The potential for bone repair is influenced by various biochemical, biomechanical, hormonal, and pathological mechanisms and factors such as diet and its components, all of which govern the behavior and function of the cells responsible for forming new bone. Several authors suggest that a high sucrose diet could change the calcium balance and bone composition in animals, altering hard tissue mineralization. The mechanism by which it occurs is unclear. Alveolar healing following tooth extraction has certain characteristics making this type of wound unique, in both animals and humans. The general aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the biological response during alveolar healing following tooth extraction in rats fed on high sucrose diets, by means of osteocyte lacunae histomorphometry, counting empty lacunae and measuring areas of bone quiescence, formation and resorption. Forty-two Wistar rats of both sexes were divided into two groups: an experimental group fed on modified Stephan Harris diet (43% sucrose) and a control group fed on standard balanced diet. The animals were anesthetized and their left and right lower molars extracted. They were killed at 0 hours, 14, 28, 60 and 120 days. Samples were fixed, decalcified in EDTA and embedded in paraffin to prepare sections for optical microscopy which were stained with hematoxylin/eosin. Histomorphometric analysis showed significant differences in the size of osteocyte lacunae between groups at 28 and 60 days, with the experimental group having larger lacunae. There were more empty lacunae in the experimental group at 14 days, and no significant difference in the areas of bone activity. A high sucrose diet could modify the morphology and quality of bone tissue formed in the alveolus following tooth extraction.
El potencial de reparacion osea esta influenciado por una variedad de mecanismos bioquimicos, biomecanicos, hormonales, patologicos y factores como la dieta y sus componentes; todos rigen comportamiento y funcion de las celulas encargadas de formar nuevo hueso. Varios autores sugieren que una dieta rica en sacarosa, podria cambiar el balance del calcio y la composicion osea en animales, alterando la mineralizacion de tejidos duros. El mecanismo por el cual esto se produce no es claro. La cicatrizacion alveolar post extraccion reune caracteristicas particulares que la convierten en una herida unica, en animales y en humanos. El objetivo general de este trabajo fue evaluar y cuantificar la respuesta biologica durante la cicatrizacion alveolar post extraccion en ratas con dieta rica en sacarosa; mediante la histomorfometria de lagunas osteociticas, recuento de lagunas vacias y medicion de zonas de reposo, neoformacion y resorcion osea. Se utilizaron 42 ratas Wistar, de ambos sexos, que fueron divididas en dos grupos: grupo experimental, alimentadas con dieta modificada de Stephan Harris (43% de sacarosa) y grupo control alimentadas con dieta balanceada estandar. Se anestesiaron los animales y se extrajeron primeros molares inferiores, derecho e izquierdo, luego fueron sacrificados a las 0hs., 14, 28, 60 y 120 dias. Las muestras obtenidas fueron fijadas, descalcificadas con EDTA e incluidas en parafina y se obtuvieron cortes para microscopia optica que fueron coloreados con hematoxilina/eosina. El analisis histomorfometrico mostro diferencias significativas de tamano entre lagunas osteociticas de ambos grupos a los 28 y 60 dias siendo de mayor tamano en los experimentales, se encontraron mayor cantidad de lagunas vacias en experimentales a los 14 dias y no hubo diferencias significativas en las superficies de actividad osea. Una dieta rica en sacarosa podria producir modificaciones en la morfologia y calidad del tejido oseo que se forma en el alveolo post extraccion dentaria.