Resumo Objetivo Neste estudo, investigamos o impacto de uma intrusão marinha nas características da coluna d'água da lagoa de Jurubatiba, um ecossistema costeiro tropical, por 12 meses após um evento de abertura da barra de areia, a fim de elucidar a duração de seus efeitos na lagoa. Métodos Amostramos mensalmente as características físicas, químicas e biológicas ao longo do perfil vertical da coluna d'água após a abertura da barra de areia e entrada de água do mar. Avaliamos a associação temporal (mensalmente) e espacial (ao longo do perfil de profundidade) entre essas variáveis e a correlação temporal na heterogeneidade vertical dessas variáveis e condições ambientais que promovem a estratificação. Resultados A intrusão marinha resultou na formação de cunhas salinas em curto prazo, levando à estratificação na concentração de oxigênio dissolvido, pH, salinidade e clorofila-a ao longo da coluna de água por, pelo menos, quatro meses. No entanto, a temperatura atmosférica e a incidência solar também emergiram como fatores cruciais associados à heterogeneidade vertical nas variáveis limnológicas, influenciando a densidade da água e o pH ao longo do período de estudo. A precipitação e a velocidade do vento tiveram apenas efeitos marginais nas variações térmicas e ectogênicas, provavelmente mediadas pela cor da água, entrada de nutrientes, profundidade da coluna d'água e orientação da lagoa na paisagem. Conclusões Apesar de rasas e expostas a ação dos ventos, as lagoas costeiras podem apresentar uma considerável heterogeneidade vertical nas condições limnológicas devido a vários fatores climáticos e hidrodinâmicos. Notavelmente, os efeitos de intrusões marinhas na salinidade e na estratificação da coluna d'água podem persistir por vários meses, afetando a qualidade da água e, provavelmente, as comunidades bióticas e o funcionamento do ecossistema. Uma vez que as atividades humanas e as mudanças climáticas podem intensificar as intrusões marinhas em lagoas costeiras, compreender seus efeitos na dinâmica limnológica é fundamental para nossa capacidade de prevê-los e conservar ecossistemas tão vulneráveis. estudo dágua d Jurubatiba tropical 1 físicas mar (mensalmente prazo dissolvido clorofilaa clorofila menos entanto ectogênicas nutrientes paisagem ventos hidrodinâmicos Notavelmente prevêlos prevê los vulneráveis

Abstract Aim In this study, we investigated the impact of an episodic marine intrusion on the water column characteristics of Jurubatiba lagoon, a tropical coastal ecosystem, for 12 months following a sandbar breaching event to elucidate the duration of its effects. Methods Monthly, we sampled the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics along the water column for one year after a sandbar breaching event and seawater inflow. We assessed the temporal (monthly) and spatial (along depth profiles) associations among these variables and the temporal correlation among vertical heterogeneities in these variables and environmental drivers of stratification. Results Marine intrusion resulted in salt wedges formation in the short-term, leading to stratification in dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, and chlorophyll-a concentration along the water column for at least four months. However, temperature and solar incidence also emerged as crucial factors associated with vertical heterogeneity in limnological variables, influencing water density and pH throughout the study period. Precipitation and wind speed had only marginal effects on thermal and ectogenic stratifications, probably mediated by water colour, nutrient inputs, water column depth and lagoon’s orientation in the landscape. Conclusions Our data unveiled that, despite their shallowness and wind exposure, coastal lagoons can exhibit considerable vertical heterogeneities in limnological variables due to various climatic and hydrodynamic aspects. Notably, the effects of marine intrusions on salinity and ectogenic column stratification can persist for several months, affecting water quality and, probably, biotic communities and ecosystem functioning. Once human activities and climate change may intensify marine intrusions on coastal lagoons, understanding spatiotemporal dynamics and their drivers is fundamental to anticipating their effects and conserving such vulnerable ecosystems. lagoon 1 Monthly physical chemical inflow monthly (monthly profiles shortterm, shortterm short term, term short-term oxygen chlorophylla chlorophyll However period stratifications colour inputs s landscape that exposure aspects Notably functioning ecosystems

Resumo Introdução a Organização das Nações Unidas reconhece os acidentes de trânsito urbano como um sério problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo, em virtude de serem acompanhados por elevado índice de morbimortalidade. O trânsito causa a morte de aproximadamente 1,3 milhão de pessoas e a incapacitação de milhões de outras. Objetivo avaliar a da mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito entre motociclistas, pedestres e custos hospitalares ocorridos na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, no período de 1999 a 2019. Método trata-se de estudo de séries temporais retrospectiva com micro dados oficiais, foram coletados por local de ocorrência entre condutores de motocicletas, pedestres e custos hospitalares no período de 1999 a 2019, na cidade de São Paulo, SP, Brasil. Resultados na cidade de São Paulo, no período de 1999 a 2019, ocorreram 144.186 mil óbitos decorrentes de acidente de transporte terrestre, projetando 5.293 mil óbitos especificamente com motociclistas. A mortalidade proporcional por foi mais elevada na faixa etária de 29 anos média, predominando no sexo masculino, destacando-se a raça/cor da pele branca. Os custos por óbitos o destaque aparece para os motociclistas com média de R$: 49.078.18, com relação aos óbitos por sexo, o masculino predominou substancialmente em relação ao feminino. Conclusão apresentou-se um alto índice de óbitos, tanto em motociclistas como em pedestres, tendo este último uma média mais elevada. Assim, estes achados fornecem informações relevantes da magnitude do problema de saúde pública para guiar-nos sobre estratégias de controle para esta causas.

Abstract Introduction the United Nations recognizes traffic accidents as a serious public health problem all over the world, because they are accompanied by a high morbidity and mortality rate. Traffic causes the death of approximately 1.3 million people and the disability of millions more. Objective to evaluate mortality from traffic accidents among motorcyclists, pedestrians and hospital costs that occurred in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, from 1999 to 2019. Methods this is a retrospective time series study with official micro data, collected by place of occurrence among motorcycle drivers, pedestrians and hospital costs from 1999 to 2019, in the city of São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Results in the city of São Paulo, from 1999 to 2019, there were 144,186 thousand deaths resulting from land transport accidents, projecting 5,293 thousand deaths specifically with motorcyclists. Proportional mortality from was higher in the mean age group of 29 years, predominantly in males, with emphasis on white race/skin color. The costs per death stand out for motorcyclists with an average of R$: 49,078.18, with regard to deaths by sex, male predominated in relation to female. Conclusion there was a high death rate, both in motorcyclists and pedestrians, with the latter having a higher average. Thus, these findings provide relevant information on the magnitude of the public health problem to guide us on control strategies for these causes.

Abstract Food processing allows a wide variation in the final quality of the product, which directly depends on the quality of the raw material used, the processing conditions, storage and commercialization. Salting, for example, is one of the oldest methods used to preserve meat. In the meat industry, the incorporation of salts into products is commonly used to improve dietary functionality and ensure food safety. Thus, the objective of this review was to understand that the discarded matrix meat can be used to make jerky meat, adding value to the final product. The processing of jerked beef is based on the osmotic dehydration process in counter flow, promoted by the penetration of salt with consequent exit of water from the inter and extra fibrillar compartments to the surface, with subsequent drying. At the same time, myosin denaturation occurs as a result of high temperatures, as well as myoglobin oxidation, promoted by salt, increasing the susceptibility to protein oxidation. The use of discarded animal meat to make jerky adds value to the by-product, improving sensory quality.

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of increasing the nutritional plane in finishing diets on meat quality traits of culled adult goats. Forty-one crossbred does were divided into four groups: baseline diet formulated to meet 100% of the nutritional requirements (BD); BD + 30% (BD30); + 60% (BD60); + 90% (BD90) of the nutritional level of BD. The goats received the experimental diets for 28 days. The protein profile of the longissimus lumborum muscle was evaluated using 1D SDS–PAGE and mass spectrometry. Cholesterol and albumin concentrations were highest in the BD group. There were no alterations in loin proximate composition or tissue composition. However, there was a significant reduction in the PUFA content in groups BD60 and BD90 compared with the group fed the baseline diet. Of 37 protein bands identified, 35 showed lower intensities in group BD90 than in BD and 22 bands showed lesser expression in groups BD60 and BD90 than in BD. The multivariate model identified 14 band proteins involved in group-diet segregation. Therefore, increasing the nutrient supply for finishing goats did not have marked positive effects on carcass. A lower expression of these proteins can have a profound impact on the qualitative aspects of the meat product.

Abstract Melamine is a key compound used as a clarifying agent for waste lubricating oil primarily due to its excellent adsorbent properties. Moreover, considerable interest exists for the further modification of melamine in order to provide a remediation agent with improved clarification capacity. In this study, hexamethylolmelamine was prepared using a solution of formaldehyde, which provided an agent capable of incorporation into a silicate polymer framework. Subsequently, the resultant monomer was added to a solution of silicate to produce the melamine-silica polymer. The melamine and melamine-silica polymer were characterized using the techniques of XRD, FTIR, SSA and thermal analysis to confirm structural and morphological characteristics. These characterizations indicated that the increase in the surface area of the 0.315 m2/g to melamine to 26.71 m2/g of melamine-silica suggests the effective introduction of silanols groups to hexamethylolmelamine and, therefore, corresponds to thehigh performance in relation to melamine as clarifying of waste lubricant oil.

Abstract Vegetable fibers are widely used as reinforcement in the production of composites. In this work, the photodegradative potential of polymer composites containing babassu fiber was characterized and evaluated. The fibers were extracted manually and immersed in a 10% NaOH solution (Mercerization). After drying, they were crushed and incorporated into the low-density polyethylene matrix in proportions of 5%, 10%, and 20% of the total mass of the composite. The composites were subjected to Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis (showed the incorporation of fibers into the polymeric matrix), Infrared Spectroscopy (the presence of fiber was observed with peaks at 3200-3600 cm-1, and 1596 cm-1-1036 cm-1), Mechanical Tests (with 20% fiber, there is a 44% decrease in tension, 48% in strain and 12% in Young's modulus) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (inicial fiber degradation starts between 220-337 °C, and matrix degradation between 333-550 °C). The composites were subjected to degradation processes by solar radiation and under artificial UV-B. Samples of oxy-biodegradable plastic bags were also degraded under the same degradation conditions of the composites. These results show that the materials used in the research, besides presenting an excellent degree of compatibilization, also reveal an improvement in the photodegradation potential of composites.

Resumo É crescente o interesse em identificar características morfológicas, motoras e maturacionais, bem como suas modificações em crianças e adolescentes inseridos em treinamentos sistematizados nas mais variadas modalidades esportivas. O conhecimento dessas características é importante para que treinadores e pesquisadores tenham parâmetros de avaliação do desenvolvimento do jovem durante o treinamento. Para o atletismo, são limitados estudos para a categoria sub 16. Desta forma, os objetivos são, descrever o perfil e elaborar uma tabela de percentil das variáveis morfológicas, motoras, maturacionais e de provas específicas de atletas sub 16. Foram avaliadas 105 jovens atletas em dois dias consecutivos. No primeiro dia, foi realizada a anamnese nos atletas e treinadores, medidas antropométricas, anaeróbicas e as provas do arremesso de peso, salto em distância, corrida de 800m. No segundo dia, foi avaliada a flexibilidade, impulsão vertical, força de membro superior, velocidade e velocidade aeróbia máxima. A maturação biológica foi avaliada pelo percentual da estatura predita. Foram elaboradas uma de percentis com resultado de todas as atletas, outra com média e desvio padrão com os resultados do grupo todo e uma última dividida por grupo de provas. Nas variáveis morfológicas foram encontradas diferenças entres os grupos para a massa corporal, IMC e somatório de dobras, nas motoras apenas na VMA e nas provas específicas não foi observada diferença significativa apenas salto em distância. Quando dividido pelos grupos, se evidenciou que as lançadoras são diferentes das demais atletas em algumas variáveis moforlógicas e nas provas específicas.

Abstract There is growing interest in identifying morphological, motor, maturation characteristics, as well as their changes, of children and adolescents in systematized training in various sports. Knowledge of these characteristics is important for coaches and researchers because they provide parameters for assessing youth development during training. For track and field, studies on the category under 16 are scarce. Thus, the objectives of this study are to describe the profile and to design a percentile table of morphological, motor, maturation and event-specific variables of under 16 athletes. 105 young athletes were evaluated on two consecutive days. On the first day, an anamnesis of athletes and coaches was performed. Anthropometric and anaerobic measurements were analyzed in shot put, long jump, 800 m run. On the second day, flexibility, vertical impulse, upper limb strength, speed and maximal aerobic speed were evaluated. The biological maturation was evaluated by the percentage of the predicted height. A table with percentiles was prepared with the data of all athletes. Another table with the results of the whole group plus mean and standard deviation was prepared. A last table was prepared containing data divided by group of sports events. The morphological variables presented differences between the groups as to body mass, BMI and sum of skinfolds. Significant differences were observed only for the motor variable VMA. No significant differences were observed only for long jump. When divided by groups, it was evident that throwers are different from the other athletes in some morphologic variables and in specific sports events.

RESUMO Em frutos climatéricos, como é o caso da manga, as perdas vão da colheita ao consumo. Tendo como controle a refrigeração e a modificação da atmosfera passivamente, com emprego de revestimentos comestíveis e biodegradáveis ou o acondicionamento em filmes plásticos. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da cera de carnaúba e embalagem de filme plástico Xtend, utilizando ou não refrigeração na conservação pós-colheita de manga ‘Tommy Atkins’. Os frutos foram revestidos com solução de cera de carnaúba e/ou acondicionados nas embalagens Xtend e armazenados nas temperaturas de 25 ± 3 ºC e 12 ± 1 ºC, por 21 dias. A cada sete dias foram realizadas avaliações quanto à perda de massa, firmeza do fruto, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável e vitamina C dos frutos e concentração de CO2 nas embalagens. Verificou-se que o armazenamento refrigerado retardou a velocidade das reações de degradação, auxiliando na conservação de mangas ‘Tommy Atkins’. O revestimento dos frutos com cera de carnaúba e embalagem Xtend, sob refrigeração, possibilitou o seu armazenamento por 21 dias a 12 ± 1 ºC, reduzindo a concentração de CO2, a perda de massa e a diminuição da acidez dos frutos e preservando a firmeza.

ABSTRACT For climacteric fruits, such as mango, losses have been reported from harvest to fruit consumption. Thus, controlled refrigeration and passive modified atmosphere have been used in combination with edible and biodegradable coatings or plastic packaging to minimise these losses. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of carnauba wax and Xtend plastic packaging film, with and without refrigerated storage, on the post-harvest preservation of 'Tommy Atkins' mangoes. The fruits were coated with carnauba wax and/or wrapped in Xtend bags and then stored at 12 ± 1 and 25 ± 3 °C for 21 days. The weight loss, fruit firmness, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C content, and the CO2 concentration inside the package were determined at 7-day intervals. Cold storage was observed to slow down the rate of degradation and to reduce adverse degradation reactions. By coating the fruits with carnauba wax, packaging them with Xtend plastic and keeping them under refrigeration, it was possible to store the mangoes at 12 ± 1 °C for 21 days. In this way, the CO2 concentration was reduced, mass loss and acidity were decreased, and the fruit firmness was preserved.

El Sitophilus zeamais es considerado la plaga más importante del maíz (Zea mays L.), almacenado en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. Con el objetivo minimizar los efectos indeseables de los insecticidas químicos sintéticos, el control de esa plaga con extractos vegetales viene convirtiéndose en una opción promisoria de bajo costo y segura para los aplicadores y consumidores. Fueron evaluadas en laboratorio la repelencia, atractividad y mortalidad del Sitophilus zeamais en granos de maíz tratados con polvos y extractos hidro alcohólico de Piper nigrum L. y Annona squamosa L. Para el estudio del polvo de los extractos de las plantas referidas anteriormente sobre la atractividad y la repelencia de los insectos adultos, fue utilizada una arena con cinco cajas dispuestas diagonalmente, siendo la central conectada a las demás. En dos de los recipientes fueron colocadas muestras de maíz tratadas con el extracto en polvo y, en los dos otros recipientes el maíz no tratado y, en el recipiente central de la arena, 30 insectos no sexuados. Los extractos hidroalcohólico fueron obtenidos a partir del polvo de las semillas de esas especies, en percolador, con solvente alcohol etílico (70% v/v), los cuales fueron llevados a los insectos en la forma de vapor. El delineamiento experimental usado fue el completamente aleatorio con los tratamientos dispuesto en esquema factorial, en que los factores cuantitativos fueron revelados por la regresión en el análisis de la varianza. El porcentaje de repelencia fue del 86,75% con el polvo del extracto de Annona squamosa y del 79,25% con el Piper nigrum. Mortalidad del 100% fue lograda con el extracto de Annona squamosa y dosis de 5 mL y, 98% con el extracto de Piper nigrum en la dosis de 14 mL, indicando la influencia de la dosis y del extracto sobre la mortalidad del Sitophilus zeamais adulto.

The Sitophiluszeamais is considered the most important pest of maize (Zea mays L), stored in tropical and subtropical regions. To minimize the undesirable effects of synthetic chemical insecticides, the control of this pest with vegetal extracts has been turning into a promising safe and inexpensive alternative for applicators and consumers. Repellency, attractiveness and mortality of Sitophiluszeamais in maize grains treated with powders and hydroalcoholic extracts of Piper nigrum L. and Annonasquamosa L were laboratory tests. To study the dust of the plant extracts mentioned earlier about the attractiveness and repellency of adult insects, we used an arena with five boxes arranged diagonally, with the central interconnected to the others. Corn samples treated with the extract powder were placed in two containers, in the other two untreated corn containers were placed, and 30 unsexed insects were placed in the central arena container. The hydro alcoholic extracts were obtained from the seed powder of these species, in percolator, with ethyl alcohol (70% v/v), and these extracts were taken to the insects in vapor form. The experimental design was completely randomized with treatments arranged in a factorial design, in which the quantitative factors were analyzed by regression analysis of variance. The repellency percentage was 86.75% with the extract powder of Annonasquamosa and 79.25% with the Pipernigrum. 100% mortality was obtained with the extract of Annonasquamosa (5 mL dose) and 98% with Pipernigrum extract at a dose of 14 mL, indicating the influence of the dose and the extract on the mortality of adult Sitophiluszeamais.

Durante as operações de manuseio, podem ocorrer vários problemas que reduzem a qualidade das hortaliças. As injúrias mecânicas são a causa principal de perdas pós-colheita, para as abóboras, e podem ocorrer em qualquer ponto da cadeia de produção. Objetivou-se, com o presente trabalho, estudar o comportamento de frutos de abóbora, durante os estádios de maturação, nos valores da força máxima de compressão para deformações fixas, e determinar o módulo proporcional de deformidade desta hortaliça submetida a compressão, em posição de repouso. Os frutos foram colhidos aos 15, 30, 40, 50 e 60 dias após a fecundação e comprimidos uniaxicialmente, entre duas placas paralelas. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que tanto a força de compressão necessária, como o módulo proporcional de deformidade, aumentaram com a maturação, atingindo força máxima de 1.778 N e módulo de deformidade máxima de 164 MPa, após 30 dias. Após este período, tanto os valores da força máxima, quanto os valores do módulo, decresceram, chegando a 1.514,8 N de força máxima e módulo de 132,09 MPa, após 60 dias de maturação. Com o aumento do tempo de maturação, ocorreu aumento na rigidez dos frutos, com consequente aumento na carga máxima para atingir maiores deformações. O tempo ideal para colheita e transporte dos frutos da abóbora 'Jacarezinho' foi de 30 a 40 dias após a antese.

During handling operations, many problems that reduce the quality of vegetables may occur. Mechanical injuries are the leading cause of postharvest losses for the pumpkin, and can take place at any point of the production chain. This study aimed at evaluating the pumpkin fruits behavior, during their ripening stages, on the values of maximum compression force for fixed deformations, and determining the proportional deformability modulus of the fruits under compression at the repose position. Fruits were harvested at 15, 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after flowering and uniaxially compressed between two parallel plates. The results allowed to conclude that both the required compression force and the proportional deformability modulus increased during the maturation course, reaching a maximum force of 1,778 N and a maximum deformation modulus of 164 MPa, after 30 days. After this period, both the maximum force and the modulus values decreased, reaching 1,514.8 N of maximum force and a modulus of 132.09 MPa, after 60 days of ripening. Over the course of a longer maturation time, the fruit firmness increased, therefore requiring an increase in the maximum load to achieve greater deformation. The ideal period for harvest and transport of 'Jacarezinho' pumpkin fruits was set from 30 to 40 days after anthesis.

A fenologia foliar tem sido utilizada como uma característica importante na seleção dos clones de Hevea spp., enquanto o teor de nutrientes na serapilheira é um bom indicador da ciclagem de nutrientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da periodicidade de emissão de fluxos foliares na floração de copa de Hevea pauciflora, estado nutricional e qualidade da serapilheira. Foram avaliadas 15 plantas de 10 anos de idade dos clones de copa CNS G 112, CNS G 124 e CBA 2. Nas condições edafoclimáticas da Amazônia tropical úmida, a emissão de folhas e de floração de H. pauciflora ocorre com maior intensidade no segundo semestre (início do período chuvoso). A H. pauciflora apresenta maior acúmulo de serapilheira que a floresta primária e os teores foliares de 22,18 g kg-1 de N, 1,47 g kg-1 de P, 5,77 g kg-1 de K, 3,79 g kg-1 de Ca, 2,09 g kg-1 de Mg, 16,15 mg kg-1 de B, 6,14 mg kg-1 de Cu, 53,87 mg kg-1 de Fe, 66,20 mg kg-1 de Mn e 48,44 mg kg-1 de Zn podem ser utilizados como referência para essa espécie de seringueira.

The leaf phenology has been used as an important characteristic in the selection of Hevea spp. clones, while the nutrient content in litter is a good indicator of nutrient cycling. The objective of this study was to verify the effect of frequency of emission of fluxes of leaves and flowers in crown of Hevea pauciflora, nutritional status and quality of litter. Fifteen plants of ten-year-old of each clones (CNS G 112, CNS G 124 and CBA 2) were evaluated. In tropical Amazonia edaphoclimatic conditions, the leaf emergence and flowering of H. pauciflora occurs with higher intensity in the second semester (beginning of rainy season). The H. pauciflora has higher quantity of litter than the primary forest, and the foliar concentrations of 22.18 g kg-1 of N, 1.47 g kg-1 of P, 5.77 g kg-1 of K, 3.79 g kg-1 de Ca, 2.09 g kg-1 of Mg, 16.15 mg kg-1 of B, 6.14 mg kg-1 of Cu, 53.87 mg kg-1 of Fe, 66.20 mg kg-1 of Mn e 48.44 mg kg-1 of Zn can be utilized as reference for this specie of rubber tree.

We performed spoligotyping and 12-mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeats (MIRU-VNTRs) typing to characterise Mycobacterium bovis isolates collected from tissue samples of bovines with lesions suggestive for tuberculosis during slaughter inspection procedures in abattoirs in Brazil. High-quality genotypes were obtained with both procedures for 61 isolates that were obtained from 185 bovine tissue samples and all of these isolates were identified as M. bovis by conventional identification procedures. On the basis of the spoligotyping, 53 isolates were grouped into nine clusters and the remaining eight isolates were unique types, resulting in 17 spoligotypes. The majority of the Brazilian M. bovis isolates displayed spoligotype patterns that have been previously observed in strains isolated from cattle in other countries. MIRU-VNTR typing produced 16 distinct genotypes, with 53 isolates forming eight of the groups, and individual isolates with unique VNTR profiles forming the remaining eight groups. The allelic diversity of each VNTR locus was calculated and only two of the 12-MIRU-VNTR loci presented scores with either a moderate (0.4, MIRU16) or high (0.6, MIRU26) discriminatory index (h). Both typing methods produced similar discriminatory indexes (spoligotyping h = 0.85; MIRU-VNTR h = 0.86) and the combination of the two methods increased the h value to 0.94, resulting in 29 distinct patterns. These results confirm that spoligotyping and VNTR analysis are valuable tools for studying the molecular epidemiology of M. bovis infections in Brazil.

Diferentes classes de proteínas são comuns em sementes de leguminosas, incluindo inibidores de tripsina e proteínas hemaglutinantes, as quais atuam sobre enzimas proteolíticas e sobre carboidratos da superfície celular, respectivamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar, detectar e caracterizar parcialmente a ocorrência dessas proteínas em sementes de Tachigali plumbea, Sesbania exasperata e Ormosia costulata var. trifoliolata. Sementes das três espécies foram moídas e submetidas à extração salina (NaCl 0,15M - 10 %, p/v). Os extratos totais obtidos foram utilizados para quantificar o conteúdo protéico, detectar a atividade residual da tripsina, a atividade hemaglutinante (AHE) e na obtenção do perfil protéico. A atividade residual da tripsina foi observada somente para T. plumbea e S. exasperata, cujos valores foram 4 e 19 %, respectivamente. A AHE foi detectada nos extratos das três espécies, sendo que os extratos totais de T. plumbea e S. exasperata, hemaglutinaram eritrócitos de rato, camundongo e hamster, enquanto que a espécie O. costulata hemaglutinou somente eritrócitos de hamster. O perfil protéico em SDS-PAGE revelou maior ocorrência de proteínas com massa molecular aparente de 10 a 30 kDa para T. plumbea e S. exasperata, enquanto que para O. costulata prevaleceram bandas protéicas com massa molecular variando entre 20-25 kDa. Conclui-se que os extratos totais de O. costulata e S. exasperata, pertencentes à subfamília Papilionoideae, apresentam menor conteúdo de inibidores de tripsina que T. plumbea (Caesalpinioideae) e, quanto à AHE, os resultados mostraram-se diferenciados, mesmo entre as espécies da mesma subfamília, tanto para a concentração mínima hemaglutinante quanto para a especificidade de interação com os eritrócitos.

Different classes of proteins are common in Leguminosae seeds, including trypsin inhibitors and hemagglutinin proteins, which act on proteolytic enzymes and cell-surface carbohydrates, respectively. The aim of this work was to quantify, to detect and characterize partially these proteins in seeds of Tachigali plumbea, Sesbania exasperata and Ormosia costulata var. trifoliata. Seeds of the three species were powdered and submitted to an extraction with a saline solution (NaCl 0.15M - 10%, p/v). The resulting total extracts were used to quantify proteins content, detect the residual trypsin activity, hemagglutinating activity (AHE) and the proteic profile. Residual trypsin activity was observed only for T. plumbea and S. exasperata, which values were 4 and 19% respectively. AHE was detected in extracts of all three species, total extracts of T. plumbea and S. exasperata hemagglutinated erythrocytes of rats, mice and hamsters, whereas O. costulata had this effect only on hamster erythrocytes. The proteic profile obtained by SDS-PAGE showed that T. plumbea and S. exasperata have a higher content of protein with an apparent molecular mass of 10 - 30 kDa, while O. costulata predominantly contains proteic bands with molecular masses varying between 20 to 25 kDa. It is concluded that total extracts of O. costulata and S. exasperata, species of the subfamily Papilionoideae, present less trypsin inhibitors than T. plumbea (Caesalpinioideae). AHE, both in form of minimum hemagglutinin concentration and the specified interaction with erythrocytes, differed even among species from the same subfamily.