Abstract Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that ~ 32 million children worldwide are affected by hearing loss (HL). Cochlear implant is the first-line treatment for severe to profound sensorineural HL. It is considered one of the most successful prostheses developed to date. Objective To evaluate the oral language development of pediatric patients with prelingual deafness implanted in a reference hospital for the treatment of HL in southern Brazil. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study with a review of medical records of patients undergoing cochlear implant surgery between January 2009 and December 2018. Language development was assessed by reviewing consultations with speech therapy professionals from the cochlear implant group. Results A total of 152 children were included in the study. The mean age at cochlear implant surgery was of 41 months (standard deviation [SD]: ± 15). The patients were divided into six groups considering the type of language most used in their daily lives. We found that 36% of children use oral language as their primary form of communication. In a subanalysis, we observed that patients with developed or developing oral language had undergone cochlear implant surgery earlier than patients using Brazilian Sign Language (Língua Brasileira de Sinais, LIBRAS, in Portuguese) or those without developed language. Conclusion The cochlear implant is a state-of-the-art technology that enables the re-establishment of the sense of hearing and the development of oral language. However, language development is a complex process known to present a critical period to properly occur. We still see many patients receiving late diagnosis and treatment, which implies a delay and, often, the impossibility of developing oral communication. Level of Evidence Level 3 (cohort study). WHO (WHO . (HL) firstline first line date Brazil 200 2018 group 15 4 standard SD [SD] 15. 15) lives 36 communication subanalysis Língua Sinais LIBRAS Portuguese stateoftheart state art reestablishment re establishment However occur often study) (HL 20 201 1 [SD 2

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is usually asymptomatic, and its diagnosis depends on laboratory tests, with emphasis on serum creatinine and proteinuria. Objective: To assess knowledge on the role of serum creatinine as a biomarker of kidney function in a sample of the Brazilian population. Method: Cross-sectional observational study conducted in São Paulo (SP, Brazil), in which a random adult population was interviewed. Results: A total of 1138 subjects were interviewed, with a median age of 36 years old (27–52); 55.1% were female. Regarding the “creatinine” biomarker, 40.6% stated they had never performed such a test. When asked about their knowledge on the usefulness of this exam, only 19.6% knew its function. The other responses were “I don’t know” (71.6%), evaluating heart function (0.9%) and liver function (7.8%). Of those who reported they had already taken a creatinine test, only 29.4% correctly identified the role of creatinine. When dividing the groups into “knows” and “does not know” the function of creatinine, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed regarding level of education, female sex, being a healthcare student/worker, having ever measured creatinine, knowing someone with kidney disease and older age. In the multivariate analysis, the main variable related to knowing the creatinine role was having previously taken the test (OR 5.16; 95% CI 3.16–8.43, p < 0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant lack of knowledge about creatinine and its use in checkups. The results indicate that greater efforts are needed from healthcare professionals to raise awareness on the role of serum creatinine. Introduction asymptomatic tests proteinuria Objective Method Crosssectional Cross sectional SP, SP (SP Brazil, Brazil , Brazil) interviewed Results 113 3 27–52 2752 27 52 (27–52) 551 55 1 55.1 “creatinine 406 40 6 40.6 exam 196 19 19.6 I dont don t know 71.6%, 716 71.6% 71 (71.6%) 0.9% 09 0 9 (0.9% 7.8%. 78 7.8% . 7 8 (7.8%) 294 29 4 29.4 knows “knows does 0.05 005 05 education sex studentworker student worker student/worker analysis OR 5.16 516 5 16 95 316843 43 3.16–8.43 0.001. 0001 0.001 001 0.001) Conclusion checkups 11 27–5 275 2 (27–52 55. 40. 19. 71.6 (71.6% 0.9 (0.9 7.8 (7.8% 29. 0.0 00 5.1 51 31684 3.16–8.4 000 0.00 27– (27–5 71. (71.6 0. (0. 7. (7.8 5. 3168 3.16–8. (27– (71. (0 (7. 316 3.16–8 (27 (71 ( (7 31 3.16– (2 3.16 3.1 3.

Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica costuma ser assintomática e seu diagnóstico depende da realização de exames laboratoriais, com destaque para a creatinina sérica e pesquisa de proteinúria. Objetivo: Avaliar em uma amostra da população brasileira o conhecimento sobre o papel da creatinina sérica como marcador de função renal. Método: Estudo observacional transversal realizado na cidade de São Paulo (SP, Brasil), em que foi entrevistada uma população adulta aleatória. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 1138 indivíduos, com idade mediana de 36 anos (27–52); 55,1% do sexo feminino. Com relação ao marcador “creatinina”, 40,6% afirmaram que nunca realizaram tal dosagem. Quando questionados quanto ao conhecimento sobre a utilidade desse exame, somente 19,6% sabiam a sua função. As outras respostas foram “não sei” (71,6%), avaliar o funcionamento do coração (0,9%) e fígado (7,8%). Dos que afirmaram já terem realizado o exame de creatinina, somente 29,4% acertaram a função da creatinina. Ao dividir os grupos em “sabe” e “não sabe” a função da creatinina, percebeu-se diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05) em relação ao grau de escolaridade, sexo feminino, ser aluno/trabalhador da saúde, ter dosado creatinina alguma vez, conhecer alguém com doença renal e maior idade. Na análise multivariada, a principal variável relacionada com conhecer a função da creatinina foi ter realizado o exame anteriormente (OR 5,16; IC 95% 3,16–8,43, p < 0,001). Conclusão: Há grande desconhecimento sobre a creatinina e seu uso em check-ups. Os resultados indicam que é necessário maior esforço por parte dos profissionais de saúde para divulgar o papel da creatinina sérica. Introdução laboratoriais proteinúria Objetivo Método SP, SP (SP Brasil, Brasil , Brasil) aleatória Resultados 113 indivíduos 3 27–52 2752 27 52 (27–52) 551 55 1 55,1 feminino “creatinina” 406 40 6 40,6 dosagem 196 19 19,6 não sei 71,6%, 716 71,6% 71 (71,6%) 0,9% 09 0 9 (0,9% 7,8%. 78 7,8% . 7 8 (7,8%) 294 29 4 29,4 sabe “sabe percebeuse percebeu se 0,05 005 05 escolaridade alunotrabalhador aluno trabalhador vez multivariada OR 5,16 516 5 16 95 316843 43 3,16–8,43 0,001. 0001 0,001 001 0,001) Conclusão checkups. checkups check ups. ups check-ups 11 27–5 275 2 (27–52 55, “creatinina 40, 19, 71,6 (71,6% 0,9 (0,9 7,8 (7,8% 29, 0,0 00 5,1 51 31684 3,16–8,4 000 0,00 27– (27–5 71, (71,6 0, (0, 7, (7,8 5, 3168 3,16–8, (27– (71, (0 (7, 316 3,16–8 (27 (71 ( (7 31 3,16– (2 3,16 3,1 3,

Abstract Objective: To develop growth charts for weight-for-age, height-for-age, and body mass index (BMI)-for-age for both genders aged 2 to 18 years for Brazilian patients with Williams-Beuren Syndrome (WBS). Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective, and longitudinal study, data were collected from the medical records of boys and girls with a confirmed diagnosis of WBS in three large university centers in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Growth charts stratified by gender and age in years were developed using LMSchartmaker Pro software. The LMS (Lambda Mu Sigma) method was used to model the charts. The quality of the settings was checked by worm plots. Results: The first Brazilian growth charts for weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI-for-age stratified by gender were constructed for WBS patients aged 2 to 18 years. Conclusion: The growth charts developed in this study can help to guide family members and to improve the health care offered by health professionals. Objective weightforage, weightforage weight age, weight-for-age heightforage, heightforage height height-for-age BMIforage BMI 1 WilliamsBeuren Williams Beuren WBS. . (WBS) Methods multicenter retrospective Paulo Brazil software Lambda Sigma plots Results Conclusion professionals (WBS

Abstract Background: Only a fraction of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) will eventually progress toward systemic disease (SLE). Objective: To find inflammatory biomarkers which could predict the progression of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) into systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using immunohistochemical (IHC) assays. Methods: Immunohistochemical markers for cytotoxic, inflammatory, and anti-inflammatory responses and morphometric methods were applied to routine paraffin sections of skin biopsies, taken from lesions of 59 patients with discoid lupus, subacute lupus, and lupus tumidus. For the diagnosis of SLE, patients were classified by both the American College of Rheumatology (ACR-82) and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC-12) systems. Results: Skin samples from CLE/SLE +patients presented higher expression of IL-1β (ARC-82: p = 0.024; SLICC-12: p = 0.0143) and a significantly higher number of cells marked with granzyme B and perforin (ARC: p = 0.0097; SLICC-12: p = 0.0148). Biopsies from CLE/SLE- individuals had higher expression of IL-17 (ARC-82: p = 0.0003; SLICC-12: p = 0.0351) and presented a positive correlation between the density of granzyme A+and FoxP3+ cells (ARC-82: p = 0.0257; SLICC-12: p = 0.0285) and CD8+ cells (ARC-82: p = 0.0075; SLICC-12: p = 0.0102), as well as between granulysin-positive and CD8+ cells (ARC-82: p = 0.0024; SLICC-12: p = 0.0116). Study limitations: Patients were evaluated at a specific point in their evolution and according to the presence or not of systemic disease. The authors cannot predict how many more, from each group, would have evolved towards SLE in the following years. Conclusions: In this cohort, immunohistochemical findings suggested that patients with a tendency to systemic disease will show strong reactivity for IL-1β, while those with purely cutaneous involvement will tend to express IL-17 more intensely. Background CLE (CLE SLE. . Objective (SLE IHC (IHC assays Methods cytotoxic antiinflammatory anti biopsies 5 tumidus ACR82 ACR 82 (ACR-82 SLICC12 SLICC 12 (SLICC-12 systems Results CLESLE IL1β ILβ IL 1β β ARC82 ARC (ARC-82 0.024 0024 0 024 SLICC-12 0.0143 00143 0143 (ARC 0.0097 00097 0097 0.0148. 00148 0.0148 0148 0.0148) IL17 17 IL-1 0.0003 00003 0003 0.0351 00351 0351 Aand A FoxP3 FoxP 0.0257 00257 0257 0.0285 00285 0285 CD8 CD 0.0075 00075 0075 0.0102, 00102 0.0102 , 0102 0.0102) granulysinpositive granulysin 0.0024 00024 0.0116. 00116 0.0116 0116 0.0116) limitations group years Conclusions cohort IL1β, 1β, intensely ACR8 8 (ACR-8 SLICC1 1 (SLICC-1 ARC8 (ARC-8 0.02 002 02 SLICC-1 0.014 0014 014 0.009 0009 009 IL1 IL- 0.000 0000 000 0.035 0035 035 0.025 0025 025 0.028 0028 028 0.007 0007 007 0010 0.010 010 0.002 0002 0011 0.011 011 (ACR- (SLICC- (ARC- 0.0 00 SLICC- 0.01 001 01 0.00 0.03 003 03 (ACR (SLICC 0.

Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease is usually asymptomatic, and its diagnosis depends on laboratory tests, with emphasis on serum creatinine and proteinuria. Objective: To assess knowledge on the role of serum creatinine as a biomarker of kidney function in a sample of the Brazilian population. Method: Cross-sectional observational study conducted in São Paulo (SP, Brazil), in which a random adult population was interviewed. Results: A total of 1138 subjects were interviewed, with a median age of 36 years old (27–52); 55.1% were female. Regarding the “creatinine” biomarker, 40.6% stated they had never performed such a test. When asked about their knowledge on the usefulness of this exam, only 19.6% knew its function. The other responses were “I don’t know” (71.6%), evaluating heart function (0.9%) and liver function (7.8%). Of those who reported they had already taken a creatinine test, only 29.4% correctly identified the role of creatinine. When dividing the groups into “knows” and “does not know” the function of creatinine, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed regarding level of education, female sex, being a healthcare student/worker, having ever measured creatinine, knowing someone with kidney disease and older age. In the multivariate analysis, the main variable related to knowing the creatinine role was having previously taken the test (OR 5.16; 95% CI 3.16–8.43, p < 0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant lack of knowledge about creatinine and its use in checkups. The results indicate that greater efforts are needed from healthcare professionals to raise awareness on the role of serum creatinine.

Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica costuma ser assintomática e seu diagnóstico depende da realização de exames laboratoriais, com destaque para a creatinina sérica e pesquisa de proteinúria. Objetivo: Avaliar em uma amostra da população brasileira o conhecimento sobre o papel da creatinina sérica como marcador de função renal. Método: Estudo observacional transversal realizado na cidade de São Paulo (SP, Brasil), em que foi entrevistada uma população adulta aleatória. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 1138 indivíduos, com idade mediana de 36 anos (27–52); 55,1% do sexo feminino. Com relação ao marcador “creatinina”, 40,6% afirmaram que nunca realizaram tal dosagem. Quando questionados quanto ao conhecimento sobre a utilidade desse exame, somente 19,6% sabiam a sua função. As outras respostas foram “não sei” (71,6%), avaliar o funcionamento do coração (0,9%) e fígado (7,8%). Dos que afirmaram já terem realizado o exame de creatinina, somente 29,4% acertaram a função da creatinina. Ao dividir os grupos em “sabe” e “não sabe” a função da creatinina, percebeu-se diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05) em relação ao grau de escolaridade, sexo feminino, ser aluno/trabalhador da saúde, ter dosado creatinina alguma vez, conhecer alguém com doença renal e maior idade. Na análise multivariada, a principal variável relacionada com conhecer a função da creatinina foi ter realizado o exame anteriormente (OR 5,16; IC 95% 3,16–8,43, p < 0,001). Conclusão: Há grande desconhecimento sobre a creatinina e seu uso em check-ups. Os resultados indicam que é necessário maior esforço por parte dos profissionais de saúde para divulgar o papel da creatinina sérica.

RESUMEN Introducción: El triatlón puede considerarse uno de los deportes de resistencia de mayor éxito a nivel mundial debido a la gran difusión de información, ampliación de la oferta de competiciones y mayor popularidad. Objetivo: Analizar el perfil sociodemográfico, socioeconómico y motivacional de los triatletas brasileños. Métodos: Participaron en el estudio 411 triatletas, 127 mujeres [37,87 ± 9,34 años] y 284 hombres [36,02 ± 9,23 años]. Se enviaron electrónicamente tres cuestionarios para evaluar datos sociodemográficos, socioeconómicos y de motivación. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y pruebas estadísticas para comparar la motivación entre grupos de edad, sexo y nivel técnico. Resultados: Se encontró que existe un predominio de triatletas masculinos, amateurs, con edades entre 30-40 años, empleados y económicamente favorecidos. Los deportistas aficionados tienen la carrera como deporte base para el Triatlón y los profesionales inician su carrera deportiva a través de la natación. Entre las distancias más practicadas se encuentran el Triatlón sprint y el medio Ironman. Respecto a la motivación, las mujeres difieren en las dimensiones actividad grupal (p=0,020), emoción (p=0,002) y competencia técnica (p=0,007). Los triatletas profesionales obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en las dimensiones de reconocimiento social (p=0,001) y competición (p=0,001) y puntuaciones más bajas en la dimensión de condición física (p=0,005). Los triatletas con edades comprendidas entre 35 y 49 años tuvieron medias más bajas en la dimensión reconocimiento social (p=0,007), (p=0,012) y (p=0,004) y competición (p=0,028), (p=0,008) y (p=0,044) en comparación con atletas de 20 a 29 años. Conclusión: el perfil de los triatletas brasileños es diverso y las diferencias de sexo, edad y nivel técnico impactaron en la motivación de los triatletas evaluados. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudios diagnósticos - Investigación de un diagnóstico prueba; Estudio de pacientes no consecutivos, sin un “patrón oro” aplicado uniformemente. Introducción información popularidad Objetivo sociodemográfico Métodos 41 12 37,87 3787 37 87 [37,8 934 9 34 9,3 28 36,02 3602 36 02 [36,0 923 23 9,2 . sociodemográficos Resultados masculinos amateurs 3040 30 40 30-4 favorecidos natación Ironman p=0,020, p0020 p p=0,020 , 0 020 (p=0,020) p=0,002 p0002 002 (p=0,002 p=0,007. p0007 p=0,007 007 (p=0,007) p=0,001 p0001 001 (p=0,001 p=0,005. p0005 p=0,005 005 (p=0,005) 3 4 p=0,007, p=0,012 p0012 012 (p=0,012 p=0,004 p0004 004 (p=0,004 p=0,028, p0028 p=0,028 028 (p=0,028) p=0,008 p0008 008 (p=0,008 p=0,044 p0044 044 (p=0,044 2 Conclusión evaluados III prueba consecutivos patrón oro uniformemente 1 37,8 378 8 [37, 93 9, 36,0 360 [36, 92 304 30- p002 p=0,02 (p=0,020 p=0,00 p000 00 (p=0,00 (p=0,007 (p=0,005 p=0,01 p001 01 (p=0,01 (p=0,028 p=0,04 p004 04 (p=0,04 37, [37 36, [36 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,02 (p=0,0 [3 p0 p=0, (p=0, [ p=0 (p=0 p= (p= (p

ABSTRACT Introduction: Triathlon can be considered one of the most successful endurance sports worldwide due to the wide dissemination of information, expansion of the offer of competitions, and greater popularity. Objective: To analyze Brazilian triathletes’ sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and motivational profiles. Methods: 411 triathletes participated in the study, 127 women [37.87 ± 9.34 years] and 284 men [36.02 ± 9.23 years]. Three questionnaires were sent electronically to assess sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and motivational data. In addition, descriptive analyses and statistical tests were performed to compare motivation between age, sex, and technical level groups. Results: It was found that there is a prevalence of male triathletes, amateurs, aged between 30-40 years, employed and economically favored. Amateur athletes have running as a base sport for Triathlon, and professionals start their sports career through swimming. Among the most practiced distances are the sprint Triathlon and half Ironman. Regarding motivation, women differ in the dimensions of group activity (p=0.020), emotion (p=0.002), and technical competence (p=0.007). Professional triathletes had higher scores in the dimensions of social recognition (p=0.001) and competition (p=0.001) and lower scores in the physical fitness dimension (p=0.005). Triathletes aged between 35 and 49 years had lower averages in the social recognition dimension (p=0.007), (p=0.012) and (p=0.004) and competition (p=0.028), (p=0.008) and (p=0.044) when compared to athletes aged 20 to 29 years. Conclusion: the profile of Brazilian triathletes is diverse, and differences in sex, age, and technical level impacted the motivation of the evaluated triathletes. Level of Evidence III; Diagnostic studies - Investigation of a diagnosis test; Study of non-consecutive patients, with no uniformly applied “gold standard”. Introduction information competitions popularity Objective sociodemographic socioeconomic profiles Methods 41 study 12 37.87 3787 37 87 [37.8 934 9 34 9.3 28 36.02 3602 36 02 [36.0 923 23 9.2 . data addition age sex groups Results amateurs 3040 30 40 30-4 favored swimming Ironman p=0.020, p0020 p p=0.020 , 0 020 (p=0.020) p=0.002, p0002 p=0.002 002 (p=0.002) p=0.007. p0007 p=0.007 007 (p=0.007) p=0.001 p0001 001 (p=0.001 p=0.005. p0005 p=0.005 005 (p=0.005) 3 4 p=0.007, p=0.012 p0012 012 (p=0.012 p=0.004 p0004 004 (p=0.004 p=0.028, p0028 p=0.028 028 (p=0.028) p=0.008 p0008 008 (p=0.008 p=0.044 p0044 044 (p=0.044 2 Conclusion diverse III test nonconsecutive non consecutive patients gold standard. standard standard” 1 37.8 378 8 [37. 93 9. 36.0 360 [36. 92 304 30- p002 p=0.02 (p=0.020 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.002 (p=0.007 (p=0.00 (p=0.005 p=0.01 p001 01 (p=0.01 (p=0.028 p=0.04 p004 04 (p=0.04 37. [37 36. [36 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.02 (p=0.0 [3 p0 p=0. (p=0. [ p=0 (p=0 p= (p= (p

RESUMO Introdução: O Triathlon pode ser considerado um dos esportes endurance de maior sucesso mundialmente devido à grande disseminação de informações, ampliação da oferta de competições e maior popularidade. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil sociodemográfico, socioeconômico e motivacional de triatletas brasileiros. Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa 411 triatletas, sendo 127 mulheres [37,87 ± 9,34 anos] e 284 homens [36,02 ± 9,23 anos]. Foram enviados eletronicamente três questionários que avaliam dados sociodemográficos, socioeconômicos e a motivação. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e testes estatísticos para comparar a motivação entre grupos de idade, sexo e nível técnico. Resultados: Verificou-se que há prevalência de triatletas homens, amadores, com faixa etária entre 30-40 anos, empregados e economicamente favorecidos. Atletas amadores possuem a corrida como esporte de base para o Triathlon e profissionais iniciam sua carreira esportiva pela natação. Entre as distâncias mais praticadas estão o Triathlon sprint e meio Ironman. Sobre a motivação, mulheres diferem nas dimensões de atividade de grupo (p=0,020), emoção (p=0,002) e competência técnica (p=0,007). Triatletas profissionais apresentaram maiores pontuações nas dimensões de reconhecimento social (p=0,001) e competição (p=0,001) e menores pontuações na dimensão aptidão física (p=0,005). Triatletas com idades entre 35 a 49 anos obtiveram menores médias na dimensão reconhecimento social (p=0,007), (p=0,012) e (p=0,004) e competição (p=0,028), (p=0,008) e (p=0,044) quando comparados com atletas de 20 a 29 anos. Conclusão: o perfil de triatletas brasileiros é diverso e as diferenças de sexo, idade e nível técnico impactaram na motivação dos triatletas avaliados. Nível de Evidência III; Estudos diagnósticos - Investigação de um diagnóstico este; Estudo de pacientes não consecutivos, sem “padrão ouro” aplicado de maneira uniforme. Introdução informações popularidade Objetivo sociodemográfico Métodos 41 12 37,87 3787 37 87 [37,8 934 9 34 9,3 28 36,02 3602 36 02 [36,0 923 23 9,2 . sociodemográficos Resultados Verificouse Verificou se 3040 30 40 30-4 favorecidos natação Ironman p=0,020, p0020 p p=0,020 , 0 020 (p=0,020) p=0,002 p0002 002 (p=0,002 p=0,007. p0007 p=0,007 007 (p=0,007) p=0,001 p0001 001 (p=0,001 p=0,005. p0005 p=0,005 005 (p=0,005) 3 4 p=0,007, p=0,012 p0012 012 (p=0,012 p=0,004 p0004 004 (p=0,004 p=0,028, p0028 p=0,028 028 (p=0,028) p=0,008 p0008 008 (p=0,008 p=0,044 p0044 044 (p=0,044 2 Conclusão avaliados III este consecutivos padrão ouro uniforme 1 37,8 378 8 [37, 93 9, 36,0 360 [36, 92 304 30- p002 p=0,02 (p=0,020 p=0,00 p000 00 (p=0,00 (p=0,007 (p=0,005 p=0,01 p001 01 (p=0,01 (p=0,028 p=0,04 p004 04 (p=0,04 37, [37 36, [36 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,02 (p=0,0 [3 p0 p=0, (p=0, [ p=0 (p=0 p= (p= (p

Abstract Identification of early haploids is necessary to increase the efficiency of the double haploid production. The objectives were to determine the effectiveness of early selection of haploid seedling and to investigate the haploid inducers and donor tropical supersweet corn interactions, based on stomatal guard cell length. Two haploid inducers, three supersweet corn populations and its six combinations of F1's diploid and haploid, classified based on the expression of the R1-navajo gene and by the colors of the first leaf sheath in seedlings at the V2 stage, were used. From each seedling of the treatments, external epidermal impressions were taken to measure the stomatal guard cell length. F1 haploids showed a 32.7% to 38.2% reduction in guard cell length compared to F1 diploids. The parents contributed differently to reduce or increase guard cell length in the F1's combinations, but without specific interactions between parents. production F1s Fs s F R1navajo Rnavajo R1 navajo R V stage used treatments 327 32 7 32.7 382 38 2 38.2 diploids 3 32. 38.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las evidencias sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones para fortalecer las creencias de autoeficacia en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Revisión Integrativa realizada en las bases de datos Lilacs, PubMed, CinahL, Cochrane Collaboration Databases, Scopus y PsycInfo. La calidad metodológica de los estudios se evaluó utilizando herramientas propuestas por el Instituto Joanna Briggs y los resultados se analizaron de forma descriptiva. Resultados: De los 10 estudios seleccionados, seis demostraron que las intervenciones para fortalecer la autoeficacia fueron efectivas (niveles de evidencia II y III) y cuatro arrojaron resultados contrarios (niveles de evidencia I y II). Los programas dirigidos al fortalecimiento de la autoeficacia deben incluir contenido sobre salud mental positiva, estrategias de psicoeducación, abarcar un período de ocho a doce semanas y considerar la realización de ejercicios para hacer en casa. Conclusión: La síntesis de evidencia señala el camino para la construcción de un programa efectivo de fortalecimiento de las creencias de autoeficacia que debe implementarse en las universidades. Objetivo universitarios Métodos Lilacs PubMed CinahL Databases PsycInfo descriptiva Resultados 1 seleccionados niveles III II. . II) positiva psicoeducación casa Conclusión universidades

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy beliefs in college students. Methods: Integrative Review conducted on the Lilacs, PubMed, CinahL, Cochrane Collaboration Databases, Scopus, and PsycInfo databases. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using tools proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute, and the results were analyzed descriptively. Results: Out of the 10 selected studies, six demonstrated that interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy were effective (Levels of Evidence II and III), and four revealed contrary results (Levels of Evidence I and II). Programs aimed at enhancing self-efficacy should include content on positive mental health, psychoeducation strategies, cover a period of eight to twelve weeks, and consider the completion of homework assignments. Conclusion: The synthesis of evidence pointed to pathways for building an effective self-efficacy strengthening program to be implemented in universities. Objective selfefficacy self efficacy students Methods Lilacs PubMed CinahL Databases Scopus databases Institute descriptively Results 1 Levels III, III , III) II. . II) health strategies weeks assignments Conclusion universities

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as evidências sobre a efetividade das intervenções para fortalecer as crenças de autoeficácia em universitários. Métodos: Revisão Integrativa, realizada nas bases de dados Lilacs, PubMed, CinahL, Cochrane Collaboration Databases, Scopus e PsycInfo. A qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi avaliada por meio de ferramentas propostas pelo Joanna Briggs Institute e os resultados foram analisados de forma descritiva. Resultados: Dos 10 estudos selecionados, seis demonstraram que as intervenções para fortalecer a autoeficácia foram efetivas (níveis de evidências II e III) e quatro revelaram resultados contrários (níveis de evidências I e II). Os programas direcionados ao fortalecimento da autoeficácia devem possuir conteúdo sobre saúde mental positiva, estratégias de psicoeducação, abranger o período de oito a doze semanas e considerar a realização de exercícios para casa. Conclusão: A síntese das evidências apontou caminhos para a construção de um programa efetivo de fortalecimento das crenças de autoeficácia a ser implementado em universidades. Objetivo universitários Métodos Integrativa Lilacs PubMed CinahL Databases PsycInfo descritiva Resultados 1 selecionados níveis III II. . II) positiva psicoeducação casa Conclusão universidades

Resumen La temperatura del aire es un factor climático que afecta la incidencia del dengue, con efectos que varían según el tiempo y el territorio. Investigamos la relación entre la temperatura mínima del aire y la incidencia de la enfermedad en Minas Gerais, Brasil, y evaluamos la influencia de variables socioeconómicas y geográficas en esta relación. Se trata de un estudio de serie temporal cuyo análisis se realiza en tres etapas distintas: modelación mediante el uso de distributed lag non-linear model (modelos distributivos no lineales con retraso), metaanálisis de los modelos obtenidos y metarregresión con datos geográficos y socioeconómicos. La temperatura mínima fue un factor de protección ante temperaturas extremadamente frías (RR = 0,65; IC95%: 0,56-0,76) y moderadas (RR = 0,71; IC95%: 0,64-0,79) y factor de riesgo en temperaturas de calor moderado (RR = 1,15; IC95%: 1,07-1,24), pero no en extremo (RR = 1,1; IC95%: 0,99-1,22). La heterogeneidad de los modelos fue alta (I2 = 60%), y esta medida no se modificó en la metarregresión. Las temperaturas frías moderadas y extremas tienen un efecto protector, mientras que las temperaturas moderadamente altas aumentan el riesgo. Sin embargo, la temperatura mínima del aire no explica la variabilidad de la región, ni siquiera con las demás variables en metarregresión. dengue territorio Gerais Brasil distintas nonlinear non linear retraso, retraso , retraso) socioeconómicos RR 0,65 065 0 65 IC95% IC95 IC 0,560,76 056076 0,56 0,76 56 76 0,56-0,76 0,71 071 71 0,640,79 064079 0,64 0,79 64 79 0,64-0,79 1,15 115 1 15 1,071,24, 107124 1,07 1,24 07 24 1,07-1,24) 1,1 11 0,991,22. 099122 0,99 1,22 . 99 22 0,99-1,22) I2 I (I 60%, 60 60% 60%) protector embargo región 0,6 06 6 IC9 560 0,560,7 05607 056 0,5 076 0,7 5 7 0,56-0,7 640 0,640,7 06407 064 079 0,64-0,7 1,071,24 10712 107 1,0 124 1,2 2 1,07-1,24 1, 991 0,991,22 09912 099 0,9 122 9 0,99-1,22 0, 0,560, 0560 05 0,56-0, 0,640, 0640 0,64-0, 1,071,2 1071 10 12 1,07-1,2 0,991,2 0991 09 0,99-1,2 0,560 0,56-0 0,640 0,64-0 1,071, 1,07-1, 0,991, 0,99-1, 0,56- 0,64- 1,071 1,07-1 0,991 0,99-1 1,07- 0,99-

Abstract Air temperature is a climatic factor that affects the incidence of dengue, with effects varying according to time and space. We investigated the relationship between minimum air temperature and dengue incidence in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and evaluated the influence of socioeconomic and geographic variables on this relationship. This is a time series study with analysis conducted in three distinct stages: modeling using a distributed lag non-linear model, meta-analysis of models obtained, and meta-regression with geographic and socioeconomic data. Minimum temperature was a protective factor at extreme cold temperatures (RR = 0.65; 95%CI: 0.56-0.76) and moderate cold temperatures (RR = 0.71; 95%CI: 0.64-0.79), and a risk factor at moderate hot temperatures (RR = 1.15; 95%CI: 1.07-1.24), but not at extreme hot temperatures (RR = 1.1; 95%CI: 0.99-1.22). Heterogeneity of the models was high (I2 = 60%), which was also observed in meta-regression. Moderate and extreme cold temperatures have a protective effect, while moderate hot temperatures increase the risk. However, minimum air temperature does not explain the variability in the region, not even with the other variables in meta-regression. space Gerais Brazil stages nonlinear non linear model metaanalysis meta obtained metaregression regression data RR 0.65 065 0 65 95%CI 95CI CI 95 0.560.76 056076 0.56 0.76 56 76 0.56-0.76 0.71 071 71 0.640.79, 064079 0.64 0.79 , 64 79 0.64-0.79) 1.15 115 1 15 1.071.24, 107124 1.07 1.24 07 24 1.07-1.24) 1.1 11 0.991.22. 099122 0.99 1.22 . 99 22 0.99-1.22) I2 I (I 60%, 60 60% 60%) metaregression. regression. effect However region 0.6 06 6 9 560 0.560.7 05607 056 0.5 076 0.7 5 7 0.56-0.7 640 0.640.79 06407 064 079 0.64-0.79 1.071.24 10712 107 1.0 124 1.2 2 1.07-1.24 1. 991 0.991.22 09912 099 0.9 122 0.99-1.22 0. 0.560. 0560 05 0.56-0. 0.640.7 0640 0.64-0.7 1.071.2 1071 10 12 1.07-1.2 0.991.2 0991 09 0.99-1.2 0.560 0.56-0 0.640. 0.64-0. 1.071. 1.07-1. 0.991. 0.99-1. 0.56- 0.640 0.64-0 1.071 1.07-1 0.991 0.99-1 0.64- 1.07- 0.99-

Resumo A temperatura do ar é um fator climático que afeta a incidência da dengue, com efeitos variando conforme o tempo e o espaço. Investigamos a relação entre a temperatura mínima do ar e a incidência da doença em Minas Gerais, Brasil, e avaliamos a influência de variáveis socioeconômicas e geográficas nessa relação, calculando-se o risco relativo (RR). Este é um estudo de série temporal com análise conduzida em três etapas distintas: modelagem por uso de distributed lag non-linear model (modelos não-lineares distributivos com defasagem), metanálise dos modelos obtidos e metarregressão com dados geográficos e socioeconômicos. A temperatura mínima foi um fator de proteção quando em temperaturas frias extremas (RR = 0,65; IC95%: 0,56-0,76) e moderadas (RR = 0,71; IC95%: 0,64-0,79) e fator de risco em temperaturas de calor moderado (RR = 1,15; IC95%: 1,07-1,24), mas não em extremo (RR = 1,1; IC95%: 0,99-1,22). A heterogeneidade dos modelos foi elevada (I2 = 60%) e essa medida não foi alterada em metarregressão. Temperaturas frias moderadas e extremas causam efeito protetivo, enquanto moderadas quentes aumentam o risco. No entanto, a temperatura mínima do ar não explica nem a variabilidade da região, nem mesmo com as outras variáveis em metarregressão. dengue espaço Gerais Brasil calculandose calculando se RR. RR . (RR) distintas nonlinear non linear nãolineares lineares defasagem, defasagem , defasagem) socioeconômicos 0,65 065 0 65 IC95% IC95 IC 0,560,76 056076 0,56 0,76 56 76 0,56-0,76 0,71 071 71 0,640,79 064079 0,64 0,79 64 79 0,64-0,79 1,15 115 1 15 1,071,24, 107124 1,07 1,24 07 24 1,07-1,24) 1,1 11 0,991,22. 099122 0,99 1,22 99 22 0,99-1,22) I2 I (I 60% 60 protetivo entanto região 0,6 06 6 IC9 560 0,560,7 05607 056 0,5 076 0,7 5 7 0,56-0,7 640 0,640,7 06407 064 079 0,64-0,7 1,071,24 10712 107 1,0 124 1,2 2 1,07-1,24 1, 991 0,991,22 09912 099 0,9 122 9 0,99-1,22 0, 0,560, 0560 05 0,56-0, 0,640, 0640 0,64-0, 1,071,2 1071 10 12 1,07-1,2 0,991,2 0991 09 0,99-1,2 0,560 0,56-0 0,640 0,64-0 1,071, 1,07-1, 0,991, 0,99-1, 0,56- 0,64- 1,071 1,07-1 0,991 0,99-1 1,07- 0,99-

Abstract Introduction: social participation is a cornerstone in implementing the National Policy for Occupational Heath, which establishes care actions for worker’s health within the Unified Health System, based on the National Network for Comprehensive Occupational Healthcare (Renast). Objective: to describe the educational-service partnership aimed at strengthening occupational care in a municipality according to Renast principles by education and social mobilization in health. Methods: This experience report focuses on the outreach project developed to answer the demands of the municipal Intersectoral Commission on Occupational Health. Three workshops were conducted using discussion groups as a method for knowledge production associated with teaching and learning strategies. Results: health professionals, students, workers, and representatives of entities participated in the workshops, which addressed Renast organization; epidemiology and the role of various actors in strengthening Renast; Renast intra and intersectoral articulation, its weaknesses and potentialities; and the relevance of each actor in changing their realities. Conclusion: the workshops proved to be a feasible strategy for education and social mobilization aimed at strengthening Renast. Introduction Heath workers worker s System . (Renast) Objective educationalservice educational service Methods strategies Results professionals students organization articulation potentialities realities Conclusion (Renast

Resumo Introdução: a participação social é o pilar da implementação da Política Nacional de Saúde do Trabalhador e da Trabalhadora que estabelece as ações de atenção à Saúde do Trabalhador no Sistema Único de Saúde, a partir da Rede Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Trabalhador (Renast). Objetivo: descrever a parceria ensino-serviço para fortalecer a atenção à Saúde do Trabalhador em um município, em consonância com os princípios da Renast, a partir da formação e mobilização social em saúde. Métodos: trata-se de um relato do projeto de extensão desenvolvido por demanda da Comissão Intersetorial de Saúde do Trabalhador e da Trabalhadora municipal. Foram realizadas três oficinas de trabalho que utilizaram o diálogo em grupos de discussão como método para produção de conhecimento associado a estratégias de ensino-aprendizagem. Resultados: profissionais de saúde, estudantes, trabalhadores e representantes de entidades participaram das oficinas, que versavam sobre: organização da Renast; a epidemiologia e papel dos diversos atores para fortalecimento da Renast; a articulação intra e intersetorial da Renast, suas fragilidades e potencialidades; e a relevância de cada ator no sentido de mobilizá-los para mudança de suas realidades. Conclusão: as oficinas apresentaram-se como estratégia possível de formação e ponto de partida, visando à mobilização social para fortalecer a Renast. Introdução Renast . (Renast) Objetivo ensinoserviço ensino serviço município saúde Métodos tratase trata se municipal ensinoaprendizagem. ensinoaprendizagem aprendizagem. aprendizagem ensino-aprendizagem Resultados estudantes sobre potencialidades mobilizálos mobilizá los realidades Conclusão apresentaramse apresentaram partida (Renast

Abstract Purpose: This article aims to analyze pioneering public finance initiatives based on blockchain technology, identifying the Brazilian context amid the international. Additionally, this study seeks to present opportunities for blockchain technology applications and the challenges encountered for their expansion. Originality/value: Few studies have covered the public sector, especially public finance, despite using and testing this technology in different areas. The development of these innovative applications is limited, particularly in Brazil. Design/methodology/approach: Public documents, such as reports and official websites of public agencies, associations, and institutions, were identified and selected from the unit of analysis “pioneering public finance initiatives based on blockchain technology.” Findings: Blockchain technology has been used in government projects related to research, identity, economic development, and financial services, among others. Blockchain initiatives have been led by Brazil’s financial, technology, and education/media sectors. Finding technology applications in public finance was one of the difficulties in the research. The number of projects in this category involving blockchain and the public sector is scarce in Brazil and internationally. However, this scenario has shown signs of change. Although reduced, public sector participation has increased in recent years. Blockchain has much to offer the public finance sector, but governments have been cautious and insecure about introducing the technology. It happens because of uncertainty about whether the technology is developed enough to withstand critical problems in the public system or what unique issues could arise from that technology. Purpose international Additionally expansion Originality/value Originalityvalue Originality value areas limited Design/methodology/approach Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach documents agencies associations institutions Findings research identity services others Brazils s educationmedia education media sectors internationally However change reduced years

Resumo Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as iniciativas pioneiras de finanças públicas baseadas na tecnologia blockchain, identificando o contexto brasileiro em meio ao internacional. Além disso, o estudo busca apresentar oportunidades de aplicações da tecnologia blockchain, bem como os desafios encontrados para a sua expansão. Originalidade/valor: Apesar de a tecnologia ser empregada e testada em diferentes áreas, ainda são poucos os estudos que abrangem o setor público, em especial as finanças públicas. No Brasil, em particular, o desenvolvimento dessas aplicações inovadoras é limitado. Design/metodologia/abordagem: A partir da unidade de análise: “iniciativas pioneiras de finanças públicas baseadas na tecnologia blockchain”, foram identificados e selecionados documentos públicos, como relatórios e sites oficiais de órgãos públicos, associações e instituições. Resultados: O emprego da tecnologia blockchain foi identificado em projetos governamentais relacionados a pesquisa, identidade, desenvolvimento econômico, serviços financeiros, entre outros. No Brasil, as iniciativas de blockchain têm sido lideradas pelos setores financeiros, tecnológicos e de educação/mídia. Uma das dificuldades na pesquisa foi encontrar aplicações da tecnologia nas finanças públicas. O número de projetos dessa categoria, envolvendo a blockchain e o setor público, é escasso, no Brasil e internacionalmente. No entanto, esse cenário tem dado indícios de mudanças. Apesar de reduzida, a participação do setor público tem aumentado nos últimos anos. Observa-se que a blockchain tem muito a oferecer ao setor de finanças públicas, mas há cautela e insegurança dos governos na introdução da tecnologia. Isso porque não há como saber se a tecnologia está desenvolvida o suficiente para suportar problemas críticos no sistema público ou quais problemas singulares poderiam originar-se dessa tecnologia. Objetivo internacional disso expansão Originalidade/valor Originalidadevalor Originalidade valor áreas particular limitado Design/metodologia/abordagem Designmetodologiaabordagem Design metodologia abordagem análise , blockchain” públicos instituições Resultados identidade econômico financeiros outros educaçãomídia educação mídia educação/mídia categoria escasso internacionalmente entanto mudanças reduzida anos Observase Observa originarse originar

ABSTRACT Introduction: Along with cardiopulmonary bypass time, aortic cross-clamping time is directly related to the risk of complications after heart surgery. The influence of the time difference between cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamping times (TDC-C) remains poorly understood. Objective: To assess the impact of cardiopulmonary bypass time in relation to cross-clamping time on immediate results after coronary artery bypass grafting in the Registro Paulista de Cirurgia Cardiovascular (REPLICCAR) II. Methods: Analysis of 3,090 patients included in REPLICCAR II database was performed. The Society of Thoracic Surgeons outcomes were evaluated (mortality, kidney failure, deep wound infection, reoperation, cerebrovascular accident, and prolonged ventilation time). A cutoff point was adopted, from which the increase of this difference would affect each outcome. Results: After a cutoff point determination, all patients were divided into Group 1 (cardiopulmonary bypass time < 140 min., TDC-C < 30 min.), Group 2 (cardiopulmonary bypass time < 140 min., TDC-C > 30 min.), Group 3 (cardiopulmonary bypass time > 140 min., TDC-C < 30 min.), and Group 4 (cardiopulmonary bypass time > 140 min., TDC-C > 30 min.). After univariate logistic regression, Group 2 showed significant association with reoperation (odds ratio: 1.64, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-2.66), stroke (odds ratio: 3.85, 95% confidence interval: 1.99-7.63), kidney failure (odds ratio: 1.90, 95% confidence interval: 1.32-2.74), and in-hospital mortality (odds ratio: 2.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.30-3.60). Conclusion: TDC-C serves as a predictive factor for complications following coronary artery bypass grafting. We strongly recommend that future studies incorporate this metric to improve the prediction of complications. Introduction crossclamping cross clamping surgery TDCC TDC C (TDC-C understood Objective (REPLICCAR Methods 3090 090 3,09 performed mortality, (mortality infection accident time. . time) adopted outcome Results determination 14 min min. , min.) min.. regression odds ratio 164 64 1.64 95 interval 1.012.66, 101266 1.01 2.66 01 66 1.01-2.66) 385 85 3.85 1.997.63, 199763 1.99 7.63 99 7 63 1.99-7.63) 190 90 1.90 1.322.74, 132274 1.32 2.74 32 74 1.32-2.74) inhospital hospital 217 17 2.17 1.303.60. 130360 1.30 3.60 60 1.30-3.60) Conclusion 309 09 3,0 16 6 1.6 9 012 1.012.66 10126 101 1.0 266 2.6 0 1.01-2.66 38 8 3.8 997 1.997.63 19976 199 1.9 763 7.6 1.99-7.63 19 322 1.322.74 13227 132 1.3 274 2.7 1.32-2.74 21 2.1 303 1.303.60 13036 130 360 3.6 1.30-3.60 3, 1. 1.012.6 1012 10 26 2. 1.01-2.6 3. 1.997.6 1997 76 7. 1.99-7.6 1.322.7 1322 13 27 1.32-2.7 1.303.6 1303 36 1.30-3.6 1.012. 1.01-2. 1.997. 1.99-7. 1.322. 1.32-2. 1.303. 1.30-3. 1.012 1.01-2 1.997 1.99-7 1.322 1.32-2 1.303 1.30-3 1.01- 1.99- 1.32- 1.30-

ABSTRACT The 35th Brazilian Congress of Surgery marked a turning point for surgical education in the country. For the first time, the Brazilian College of Surgeons included Global Surgery on the main congressional agenda, providing a unique opportunity to rethink how surgical skills are taught from a public health perspective. This discussion prompts us to consider why and how Global Surgery education should be expanded in Brazil. Although Brazilian researchers and institutions have contributed to the fields expansion since 2015, Global Surgery education initiatives are still incipient in our country. Relying on successful strategies can be a starting point to promote the area among national surgical practitioners. In this editorial, we discuss potential strategies to expand Global Surgery education opportunities and propose a series of recommendations at the national level. th country time agenda perspective Brazil 2015 practitioners editorial level 201 20 2

RESUMO O 35º Congresso Brasileiro de Cirurgia foi marcado por discussões inovadoras para a educação cirúrgica no país. Pela primeira vez, o Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões incluiu a Cirurgia Global na pauta principal do congresso, proporcionando uma oportunidade única de repensar como as habilidades cirúrgicas são ensinadas a partir de uma perspectiva de saúde pública. Essa discussão nos leva a considerar por que e como o ensino da Cirurgia Global deve ser expandido no Brasil. Embora pesquisadores e instituições brasileiras tenham contribuído para a expansão do campo desde 2015, as iniciativas de educação em Cirurgia Global ainda são incipientes em nosso país. Basear-se em estratégias bem-sucedidas pode ser um ponto de partida para promover a área entre os profissionais de cirurgia nacionais. Neste editorial, discutimos potenciais estratégias para expandir as oportunidades de educação em Cirurgia Global e propomos uma série de recomendações a nível nacional. º país vez congresso pública Brasil 2015 Basearse Basear se bemsucedidas bem sucedidas nacionais editorial nacional 201 20 2

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence of self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in non-hospitalized Brazilian adults who presented severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection symptoms and attended primary health care. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on a routine standardized diagnostic screening questionnaire applied in a Brazilian primary care facility. The olfactory and taste disorder occurrence was compared between severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-negative cases and described by age and sex. RESULTS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive patients had a higher proportion of self-reported olfactory and taste disorders, as compared with severe acute respiratory syndrome-negative (50.7%, vs. 20.6%, p<0.0001). Of all individuals with self-reported olfactory and taste disorder cases, 69% presented both olfactory and taste impairments, 13% olfactory only, and 17% taste only. In severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive cases, the frequency of olfactory and taste disorders was significantly higher among females as compared with males (71% vs. 34%). Additionally, people with olfactory and taste disorders were significantly younger in the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive group. CONCLUSION: Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders are highly common among non-hospitalized severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2-positive Brazilian people who attended the Family Health Care Unit. The co-occurrence of both self-reported olfactory and taste disorders was more frequent than self-reported olfactory or taste disorders alone. OBJECTIVE selfreported self reported nonhospitalized non hospitalized syndromerelated syndrome related METHODS crosssectional cross sectional facility 2positive positive 2negative negative sex RESULTS syndromenegative 50.7%, 507 50 7 (50.7% vs 206 20 6 20.6% p<0.0001. p00001 p p<0.0001 . 0 0001 p<0.0001) 69 impairments 13 only 17 71% 71 (71 34%. 34 34% 34%) Additionally group CONCLUSION Selfreported Self Unit cooccurrence co alone 50.7% 5 (50.7 20.6 p0000 p<0.000 000 1 (7 3 50.7 (50. 20. p000 p<0.00 00 ( 50. (50 p00 p<0.0 (5 p0 p<0. p<0 p<