This work developed an effective and eco-friendly analytical method to support quality control for Brazilian Bill proposal No. 5332/2009. The bill advocates the creation of the “Brazilian bread” by mandating the incorporation of cassava byproducts into wheat flour, with the aim of reducing Brazil’s external dependency on wheat imports and promoting domestic cassava family farming. For this, a handheld near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometer was utilized for on-site determination of cassava starch in commercial wheat flour. The quantitative analysis, which utilized NIR spectra pre-processed with offset correction (OFF) combined with linear baseline correction (LBC), alongside the successive projections algorithm for interval selection in partial least squares (iSPA-PLS), exhibited superior predictive capability, achieving a relative error of prediction below 8%. Furthermore, the classification process, which involved NIR spectra pre-processed with LBC and iSPA-PLS for discriminant analysis (iSPA-PLS-DA), yielded an impressive 94% overall accuracy, with only 3 misclassifications in the test set. ecofriendly eco friendly No 53322009 5332 2009 5332/2009 bread flour Brazils Brazil s farming this nearinfrared near infrared (NIR onsite site preprocessed pre processed OFF (OFF LBC, , (LBC) iSPAPLS, iSPAPLS iSPA PLS (iSPA-PLS) capability 8 8% Furthermore process iSPAPLSDA, iSPAPLSDA DA (iSPA-PLS-DA) 94 accuracy set 5332200 533 200 5332/200 (LBC (iSPA-PLS (iSPA-PLS-DA 9 533220 53 20 5332/20 53322 5 2 5332/2 5332/

Species from Pavonia genus (Malvaceae) are traditionally used as antioxidant, n anti inflammatory and antimicrobial remedies. Previous studies have revealed their diversity of specialized metabolites widely used in the development of new medicines. This is the first study on Pavonia glazioviana Gurke, a Brazilian species known as “Malva da Chapada”. The research led to identify fifteen compounds: 132 (S) hydroxy pheophytin a; and 132(S) hydroxy 173 ethoxyphaeophorbide, n decanol, cycloart 23Z ene 3β,25 diol, cycloart 24S 25 ene 3β,24 diol, sitosterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, stigmasterol 3 O β D glucopyranoside, quercetin, acacetin, kaempferol, tiliroside, 5 hydroxy 3,7,8,4’ tetramethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone, 5,7 dihydroxy 4’ methoxyflavone, 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3,8 dimethoxyflavone and 5,7,4’ trihydroxy 3 methoxyflavone. The major flavonoids were tested for their antimicrobial activity, and the compound 5,7 dihydroxy 3,8,4’ trimethoxyflavone showed strong activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida albicans (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida tropicalis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Candida parapsilosis (MIC = 512 μg mL1), Aspergillus flavus (MIC = 512 μg mL1) and A. fumigantus (MIC = 512 μg mL1). The total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging potential were determined showing its great production of phenolics and flavonoids, along with interesting radical scavenging potential (DPPH EC50 = 6.36 ± 0.029 mg mL 1). Our findings contributed to characterize P. glazioviana as a source of methoxylated flavonoids with antimicrobial potential. Malvaceae (Malvaceae antioxidant remedies medicines Gurke Malva Chapada. Chapada . Chapada” compounds 13 S (S 132S 132(S 17 ethoxyphaeophorbide decanol Z 3β25 3β 3β,2 diol 2 3β24 24 glucopyranoside quercetin acacetin kaempferol tiliroside 3,7,8,4 3784 7 8 4 tetramethoxyflavone 57 5, 3,8,4 384 methoxyflavone 5,7,4 574 38 3, MIC 51 mL1, mL1 , A mL1. content DPPH EC EC5 636 6 36 6.3 0029 0 029 0.02 1. 1 1) P 3β2 3β, 3,7,8, 378 3,8, 5,7, 63 6. 002 02 0.0 3,7,8 37 00 0. 3,7, 3,7

A new alkaloid, named brazoide Ε (6), three known steroids (campesterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol), two glucosides (3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylsitosterol and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl stigmasterol) and sucrose were isolated from the leaves and stems of Justicia wasshauseniana. Their structures were characterized using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR), and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. To reinforce the structural proposal, an acetylated derivative (6a) was obtained and its data compared to 6. Moreover, circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) analysis was performed to determine the absolute stereochemistry, time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) at the wB97X-D/def2-TZVP level, adopting functionals M06-2X and wB97X-D and base aug-cc-pVDZ, was employed to confirm the CD analysis. alkaloid 6, 6 , (6) campesterol, campesterol (campesterol βsitosterol, βsitosterol β sitosterol, sitosterol β-sitosterol stigmasterol, stigmasterol 3OβDglucopyranosylsitosterol OβDglucopyranosylsitosterol 3 O D glucopyranosylsitosterol 3OβDglucopyranosyl OβDglucopyranosyl glucopyranosyl wasshauseniana highresolution high resolution HRESIMS, HRESIMS (HRESIMS) 1D NMR, NMR NMR) IR (IR proposal 6a a (6a Moreover (CD stereochemistry timedependent time dependent TDDFT TD DFT (TD-DFT wB97XD/def2TZVP wB97XDdef2TZVP wBXDdefTZVP wB97X D/def2 TZVP def2 wB X def level M062X MX M06 2X M wB97XD wBXD augccpVDZ, augccpVDZ aug cc pVDZ, pVDZ aug-cc-pVDZ (6 (HRESIMS def2TZVP XD XDdef wBX Ddef2 Ddef D/def M0 ( defTZVP

This paper presents an analytical multiresidue method for the quantification of 7 nitroimidazoles, 19 anthelmintics, 3 amphenicols, and 4 dyes in poultry, pork, beef, horse, shrimp, and fish samples by isotope dilution ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in a single 6 min run. Samples were prepared using a modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS)-type extraction with ethyl acetate and Na2SO4-NaCl (2:1), concentration into dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and defatting by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with n-hexane. No clean-up using solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges or dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) was necessary. The linearity ranges (in μg kg-1) were 0.10-0.60 for chloramphenicol, 0.50-3.0 for dyes, 1.5-9.0 for nitroimidazoles, and 5.0-30.0 for the other drugs. The limits of quantitation (LOQ) were established at the lowest calibration curve levels. Except for chloramphenicol in the horse matrix, analyte recovery and reproducibility were satisfactory (recovery (fREC): 75.0 to 116.6%; coefficient of variation (CV): 1.2 to 29.9%). For the unapproved substances and the substances with a maximum residue level (MRL), respectively, the decision limits (CCα) were 0.14-4.10 and 5.28-1003.60 μg kg-1, while the detection capabilities (CCβ) were 0.13-3.33 and 5.46-11.56 μg kg-1. nitroimidazoles 1 anthelmintics amphenicols poultry pork beef shrimp ultrahigh ultra high UHPLCMS/MS UHPLCMSMS UHPLC MS/MS MS (UHPLC-MS/MS run quick easy cheap effective QuEChERStype QuEChERS type Na2SO4NaCl NaSONaCl Na2SO4 NaCl Na SO 21, 21 2 , (2:1) DMSO, DMSO (DMSO) liquidliquid LLE (LLE nhexane. nhexane n hexane. hexane n-hexane cleanup clean up solidphase solid phase SPE (SPE DSPE (DSPE necessary kg1 kg kg-1 0.100.60 010060 0.10 0.60 0 10 60 0.10-0.6 0.503.0 05030 0.50 3.0 50 0.50-3. 1.59.0 1590 1.5 9.0 5 9 1.5-9. 5.030.0 50300 5.0 30.0 30 5.0-30. drugs LOQ (LOQ levels matrix fREC (fREC) 750 75 75. 116.6% 1166 116 CV (CV) 12 1. 29.9%. 299 29.9% . 29 29.9%) MRL, MRL (MRL) respectively CCα (CCα 0.144.10 014410 0.14 4.10 14 0.14-4.1 5.281003.60 528100360 5.28 1003.60 28 1003 5.28-1003.6 kg1, 1, CCβ (CCβ 0.133.33 013333 0.13 3.33 13 33 0.13-3.3 5.4611.56 5461156 5.46 11.56 46 11 56 5.46-11.5 kg1. UHPLCMS MSMS NaSO Na2SO (2:1 (DMSO kg- 100 0.100.6 01006 010 0.1 060 0.6 0.10-0. 503 0.503. 0503 050 0.5 3. 0.50-3 59 1.59. 159 15 90 9. 1.5-9 030 5.030. 5030 5. 300 30. 5.0-30 (fREC 116.6 (CV 29.9 (MRL 144 0.144.1 01441 014 410 4.1 0.14-4. 281003 5.281003.6 52810036 528 5.2 100360 1003.6 5.28-1003. 133 0.133.3 01333 013 333 3.3 0.13-3. 4611 5.4611.5 546115 546 5.4 1156 11.5 5.46-11. (2: 0.100. 0100 01 0. 06 0.10-0 0.503 05 0.50- 1.59 1.5- 03 5.030 5.0-3 116. 29. 0.144. 0144 41 4. 0.14-4 28100 5.281003. 5281003 52 10036 1003. 5.28-1003 0.133. 0133 0.13-3 461 5.4611. 54611 54 115 11. 5.46-11 (2 0.100 0.10- 5.03 5.0- 0.144 0.14- 2810 5.281003 528100 5.28-100 0.133 0.13- 5.4611 5461 5.46-1 ( 281 5.28100 52810 5.28-10 5.461 5.46- 5.2810 5281 5.28-1 5.281 5.28-

Exploring the triacylglycerols composition in milk samples from different ruminant species is crucial for dairy product development. Identifying the fatty acid (FA) composition in human milk is essential and is usually performed using gas chromatography (GC). Heat maps are useful for visualizing these results, aiding in pattern identification and relationships between samples and variables. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides important qualitative and quantitative information about fatty acids (FA). In the present study, we compare the fatty acid composition in samples of HM, cow milk, and goat milk, as well as to demonstrate their positional distribution in triacylglycerols (TAGs). Human milk contains 49.21% saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 34.32% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and 16.47% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including 2.14% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 13.02% linoleic acid (LA). On the other hand, cow and goat milk have higher proportions of SFAs (56.2 and 58.02%, respectively) and MUFAs (40.56 and 40.95%, respectively), but lower amounts of PUFAs (3.24 and 1.03%, respectively), with significantly lower quantities of DHA (0.03 and 0.43%, respectively) and LA (1.46 and 2.76%, respectively). Additionally, fatty acids in ruminant milk mainly consist of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), with oleic acid being the most abundant. development FA (FA GC. GC . (GC) results variables Additionally NMR (NMR FA. study HM TAGs. TAGs (TAGs) 4921 49 21 49.21 SFAs, , (SFAs) 3432 34 32 34.32 MUFA, MUFA (MUFA) 1647 16 47 16.47 PUFA, PUFA (PUFA) 214 2 14 2.14 (DHA 1302 13 02 13.02 LA. (LA) hand 56.2 562 56 (56. 5802 58 58.02% respectively 40.56 4056 40 (40.5 4095 95 40.95% respectively, 3.24 324 3 24 (3.2 103 1 03 1.03% 0.03 003 0 (0.0 043 43 0.43% 1.46 146 46 (1.4 276 76 2.76% respectively. longchain long chain LCFAs, LCFAs (LCFAs) abundant (GC (TAGs 492 4 49.2 (SFAs 343 34.3 (MUFA 164 16.4 (PUFA 2.1 130 13.0 (LA 56. 5 (56 580 58.02 40.5 405 (40. 409 9 40.95 3.2 (3. 10 1.03 0.0 00 (0. 04 0.43 1.4 (1. 27 7 2.76 (LCFAs 49. 34. 16. 2. 13. (5 58.0 40. (40 40.9 3. (3 1.0 0. (0 0.4 1. (1 2.7 ( 58. (4

Abstract Introduction: Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are bioessential micronutrients for plants but can impair the energetic metabolism when present at high levels. Objective: To assess the photosynthetic performance and oxidative damages in Rhizophora mangle L. leaf tissues at low and high concentrations of Fe (74 and 195 mg kg-1; Feleaf) and Mn (65 and 414 mg kg-1; Mnleaf). Methods: Photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf CO2 assimilation and gas exchange and DPPH• radical scavenging capacity were sampled in R. mangle growing in estuarine forests in the North region of Espírito Santo State and the extreme South of Bahia State (Brazil) showing low and high Feleaf and Mnleaf. Results: Effects of high Fe and Mn were not identified on pigment levels. The increase in Feleaf and Mnleaf at the levels observed in this assessment had a positive effect on the number of reaction centers and on the efficiency of the oxygen-evolving complex, evaluated as K-band, while no changes were found in the parameters related to the excitation trapping efficiency at the active center of photosystem II. Distinct interference patterns of Fe and Mn on the functional processes of photosynthesis were identified, especially on CO2 assimilation and reactive oxygen species metabolism, with major effects on CO2 assimilation and carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco at high Mnleaf. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the efficiency of R. mangle in positively regulating the electron transport chain in response to high Fe and Mn, at least in terms of the preservation of structure and functionality of the plant photosynthetic apparatus. Moreover, interference of high Mnleaf in R. mangle occurs at non-stomatal and biochemical levels. There is an antagonistic interference of these trace elements with the physiology of R. mangle, which is a dominant species in Brazilian mangroves.

Resumen Introducción: El hierro (Fe) y el manganeso (Mn) son micronutrientes bioesenciales para las plantas, pero pueden afectar el metabolismo energético cuando están presentes en niveles altos. Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño fotosintético y los daños oxidativos en tejidos foliares de Rhizophora mangle L. a bajas y altas concentraciones de Fe (74 y 195 mg kg-1; Feleaf) y Mn (65 y 414 mg kg-1; Mnleaf). Métodos: Se muestrearon pigmentos fotosintéticos, fluorescencia de clorofila a, asimilación e intercambio de gases de CO2 foliar y capacidad de eliminación de radicales DPPH• en R. mangle que crece en bosques de estuarios en la región Norte del estado de Espírito Santo y el extremo Sur del Estado de Bahía (Brasil) mostrando Feleaf y Mnleaf bajos y altos. Resultados: No se identificaron efectos de niveles elevados de Fe y Mn en los niveles de pigmento. El aumento de Feleaf y Mnleaf en los niveles observados en esta evaluación tuvo un efecto positivo en el número de centros de reacción y en la eficiencia del complejo generador de oxígeno, evaluado como banda K, mientras que no se encontraron cambios en los parámetros relacionados con la eficiencia de atrapamiento de excitación en el centro activo del fotosistema II. Se identificaron distintos patrones de interferencia de Fe y Mn en los procesos funcionales de la fotosíntesis, especialmente en la asimilación de CO2 y el metabolismo de las especies reactivas de oxígeno, con efectos importantes en la asimilación de CO2 y la eficiencia de carboxilación de Rubisco a niveles altos de Mnleaf. Conclusión: Los hallazgos demuestran la eficiencia de R. mangle en la regulación positiva de la cadena de transporte de electrones en respuesta a los altos niveles de Fe y Mn, al menos en términos de preservación de la estructura y funcionalidad del aparato fotosintético de la planta. Además, la interferencia de Mnleaf alto en R. mangle se presenta a niveles no estomáticos y bioquímicos. Hay interferencia antagónica de estos oligoelementos con la fisiología de R. mangle, que es una especie dominante en los manglares brasileños.

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the impact of a high-fat finishing diet on the in vivo performance, anatomical and carcass characteristics, and meat quality of adult culled goats. Over a period of 28 days leading up to slaughter, eighteen adult culled goats were subjected to a finishing diet provided in quantities sufficient to meet 3.0 times the nutritional requirements of adult non-dairy maintenance goats. The female goats were divided into two groups: one fed with the baseline diet without fat supplementation (n = 9) and the other fed a diet concentrated supplemented with whole full-fat linseed (n = 9). The diets varied in fat content (2.8% vs. 8.4% DM). The high-fat group exhibited a higher dry matter intake compared to the control group (+37%), along with elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The control group experienced a significant decrease in daily weight gain between the second and final week of the finishing period (-70%), in contrast to the increase observed in the high-fat group (+59%). At slaughter, no differences were noted between the groups in anatomical and carcass characteristics. Additionally, no differences were found between the diets regarding proximate composition, pH, yellow color component, and lightness of loin. The high-fat group exhibited a higher redness of loin. The inclusion of high-fat levels in finishing diets for culled adult goats allows for increased feed intake and performance but does not appear to affect carcass or meat quality.

Resumo Introdução: O acesso dos homens aos cuidados de saúde sexual é influenciado pelos universos simbólicos dos enfermeiros, que se traduzem em mapas de significação e idealização normativa que estruturam as suas práticas. Objetivo: Analisar as representações sociais dos enfermeiros sobre saúde sexual dos homens considerando as barreiras e as possibilidades no acesso aos cuidados de saúde. Métodos: Estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa. Recolha de dados através de um grupo focal online com 9 enfermeiros portugueses. Os dados foram sujeitos à análise lexicográfica com o apoio da interface IRaMuTeQ-R. Resultados: Análise de 269 segmentos de texto, retendo 84,86% do total para 4 classes: interações entre os profissionais e os homens, itinerários terapêuticos, “falar” sobre saúde sexual e acesso dos homens aos cuidados de saúde sexual. A análise de similitude originou 3 núcleos centrais: problema, dizer e doente. Conclusões: A formação dos profissionais em saúde sexual dos homens para desmistificar estereótipos sobre a masculinidade, é fundamental. A nível organizacional, impõe-se a análise das possibilidades de acesso, a sua visibilidade nos registos eletrónicos, e reequacionar o planeamento e a prestação de cuidados primários e diferenciados.

Abstract Background: Men’s access to sexual health care is influenced by the nurses’ symbolic universes, translated into maps of signification and normative idealization that structure their practices. Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze nurses’ social representations of men’s sexual health, considering the barriers and possibilities in accessing health care. Methods: Descriptive study with qualitative approach. Data were collected through an online focus group with 9 Portuguese nurses. Data were subjected to lexicographic analysis with the support of the interface IRaMuTeQ-R. Results: 269 text segments were analyzed, retaining 84.86% of the total in 4 classes: interactions between professionals and men, therapeutic itineraries, “talking” about sexual health, and men’s access to sexual health care. Similarity analysis led to 3 central cores: problem, saying, and patient. Conclusions: The training of professionals in men’s sexual health to demystify stereotypes about masculinity is fundamental. At the organizational level, it is necessary to analyze the possibilities of access and its visibility in electronic records and rethink the planning and provision of primary and differentiated care.

RESUMO O cobre é um elemento essencial à beterraba, no entanto, é necessário disponibilizá-lo em quantidade adequada uma vez que esse nutriente, que é um metal pesado, pode causar toxicidade às plantas e, ou, ao ser humano. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho agronômico de beterraba fertirrigada com cobre em uma região semiárida do Brasil. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em delineados em blocos casualizados ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 e 6.0 kg ha-1 de cobre) e quatro repetições. Em 2019, o teor de cobre estava dentro da faixa adequada para a beterraba. Em 2021, a fertirrigação com cobre acima de 0.8 kg ha-1 proporcionou teores na faixa de fitotoxicidade, o que pode explicar a redução no acúmulo de massa seca total e de raízes tuberosas. A adubação com cobre aumentou a produtividade comercial em 2019 (17.32 t ha-1 na dose de 3.9 kg ha-1 de cobre) enquanto que, em 2021, não houve modelo ajustado. A adubação alterou o pH da raiz tuberosa, mas não influenciou nos demais atributos de qualidade pós-colheita da raiz tuberosa. Plantas adubadas com cobre acumularam mais cobre nas folhas do que na raiz tuberosa, com máxima acumulada em 2019 e em 2021, na dose 6.0 kg ha-1 de cobre. A adubação com 3.9 kg ha-1 é adequada para solos com baixo teor de cobre. entanto disponibilizálo disponibilizá lo nutriente pesado ou humano Brasil acaso 0, 0 (0 15 1 5 1.5 30 3 3.0 45 4 4. 60 6 6. ha1 ha ha- repetições 2021 08 8 0. fitotoxicidade tuberosas 201 17.32 1732 17 32 (17.3 39 9 3. ajustado tuberosa póscolheita pós colheita ( 1. 202 20 17.3 173 (17. 2 17. (17 (1

ABSTRACT Copper is an essential element for beet; however, it needs to be made available in adequate quantities since this nutrient, which is a heavy metal, can cause toxicity to plants and/or humans. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic performance of beet fertigated with copper in a semi-arid region of Brazil. Two experiments were carried out in complete randomized blocks, with five treatments (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.0, and 6.0 kg ha-1 of copper) and four replicates. In 2019, the copper content was within the adequate range for beet. In 2021, fertigation with copper above 0.8 kg ha-1 led to contents in the phytotoxicity range, which may explain the reduction in total and tuberous root dry mass accumulation. Fertilization with copper increased marketable yield in 2019 (17.32 t ha-1 at the dose of 3.9 kg ha-1 of copper), while, in 2021, there was no fit of the equations. Copper fertilization altered the tuberous root pH but did not influence the other tuberous root quality components. Plants fertilized with copper accumulated more copper in the leaves than in the tuberous root, with a maximum accumulation of 6.0 kg ha-1 of copper in 2019 and 2021. Fertilization with 3.9 kg ha-1 suits soils with low copper content. however nutrient metal andor or humans semiarid semi arid Brazil blocks 0, 0 (0 15 1 5 1.5 30 3 3.0 40 4 4.0 60 6 6. ha1 ha ha- replicates 2021 08 8 0. 201 17.32 1732 17 32 (17.3 39 9 3. copper, , while equations components ( 1. 4. 202 20 17.3 173 (17. 2 17. (17 (1

Resumo Insetos galhadores são abundantes na natureza, encontrados em muitos ecossistemas globalmente, com espécies atacando plantas de importância econômica. Os efeitos de herbívoros de alimentação livre na abundância de insetos galhadores em árvores de Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) no Cerrado brasileiro (Savana) foram estudados. A porcentagem de desfolha e o número de ácaros fitófagos ou de Hemiptera fitófagos correlacionaram-se, negativamente, com a percentagem de folhas galhadas e de adultos do parasitoide Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), respectivamente. Porcentagem de folhas galhadas e o número de Eurytoma sp. adultos e ácaros fitófagos correlacionaram-se, positivamente, com o de aranhas. Os números de ácaros e fitófagos Hemiptera correlacionaram-se, positivamente, com os de joaninhas e Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), respectivamente. O número de adultos de Ablerus magistretti Blanchard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) correlacionou-se, negativamente, com Sycophila sp. O número de Agistemus sp. (Acari: Stigmaeidae) correlacionou-se, negativa e positivamente, com os de joaninhas e ácaros fitófagos, respectivamente. Herbívoros de alimentação livre afetaram a presença de insetos galhadores (Hymenoptera) em árvores de C. brasiliense, competindo por alimento e espaço. O mesmo foi observado entre dois parasitoides de Eurytoma sp., o que pode reduzir o controle biológico natural dessa praga.

Abstract Galling insects are abundant in nature, found in many ecosystems globally, with species attacking plants of economic importance. We studied the effects of free-feeding organisms on the abundance of galling insects on Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) trees in the Brazilian Cerrado (Savanna). Percentage of defoliation and the number of phytophagous mites or number of phytophagous Hemiptera correlated negatively with percentage of galled leaves and the parasitoid Eurytoma sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) adults, respectively. Percentage of galled leaves and the numbers of Eurytoma sp. adults and phytophagous mites correlated positively with spiders. Numbers of mites and Hemiptera phytophagous correlated positively with those of lady beetles and Sycophila sp. (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), respectively. The number of Ablerus magistretti Blanchard (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) adults correlated negatively with Sycophila sp. The number of Agistemus sp. (Acari: Stigmaeidae) correlated, negatively and positively, with those of lady beetles and phytophagous mites, respectively. Free-feeding herbivores affected the presence of galling insects (Hymenoptera) on C. brasiliense trees, competing for food and space. The same was observed between two parasitoids of Eurytoma sp. galling insect, which can reduce the natural biological control of this pest.

Resumo Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 é uma das principais espécies desfolhadoras da cultura da soja. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, é uma bactéria utilizada no controle biológico dessa espécie de praga. Populações resistentes e seus efeitos subletais causados pelo uso da bactéria já foram relatados, no entanto, não há estudos sobre a plasticidade fenotípica na idade adulta exposta a subdoses de bioinseticida à base de Bt. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a morfometria de adultos de A. gemmatalis em condições de laboratório submetidos ao bioinseticida Dipel® ao longo de três gerações. Os segmentos corporais mensuráveis eram largura, comprimento e área das asas anterior e posterior, o peso do tegumento, tórax, abdômen, asas e todo o adulto de machos e fêmeas. Dentre os tratamentos, CL5 na primeira geração e CL10 na segunda geração foram aqueles com limiares mais baixos em relação ao peso do tórax e abdômen, considerando as proporções do corpo menores que as do sexo feminino. O peso da fêmea na idade adulta foi reduzido em 10% em relação aos machos e, apenas na primeira geração. Os machos têm tamanho corporal maior e plasticidade fenotípica mais pronunciada do que as fêmeas. Este estudo demonstra o primeiro estudo avaliando a plasticidade fenotípica de adultos de A. gemmatalis.

Abstract Anticarsia gemmatalis Hünber, 1818 is one of the main defoliating species in the soybean crop. Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, 1915, is a bacterium used in the biological control of this pest species. Resistant populations and their sublethal effects caused by the use of the bacteria have already been reported; however, there are no studies on phenotypic plasticity in adulthood exposed to Bt-based bioinsecticide sub-doses. This study aimed to evaluate the morphometry of A. gemmatalis adults under laboratory conditions submitted to the Bt-based bioinsecticide Dipel® over the three generations. The body segments mensuread were width, length, and area of the anterior and posterior wings, the weight of the integument, chest, abdomen, wings, and the whole adult of males and females. Among the treatments, LC5 in the first generation and LC10 in the second generation were those with lower thresholds in relation to the weight of the chest and abdomen, considering the proportions of the body smaller than the females. The female’s weight adulthood was reduced by 10% about males, and, only in the first generation. Males have larger body size and more pronounced phenotypic plasticity than females. Here, we demonstrate the first study assessing the phenotypic plasticity of A. gemmatalis adults.

Antibiotics can contaminate the environment as a result of improper disposal. The induction of doxycycline in the environment could give rise to lineages of the cucurbit beetle Diabrotica speciosa containing resistant endosymbiotic microorganisms, giving rise to bacterial strains capable of biodegrading these antibiotic residues. This work determined the relationship between the intestinal microbiota of D. speciosa and its ability to biodegrade an antibiotic. Bacterial strains of Enterobacter cloacae and Stenotrophomonas maltophila isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of D. speciosa were evaluated for the biodegradation of doxycycline. An analytical method for the extraction and quantification of doxycycline by high-efficiency liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was developed and applied to monitor the biodegradation rates during bacterial growth for nutrient and nutrient-deficient media, both supplemented with the antibiotic. Degradation kinetics showed a decrease in antibiotic concentration after 96 h in saline medium, with recoveries of 63.1 and 87.7% for E. cloacae and S. maltophilia, respectively. Two degradation products were then identified and characterized from the liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry data after bioassays with E. cloacae. The gastrointestinal tract of insects such as D. speciosa can be a source of useful microbes for biotechnological processes such as the biodegradation of exogenous organic compounds in the environment. disposal microorganisms residues D highefficiency high efficiency chromatographyultraviolet chromatography ultraviolet HPLCUV HPLC UV (HPLC-UV nutrientdeficient deficient media 9 medium 631 63 1 63. 877 87 7 87.7 E S maltophilia respectively chromatographyhigh 6 8 87.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to identify parameters, before the start of the breeding season, that affect the conception rate of precocious Nelore heifers through ultrasonographic ovarian evaluation and evaluation of weight and body condition score (BCS). A total of 407 heifers aged 404±69 days (≈14 months old), weighing 267.1±31.2 kg, and with mean BCS of 3.1±0.5, were used. Heifers were subjected to hormone treatment to induce cyclicity and, 30 days later, to a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) program with three managements. Morphometric measurements of ovaries and ovarian structures were performed by transrectal ultrasonographic evaluation, as well as weighing and evaluation of BCS on D −30 and D0. Conception rate was evaluated 30 days after FTAI. The conception rate of heifers did not vary according to ovary diameter, weight, BCS, and age at first calving. However, heifers with the presence of follicle with a diameter > 6 mm at D −30 and D0 had a higher conception rate at the first FTAI. The presence of a dominant follicle greater than 6 mm at D −30 is an efficient complementary criterion to identify 14-month-old Nelore heifers with greater ability to conceive at the first FTAI before the breeding season. Antral follicle count performed on D −30 is not a good tool to predict fertility at the first FTAI, and the weight may not be a limiter to select heifers under good nutritional and health management. parameters season BCS. . (BCS) 40 40469 404 69 404±6 ≈14 14 (≈1 old, old , old) 2671312 267 1 31 2 267.1±31. kg 3105 3 0 5 3.1±0.5 used later fixedtime fixed time (FTAI managements −3 calving However 14monthold monthold month management (BCS 4 4046 404± ≈1 (≈ 267131 26 267.1±31 310 3.1±0. − ≈ ( 26713 267.1±3 3.1±0 2671 267.1± 3.1± 267.1 3.1 267. 3.

Abstract In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the use of natural feed additives in animal feed. These can be used as replacements for antibiotics, to alter rumen fermentation and increase feed efficiency in ruminants. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of adding different feed additives in the diet of beef and dairy cattle on their performance, dry matter intake (DMI) and feed efficiency, through a systematic review followed by meta-analysis. The systematic review suggested 43 peer-reviewed publications, according to the pre-established criteria. In beef cattle, the ionophore antibiotics reduced the DMI, improved the feed efficiency without interfering in the average daily gain (ADG). Non-ionophore antibiotics and propolis extract increased the ADG. In dairy cattle, the ionophores, yeast-based additives, and enzyme additives increased the feed efficiency, DMI, and daily milk production (MY), respectively. Essential oil supplementation in beef and dairy cattle had no effect on the feed intake and animal performance. The systematic review and meta-analysis allowed us to conclude that different feed additives have different effects on cattle performance, however, our results suggest that there are a few gaps regarding their effects on animal performance. years ruminants Therefore performance DMI (DMI metaanalysis. metaanalysis meta analysis. analysis 4 peerreviewed peer reviewed publications preestablished pre established criteria ADG . (ADG) Nonionophore Non ionophores yeastbased yeast based MY, MY , (MY) respectively however (ADG (MY

Resumo Neste estudo o objetivo foi realizar a análise fitoquímica, determinar a toxicidade, e avaliar as atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana dos extratos da folha da Dipteryx alata Vogel, uma espécie nativa da flora do cerrado brasileiro. Three extracts were prepared using assisted ultrasound and the Soxhlet apparatus, namely, Crude Ultrasound Extract (UCE), Crude Soxhlet Extract (SCE), and the Ethanol Soxhlet Extract (SEE). A análise fitoquímica identificou a presença de flavonoides, taninos, fitoesteróis e saponinas em todos os extratos; alcaloides foram identificados nos extratos SCE e SEE. Na análise using LC-DAD os compostos ácido gálico, rutina, quercetina, luteolina e kampefrol foram determinados em maior concentração no SCE, seguido pelo SEE e UCE, respectivamente. Já a análise by GC-MS revelou a presença de campesterol, estigmasterol e β-sitosterol em todos os extratos, sendo que o UCE e o SCE apresentaram maior concentração de β-sitosterol. O SCE apresentou a maior concentração de todos os compostos identificados. Na análise da atividade antioxidante por DPPH• e ABTS•+, o SEE apresentou maior eficiência (IC50 = 2,98 ± 2,92 e 6,57 ± 0,89 μg/mL, respectivamente). No teste de toxicidade com Allium cepa, todos os extratos estimularam o crescimento radicular na concentração de 50 g/mL; UCE e SEE estimularam o crescimento radicular a 250 g/mL; e o SEE inibiu o crescimento radicular a 750 g/mL. Na análise de toxicidade usando Artemia salina, todos os extratos foram atóxicos. Foi identificada atividade antibacteriana nos microrganismos S. aureus e S. mutans; entretanto, os extratos não apresentaram ação antifúngica contra a cepa de C. albicans. Os extratos da D. alata apresentam potencial terapêutico para aplicabilidade em odontologia. Vogel brasileiro apparatus namely , (UCE) (SCE) . (SEE) flavonoides taninos LCDAD LC DAD gálico rutina quercetina respectivamente GCMS GC MS campesterol βsitosterol β sitosterol βsitosterol. sitosterol. DPPH ABTS ABTS•+ IC50 IC (IC5 298 2 98 2,9 292 92 657 6 57 6,5 089 0 89 0,8 μgmL μg mL μg/mL respectivamente) 5 g/mL gmL g 25 75 salina atóxicos S mutans entretanto C albicans D odontologia (UCE (SCE (SEE ABTS• IC5 (IC 29 9 2, 65 6, 08 8 0, 7

Abstract In this study, our objective was to conduct a comprehensive phytochemical analysis, determine toxicity levels, and assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of extracts derived from the leaves of Dipteryx alata Vogel, a native species of the Brazilian cerrado flora. Three distinct extracts were prepared utilizing assisted ultrasound and the Soxhlet apparatus, namely, Ultrasound Crude Extract (UCE), Soxhlet Crude Extract (SCE), and the Soxhlet Ethanol Extract (SEE). The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phytosterols, and saponins in all extracts. Additionally, alkaloids were specifically identified in the SCE and SEE extracts. In the analysis using LC-DAD, the compounds gallic acid, rutin, quercetin, luteolin and kampefrol were determined in higher concentrations in the SCE, followed by the SEE and UCE, respectively. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of campesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol in all extracts, with UCE and SCE showing a higher concentration of β-sitosterol. SCE showed the highest concentration of all identified compounds. In the analysis of antioxidant activity by DPPH• and ABTS•+, SEE showed greater efficiency (IC50 = 2.98 ± 2.92 and 6.57 ± 0.89 μg/mL, respectively). In the toxicity test with Allium cepa, all extracts stimulated root growth at 50 g/mL; UCE and SEE stimulated root growth at 250 g/mL; and SEE inhibited root growth at 750 g/mL. In the Artemia salina toxicity, all extracts were non-toxic. Antibacterial activity was identified in the microorganisms S. aureus and S. mutans; however, the extracts did not show antifungal action against the strain of C. albicans. The extracts of D. alata have therapeutic potential for applicability in dentistry. study levels Vogel flora apparatus namely , (UCE) (SCE) SEE. . (SEE) flavonoids tannins phytosterols Additionally LCDAD, LCDAD LC DAD, DAD LC-DAD acid rutin quercetin respectively GCMS GC MS campesterol βsitosterol β sitosterol βsitosterol. sitosterol. DPPH ABTS ABTS•+ IC50 IC (IC5 298 2 98 2.9 292 92 657 6 57 6.5 089 0 89 0.8 μgmL μg mL μg/mL respectively) cepa 5 g/mL gmL g 25 75 nontoxic. nontoxic non toxic. toxic non-toxic S mutans however C albicans D dentistry (UCE (SCE (SEE ABTS• IC5 (IC 29 9 2. 65 6. 08 8 0. 7