test and dilute Russell viper venom test (lupus anticoagulant). RESULTS: Arterial thrombosis frequency was increased in PAPS (59.3% vs 25.0%, p=0.009) and venous thrombosis in SAPS (53.1% vs 33.3%; p>0.05), while there was no differences between frequencies of fetal loss (50.0% vs 56.7%), Raynaud phenomenon (18.5% vs 18.8%), reticular livedo (18.5% vs 12.5%), lupus anticoagulant (33.3% vs 37.5%), IgG anticardiolipin antibodies (79.2% vs 72,4%) and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies (58.4% vs 65.5%) in the two groups evaluated. Moreover, an increased frequency of lymphopenia (71.2% vs 7.4%; p<0.0001), antinuclear antibodies (100% vs 7.4%; p<0.0001) and positive VDRL (47.1% vs 5.0%, p=0.005) was observed in SAPS. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and laboratory features were similar on PAPS and SAPS, although arterial thrombosis was associated to PAPS, and lymphopenia, antinuclear antibodies and VDRL were associated to SAPS.