ABSTRACT The flood pulse of black water rivers in the Amazon basin determines the composition of species along the flood gradient in igapó forests. The Balbina dam, built on the Uatumã River, has altered the flood pulse and caused changes in the floristic composition of adult trees throughout the downstream area. There is a lack of studies on how communities of seedlings in igapó forests respond to changes in the flood pulse. This study investigates the response of seedling communities in the igapó forest downstream the Balbina dam and compares it with two pristine areas. The areas were sampled with transects of 1x25 m within 36 plots (25x25 m) along the flood gradient. Richness and dominance were calculated by simple regression and ordination analyses. The pristine areas had the same pattern of richness, dominance and genera distribution along the flood gradient. However, the affected Uatumã area formed different groups of genera by NMDS analysis, which divided them along the flood gradient with significantly increased dominance of three genera. The insertion of the Balbina dam resulted a loss of lateral and longitudinal connectivity for the Uatumã River, and the alteration to seedling communities may alter the future landscape of downstream igapó forests.

RESUMO O Consenso Brasileiro de Nutrição em Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoiéticas: Idoso foi elaborado com a participação de nutricionistas, médicos nutrólogos e médicos hematologistas de 15 centros brasileiros referência em transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas, com o objetivo de salientar a importância do estado nutricional e da composição corporal durante o tratamento, bem como as principais características relacionadas à avaliação nutricional do paciente. As intenções, ao se estabelecer o consenso, foram aprimorar e padronizar a terapia nutricional durante o transplante de células-tronco hematopoiéticas. O consenso foi aprovado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Transplante de Médula Óssea.

ABSTRACT The Brazilian Nutritional Consensus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Elderly was elaborated by nutritionists, nutrologists and hematologists physicians from 15 Brazilians reference centers in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, in order to emphasize the importancy of nutritional status and the body composition during the treatment, as well as the main characteristics related to patient’s nutritional assessment. Establishing the consensus, we intended to improve and standardize the nutritional therapy during the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The Consensus was approved by the Brazilian Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation.

RESUMO Fragmentos naturais constituem importante fonte de recursos para o manejo e conservação da flora local. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito da fragmentação sobre a estrutura e a composição das comunidades de plantas de fragmentos florestais (FF), em Alter do Chão, na Amazônia oriental brasileira. Foram amostrados 25 sítios em FF e nove em floresta contínua (CF). Analisamos a diferença na densidade de plantas e na riqueza de espécies entre FF e CF por teste-t, e na composição por análise de agrupamento. Utilizou-se regressão linear para avaliar o efeito do tamanho dos fragmentos e distância à CF sobre a área basal e diâmetro. Os indivíduos com DAP ≥1,27 cm foram medidos em parcelas de 2x250 m. Foram registrados 17.078 indivíduos, 75,32% nos FF e 24,68% na CF, distribuídos em 475 espécies, 216 gêneros e 64 famílias. As famílias Myrtaceae e Fabaceae foram as mais abundantes em ambos FF e CF. A riqueza média diferiu significativamente entre FF e CF. As 20 espécies com maior valor de importância foram semelhantes nos FF e CF. O diâmetro médio nos FF e CF foi semelhante, sugerindo tratar-se em ambos casos de florestas "maduras" compostas por indivíduos finos. O diâmetro médio e a área basal total mostraram relação negativa com a distância à CF e área dos fragmentos, respectivamente. A análise de similaridade revelou dois grupos, um deles composto exclusivamente por fragmentos. Composicionalmente, os fragmentos diferiram da floresta contínua, sendo estruturalmente semelhantes entre si, evidenciando distribuição diamétrica semelhante à das florestas primárias.

ABSTRACT Natural fragments are an important source of richness for the management and conservation of a local flora. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fragmentation on the structure and composition of the plant communities of forest fragments (FF) in Alter do Chão, eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The study sample consisted of 25 FF and nine continuous forest (CF) sites. We compared plant density and species richness between site categories by t-tests, analyzed the differences in composition by cluster analysis, and assessed the effect of fragment size and distance to CF on the basal area and diameter of FF assemblages by linear regression. Individual trees and shrubs with DBH ≥1.27 cm were measured in 2x250 m plots. 17,078 individuals were recorded - 75.32% in FF and 24.68% in CF, comprising 475 species, 216 genera and 64 families. Myrtaceae and Fabaceae were the most abundant families in both FF and CF. Average species richness in FF and CF was statistically different. The 20 species with the highest importance values were similar in FF and CF. The average plant diameter was similar in FF and CF, suggesting that both are "mature" forests composed of thin individuals. Average diameter and total basal area showed a negative relationship with distance to CF and fragment area, respectively. Similarity analysis revealed two groups, one composed exclusively of portions of fragmented forest. Fragments and continuous forest differed in species composition, but were similar in structure. Diameter distribution in fragments was similar to that of primary forests.

Sexual dimorphism is a key role for forensic anthropology. It allows ascertaining the sex of certain biological discoveries. By postmortem studies it is possible to establish a profile of individuals. This profile allows the identification in cases where bodies are skeletonized. Several bones present dimorphism and have been studied to increase approach for forensic identification. This study morphometrically evaluated the scapula bone and compared the measurements between scapula bone of female and male cadavers. Sixty parts were utilized in this experiment. All cadavers belonged to the Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco. The scapula bones were photographed and measured through software ImageJ®. Eight parameters of measurements were considered: scapula height (SH), distance between basis and spine (DBSp), scapula width (SW), spine width (SpW), acromion-coracoid width (ACW) and scapula body width at 2 (L2), 4 (L4) and 6 (L6) cm of the lower angle. The median morphometric values for the male scapulas were: SH - 15,143±1,144; DBSp - 7,94±0,61; SW - 10,24±0,65; SpW - 14,01±0,81; ACW - 9,06±0,58; L2 - 4,40±0, 54; L4 - 5, 51 ± 0, 67; L6 - 6, 70±0, 71. The median morphometric numbers for the female scapulas were: SH - 13, 26±0, 79; DBSp - 6, 96±0,47; SW-9, 08±0,50; SW - 12,43±0,69; ACW-7, 79±0,55/L2 - 3,83±0,39; L4 4,97±0,41; L6 - 6,29±0,45. All parameters measured showed values significantly higher (p < 0.05) for the male's scapula. The scapula is a bone sexually dimorphic and can potentially be used in forensic investigations. Consequently this data presents the need of more studies utilizing this bone for personal identification in other populations as well. Thus the results of these studies can be useful in cases where other methods are not applicable, increasing the range of options in forensic investigation.

El dimorfismo sexual es una función clave para la antropología forense. Permite determinar el sexo de ciertos descubrimientos biológicos. Para estudios post mortem, es posible establecer el perfil de los individuos. Este perfil permite la identificación de los cuerpos en el caso que sean solo esqueletos. Varios huesos presentaron dimorfismo y fueron estudiados para aumentar el enfoque en la identificación forense. Este estudio evaluó morfométricamente la escápula y se compararon las mediciones entre la escápula de cadáveres femeninos y masculinos. Se utilizaron 60 piezas en esta investigación. Todos los cadáveres pertenecían al Departamento de Morfología y Fisiología Animal de la Universidad Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Los huesos fueron fotografiados y se midieron a través del software ImageJ®. Se consideraron ocho parámetros de las mediciones: altura de la escápula (SH), distancia entre la columna vertebral y la cavidad glenoidea (DBSP), ancho de la escápula (SW), ancho de la columna vertebral (SpW), distancia entre acromion y proceso coracoides (ACW) y ancho del cuerpo de la escápula a 2 (L2), 4 (L4) y 6 (L6) cm del ángulo inferior de la escápula. Los valores morfométricos de la mediana para las escápulas de los hombres fueron: SH - 15.143 ± 1.144; DBSP - 7,94 ± 0,61; SW - 10,24 ± 0,65; SpW - 14,01 ± 0,81; ACW - 9,06 ± 0,58; L2 - 4,40 ± 0,54; L4 - 5,51 ± 0,67; L6 - 6,70 ± 0,71. La mediana de las características morfométricas de las escápulas de las mujeres fueron: SH - 13,26 ± 0,79; DBSP - 6,96 ± 0,47; SW - 9,08 ± 0,50; SW - 12,43 ± 0,69; ACW - 7,79 ± 0,55 / L2 - 3,83 ± 0,39; L4 4,97 ± 0,41; L6 - 6,29 ± 0,45. Todos los parámetros medidos mostraron valores significativamente mayores (p <0,05) para la escápula de los hombres. La escápula es un hueso que presenta dimorfismo sexual y puede ser utilizado en investigaciones forenses. En consecuencia, estos datos sugieren la necesidad de realizar más estudios de este hueso para la identificación en otras poblaciones. Los resultados de este estudio pueden ser útiles en aquellos casos en los que otros métodos no puedan aplicarse, debido a que presentan mayores opciones para la investigación forense.

The present study reconstructs the paleovegetation of a varzea (seasonally flooded) forest in the central parts of the Madeira River floodplain in Brazil using palynological data. Forty-nine cut-bank sediment samples from the Madeira River were processed in the study; from these, ten samples contained pollen: two contained pollen from the Middle Pleniglacial age, one contained pollen from the Tardiglacial age, six contained pollen from the Holocene, and one contained more recently deposited pollen. The Middle Pleniglacial pollen belonged to a primary succession varzea forest, while the Tardiglacial pollen represented a late succession varzea forest. On the other hand, the three Holocene samples showed the characteristic composition of chavascal (water-logged forest) or lacustrine varzea forest, and three samples belonged to a late succession varzea forest. The most recent pollen deposit represented a secondary succession varzea forest. This paleovegetation showed a typical mosaic distribution, which may be explained by the fluvial dynamics, high species richness and diversity in the varzea forest, and the presence of dominant species.