Abstract Betanin is a natural pigment belonging to the group of betalains with vasoconstrictive properties. This study investigated the underlying mechanism involved in the vasoconstrictive effect of betanin in rat aorta. Betanin enhanced the contractile response in aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine. In aortic preparations under resting tonus, betanin induced potent and sustained contractions. The contractile effect of betanin was increased in endothelium-denuded aortic rings, while treatment of endothelium-intact preparations with the alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist prazosin abolished the contractile effects of betanin. In the presence of verapamil, the contractile effects of betanin were decreased, and they were abolished under Ca 2+ -free solution. Vasoconstriction was not affected by treatment with yohimbine and guanethidine. Betanin partially restored the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effect induced by acetylcholine, a response that was blunted in aortic rings treated with baicalin, an inhibitor of the nitric oxide (NO) - cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) - protein kinase G (PKG) pathway. In conclusion, the vasoconstrictive effects of betanin likely involve alpha-1 adrenoceptors and are dependent on endothelial modulation. properties aorta phenylephrine tonus contractions endotheliumdenuded endothelium denuded endotheliumintact intact alpha1adrenergic alphaadrenergic alpha 1 adrenergic verapamil decreased 2 free solution guanethidine endotheliumdependent acetylcholine baicalin NO (NO cGMP (cGMP PKG (PKG pathway conclusion alpha1 alpha- modulation

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a neglected zoonosis caused by parasites of Leishmania spp. The main drug used to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the antimoniate of meglumine. This drug, which has strong adverse and toxic effects, is usually administered intravenously, further complicating the difficult treatment. Factors such as Leishmania gene expression and genomic mutations appear to play a role in the development of drug resistance. OBJECTIVES This systematic review summarises the results of the literature evaluating parasite genetic markers possibly associated with resistance to pentavalent antimony in CL. METHODS This study followed PRISMA guidelines and included articles from PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases. Inclusion criteria were studies that (i) investigated mutations in the genome and/or changes in gene expression of Leishmania associated with treatment resistance; (ii) used antimony drugs in the therapy of CL; (iii) used naturally resistant strains isolated from patients. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist was used to assess article quality and risk of bias. FINDINGS A total of 23 articles were selected, of which 18 investigated gene expression and nine genomic mutations. Of these 23 articles, four examined gene expression and genomic mutations in the same samples. Regarding gene expression, genes from the ABC transporter protein family, AQP1, MRPA, TDR1 and TRYR were most frequently associated with drug resistance. In one of the articles in which mutations were investigated, a mutation was found in HSP70 (T579A) and in three articles mutations were found in AQP1 (A516C, G562A and G700A). A limitation of this review is that in most of the included studies, parasites were isolated from cultured lesion samples and drug resistance was assessed using in vitro drug susceptibility testing. These approaches may not be ideal for accurate genetic evaluation and detection of treatment failure. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The development of further studies to evaluate the genetic resistance factors of Leishmania spp. is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of the parasite and improve patient treatment and infection control. spp CL (CL meglumine effects intravenously PubMed SciELO databases i (i andor or ii (ii iii (iii patients bias 2 selected 1 family AQP MRPA TDR HSP HSP7 T579A TA T (T579A A516C, A516C AC C (A516C GA G G700A. G700A . G700A) testing failure control

Abstract Nucleotide excision repair pathway (NER) is an essential mechanism for single-strand breaks (SSB) repair while xeroderma pigmentosum family (XPA to XPG) is the most important system to NER. Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a heterogeneous hematological cancer characterized by cytopenias and risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) transformation. MDS pathogenesis has been associated with problems of DNA repair system. This report aimed to evaluate NER polymorphisms (XPA rs1800975, XPC rs2228000, XPD rs1799793 and XPF rs1800067) in 269 MDS patients of different populations in Latin America (173 Brazilian and 96 Argentinean). Genotypes were identified in DNA samples by RT-qPCR using TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay. Regarding rs1799793 polymorphism of XPD for Brazilian population, the heterozygous genotype AG presented a high odds ratio (OR) to have a normal karyotype (p= 0.012, OR=3.000) and the mutant homozygous genotype AA was associated to a high OR of AML transformation (p= 0.034, OR=7.4). In Argentine population, the homozygous mutant AA genotype of rs1800975 polymorphism of XPA was associated with an increased odd to have hemoglobin levels below 8g/dL (p= 0.013, OR=10.000) while for the rs1799793 polymorphism of XPD, the heterozygous AG genotype decreased OR to be classified as good (p< 0.001, OR=9.05 × 10−10), and intermediate (p< 0.001, OR=3.08 × 10−10), according to Revised-International Prognostic Scoring System. Regarding the rs1800067 polymorphisms of XPF, the homozygous mutant AA genotype showed a decreased OR to be classified as good (p< 0.001, OR=4.03 × 10−13) and intermediate (p< 0.001, OR=2.54 × 10−13). Our report reinforces the heterogeneity of MDS and demonstrates the importance of ethnic differences and regional influences in pathogenesis and prognosis of MDS. (NER singlestrand single strand SSB (SSB XPG (MDS (AML rs rs2228000 rs179979 26 173 (17 9 Argentinean. Argentinean . Argentinean) RTqPCR RT qPCR Assay population (OR p= p (p 0012 0 012 0.012 OR=3.000 OR3000 3 000 0034 034 0.034 OR=7.4. OR74 OR=7.4 7 4 OR=7.4) rs180097 8gdL gdL 8g dL g 0013 013 0.013 OR=10.000 OR10000 10 p< 0001 001 0.001 OR905 05 OR=9.0 10−10, 1010 10−10 , 10−10) OR308 08 OR=3.0 RevisedInternational Revised International System rs180006 OR403 03 OR=4.0 10−13 1013 13 OR254 2 54 OR=2.5 10−13. rs222800 rs17997 17 (1 01 0.01 OR=3.00 OR300 00 003 0.03 OR7 OR=7. rs18009 OR=10.00 OR1000 1 0.00 OR90 OR=9. 101 10−1 OR30 OR=3. rs18000 OR40 OR=4. OR25 5 OR=2. rs22280 rs1799 ( 0.0 OR=7 rs1800 OR=10.0 OR100 OR9 OR=9 10− OR3 OR=3 OR4 OR=4 OR2 OR=2 rs2228 rs179 0. OR= rs180 OR=10. OR10 rs222 rs17 rs18 OR=10 OR1 rs22 rs1 OR=1 rs2

How are the subjects of energy and energy justice discussed within multilateral forums? Given the significance of this subject and the disparities among nations, examining how energy-related matters are addressed in intergovernmental arenas reveals how governments manage the implications of inequalities in basic needs, such as energy. To investigate the phenomenon, we monitored how the seven categories identified in the literature – ‘Efficiency’, ‘Access to Energy’, ‘Renewable Energies’, ‘Capacity Building’, ‘Research and Development’, ‘Technology Transfer’, and ‘Financing’ – were evoked in multilateral discussions. Specifically, we used the ‘UN General Assembly Sponsorship Dataset’ to identify, through content analysis, 59 draft resolutions that mentioned these energy themes between 2000 and 2020. We analyzed this corpus and detailed the themes, their combination, and the most involved countries. Through cluster analysis and correspondence analysis, we identified three major groups of themes, ‘Access to energy’, ‘Technology’ and ‘Energy Transition’, while ‘Capacity Building’ appeared as a cross-cutting issue. We also identified that large multilateral groups were an important factor driving engagement with the topic, as G77 members, and specially those pertaining to Central and South Asia, were among the most active players. forums nations energyrelated related needs phenomenon ‘Efficiency, Efficiency ‘Efficiency , ‘Efficiency’ Access Energy, Energy Energy’ Renewable Energies, Energies Energies’ Capacity Building, Building Research Development, Development Development’ Technology Transfer, Transfer Transfer’ ‘Financing Financing discussions Specifically UN Dataset identify 5 200 2020 combination countries energy, energy’ Transition, Transition Transition’ crosscutting cross cutting issue topic G G7 members Asia players 20 202 2

Thermo-responsive copolymers grafted with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm) are excellent candidates for drug release. Dextran sulfate (DS) acts as a specific ligand in inflamed regions, turning it highly useful as a target for drug delivery. DS was associated with NIPAm to produce amphiphilic graft copolymers prepared via free radicals. The molar ratio of feed reagents NIPAm/DS varied from 1 (DS-g-PNIPAm) to 4 (DS-g-4PNIPAm). The synthesis was confirmed by spectroscopic techniques (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)). All copolymers showed self-organization capacity in an aqueous medium in temperatures higher than 34 °C, and sizes less than 300 nm. DS-g-3PNIPAm exhibited stability in water and in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed their spherical shape. This copolymer showed specificity to leukemic cells, and normal cells’ proliferation. Methotrexate (MTX) is a very low water-soluble drug used for rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. Unfortunately, MTX have severe collateral effects. MTX-loaded nanoparticles can overcome such issues as well as enhance bioactivity and stability. The MTX was encapsulated and delivered from the DS-g-3PNIPAm with potential target delivery due to the presence of DS. Comparison with MTX encapsulated in other nanoparticles reveals that the DS-g-PNIPam presents the best performance among the thermo-responsive and the second among the target MTX nanocarriers. Thermoresponsive Thermo responsive Nisopropylacrylamide N isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm release (DS regions radicals NIPAmDS DSgPNIPAm g PNIPAm (DS-g-PNIPAm DSg4PNIPAm. DSg4PNIPAm 4PNIPAm . (DS-g-4PNIPAm) Fourier FTIR (FTIR NMR. NMR (NMR)) selforganization self organization 3 C °C 30 nm DSg3PNIPAm 3PNIPAm 74 7 7.4 shape cells proliferation (MTX watersoluble soluble cancer Unfortunately effects MTXloaded loaded DSgPNIPam PNIPam thermoresponsive thermo nanocarriers DSg (DS-g-4PNIPAm (NMR) 7. (NMR

Abstract Background The association between exaggerated systolic blood pressure response to exercise (ESBPRE) and myocardial ischemia is controversial and little studied in patients with established or suspected chronic coronary syndrome. Objective To verify the relationship between myocardial ischemia and ESBPRE in patients undergoing exercise stress echocardiography (ESE). Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 14,367 patients undergoing ESE, from January 2000 to January 2022, divided into the following 2 groups: G1, composed of patients whose peak systolic pressure increased ≥ 90 mmHg (value corresponding to the 95th percentile of the study population), and G2, patients who did not demonstrate an exaggerated hypertensive response. The groups were compared using Student’s t and chi-square tests. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. Logistic regression was also performed to identify independent risk factors for myocardial ischemia, ESBPRE, complaints of typical chest pain prior to the exam, and angina during the test. Results Of the 14,367 patients, 1,500 (10.4%) developed ESBPRE, and 7,471 (52.0%) were female. The percentages of previous complaints of typical chest pain, angina during the test, and myocardial ischemia in patients with ESBPRE were 5.8%, 2.4% and 18.1%, compared to 7.4%, 3.9%, and 24.2%, in patients without ESBPRE, respectively (p = 0.021,p = 0.004, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, ESBPRE was independently associated with a lower probability of myocardial ischemia (odds ratio: 0.73; 95% confidence interval: 0.58 to 0.93; p = 0.009). Conclusion Exaggerated increase in systolic blood pressure during ESE may be a marker for excluding myocardial ischemia. (ESBPRE syndrome ESE. . (ESE) crosssectional cross sectional 14367 14 367 14,36 200 2022 G1 G 9 value th population, population , population) G2 Students Student s chisquare chi square tests 005 0 05 0.0 significant exam test 1500 1 500 1,50 10.4% 104 10 4 (10.4% 7471 7 471 7,47 52.0% 520 52 (52.0% female 58 5 8 5.8% 24 2.4 181 18 18.1% 74 7.4% 39 3 3.9% 242 24.2% 0021p 021 0004 004 0.004 0.001. 0001 0.001 001 0.001) analysis odds ratio 0.73 073 73 95 interval 058 0.5 0.93 093 93 0.009. 0009 0.009 009 0.009) (ESE 1436 36 14,3 20 202 00 0. 150 50 1,5 10.4 (10.4 747 47 7,4 52.0 (52.0 5.8 2. 18.1 7.4 3.9 24.2 02 000 0.00 0.7 07 0.9 09 143 14, 15 1, 10. (10. 7, 52. (52. 5. 18. 7. 3. 24. (10 (52 (1 (5 (

Resumo Fundamento A associação entre resposta exagerada da pressão arterial sistólica ao exercício (REPASE) e isquemia miocárdica é controversa e pouco estudada em indivíduos com síndrome coronariana crônica estabelecida ou suspeita. Objetivo Verificar a relação entre isquemia miocárdica e REPASE em indivíduos submetidos à ecocardiografia sob estresse físico (EEF). Métodos Trata-se de estudo transversal com 14.367 indivíduos submetidos à EEF, de janeiro de 2000 a janeiro de 2022, divididos em dois grupos: G1 – composto por pacientes cuja pressão sistólica de pico apresentou incremento ≥ 90 mmHg (valor correspondente ao percentil 95 da população estudada) –, e G2 – formado por indivíduos que não apresentaram resposta hipertensiva exagerada. Os grupos foram comparados mediante os testes t de Student e qui-quadrado. Foram considerados significativos os valores de p < 0,05. Realizou-se, também, regressão logística para identificação de fatores de risco independentes para isquemia miocárdica, REPASE, queixa de precordialgia típica prévia ao exame e angina durante o teste. Resultados Dos 14.367 pacientes, 1.500 (10,4%) desenvolveram REPASE e 7.471 (52,0%) eram do sexo feminino. Os percentuais de queixa prévia de precordialgia típica, angina durante o teste e isquemia miocárdica dos pacientes com REPASE foram de 5,8%, 2,4% e 18,1% contra 7,4%, 3,9% e 24,2%, em indivíduos sem REPASE, respectivamente (p = 0,021, p = 0,004, p < 0,001). Na análise multivariada, a REPASE foi associada, independentemente, a uma menor probabilidade de isquemia miocárdica (odds ratio: 0,73; intervalo de confiança de 95%: 0,58 a 0,93; p = 0,009). Conclusão O incremento exagerado da pressão arterial sistólica durante a EEF pode ser um marcador de exclusão de isquemia miocárdica. (REPASE suspeita EEF. . (EEF) Tratase Trata se 14367 14 367 14.36 200 2022 G 9 valor quiquadrado. quiquadrado qui quadrado. quadrado qui-quadrado 005 0 05 0,05 Realizouse, Realizouse Realizou se, Realizou-se também 1500 1 500 1.50 10,4% 104 10 4 (10,4% 7471 7 471 7.47 52,0% 520 52 (52,0% feminino 58 5 8 5,8% 24 2 2,4 181 18 18,1 74 7,4% 39 3 3,9 242 24,2% 0021 021 0,021 0004 004 0,004 0,001. 0001 0,001 001 0,001) multivariada associada independentemente odds ratio 0,73 073 73 95% 058 0,5 0,93 093 93 0,009. 0009 0,009 009 0,009) (EEF 1436 36 14.3 20 202 00 0,0 150 50 1.5 10,4 (10,4 747 47 7.4 52,0 (52,0 5,8 2, 18, 7,4 3, 24,2 002 02 0,02 000 0,00 0,7 07 0, 0,9 09 143 14. 15 1. 10, (10, 7. 52, (52, 5, 7, 24, (10 (52 (1 (5 (

Abstract Intense soil preparation and disturbance in crops, over time, reduces the quantity and quality of soil organic matter. Given this context, this work aimed to determine soil carbon stocks and labile fractions under agroforestry system (AFS) and toposequences in an altitude marsh, Taquaritinga do Norte, Pernambuco, Brazil. The study was carried out at the Yaguara farm, and the areas studied were native forest with 4.57 ha and coffee plantation in shade with native forest with 25.59 ha. Soil samples were collected in four trenches measuring 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.60 m, with a distance of 50 meters. Soils were collected at depths of 0-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm, followed by chemical, physical and density analyzes to determine soil carbon stocks and labile fractions. The area with shaded coffee showed higher values of soil carbon stocks at depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. At a depth of 40-60 cm, the AFS top toposequence showed the highest carbon stock with 11.73 Mg ha-1, followed by the area with native vegetation with 10.6 Mg ha-1, slope with 9.23 Mg ha-1 and pediment with 7.00 Mg ha-1. It was found that the top toposequence with shaded coffee exhibited a greater stock of labile carbon at depth 0-20 cm with a value of 1.06 Mg ha-1, followed by the bedding areas (SAF) with 0.88 Mg ha-1, native forest with 0.79 Mg ha-1 and slope with 0.67 g kg-1. However, the area of native vegetation showed the highest value of labile carbon at a depth of 40-60 cm. It was concluded that the area with shaded coffee in the top toposequence showed great capacity to increase total carbon stocks and labile carbon stocks of soil organic matter. crops time matter context (AFS marsh Norte Pernambuco Brazil farm 457 4 57 4.5 2559 25 59 25.5 15 1 5 1. 060 0 60 0.6 m meters 020, 020 20, 20 2040 40 20-4 4060 40-6 chemical 0-2 1173 11 73 11.7 ha1, ha1 1, 106 10 6 10. 923 9 23 9.2 ha- 700 7 00 7.0 ha1. 06 1.0 SAF (SAF 088 88 0.8 079 79 0.7 067 67 kg1. kg1 kg kg-1 However 45 4. 255 2 25. 0. 02 204 20- 406 40- 0- 117 11. 92 9. 70 7. 08 8 07 kg-

Resumo O intenso preparo e revolvimento do solo em cultivos, com o tempo, reduz a quantidade e a qualidade da matéria orgânica do solo. Diante desse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar os estoques de carbono do solo e frações lábeis sob sistema agroflorestal (SAF) e topossequências em brejo de altitude, em Taquaritinga do Norte, Pernambuco, Brasil. O estudo foi desenvolvido na fazenda Yaguara, e as áreas estudadas foram mata nativa com 4,57 ha e plantio de café sombreado com mata nativa com 25,59 ha. As amostras de solos foram coletadas em quatro trincheiras 1,5 x 1,5 x 0,60 m, com distância de 50 metros. Foram coletados solos nas profundidades de 0-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm, seguido de análises químicas, físicas e densidade para determinação dos estoques de carbono no solo e frações lábeis. A área com café sombreado apresentou maiores valores de estoques de carbono no solo nas profundidades de 0-20 cm e 20-40 cm. Na profundidade de 40-60 cm, a topossequência de topo do SAF apresentou maior estoque de carbono com 11,73 Mg ha-1, seguido da área com vegetação nativa com 10,6 Mg ha-1 , encosta com 9,23 Mg ha-1 e pedimento com 7,00 Mg ha-1. Verificou-se que a topossequência de topo com café sombreado exibiu maior estoque de carbono lábil na profundidade 0-20 cm com o valor de 1,06 Mg ha-1, sucedido das áreas de pedimento (SAF) com 0,88 Mg ha-1, mata nativa com 0,79 Mg ha-1e encosta com 0,67 Mg ha-1. No entanto, a área de vegetação nativa apresentou o maior valor de carbono lábil na profundidade de 40-60 cm. Concluiu-se que a área com café sombreado na topossequência topo mostrou grande capacidade para elevar os estoques de carbono total e estoques de carbono lábil da matéria orgânica do solo. cultivos tempo contexto (SAF altitude Norte Pernambuco Brasil Yaguara 457 4 57 4,5 2559 25 59 25,5 15 1 5 1, 060 0 60 0,6 m metros 020, 020 20, 20 2040 40 20-4 4060 40-6 químicas 0-2 1173 11 73 11,7 ha1, ha1 106 10 6 10, ha- 923 9 23 9,2 700 7 00 7,0 ha1. 1. Verificouse Verificou se 06 1,0 088 88 0,8 079 79 0,7 ha1e hae 1e 067 67 entanto Concluiuse Concluiu 45 4, 255 2 25, 0, 02 204 20- 406 40- 0- 117 11, 92 9, 70 7, 08 8 07

ABSTRACT Hydrogels have potential as soil conditioners due to their high capacity to retain water and mitigate soil salinity. However, investigations under saline conditions are necessary because there are losses in both water absorption and salinity mitigation depending on the composition of hydrogel and ions involved in salinity. In this work, we studied a commercial hydrogel in two experiments. The first experiment was conducted in the laboratory to evaluate the absorption by the hydrogel of water with electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5 dS m–1, promoted by NaCl. The second experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme (with and without hydrogel × EC of the first experiment). Although salinity reduced water absorption by hydrogel by 84 %, the polymer applied in a sandy soil under saline conditions reduced water losses by 58 %. However, hydrogel did not increase the final soil moisture (~ 0.10 g g–1). The polymer reduced Na+ concentration in leachate from 1,499 to 1,219 mg L–1 at the highest salinity level (4.5 dS m–1), but it increased Na+ soil availability by 0.1 mg kg–1 in comparison with polymer absence. Hydrogel application increased Na+ content in plants from 9 to 13 mg kg–1 at the highest salinity, while K+ content was 10 to 16 mg kg–1 lower than that observed without a polymer. Hydrogel 0.07 % (w/w) reduced maize biomass, indicating damage by monovalent ions, compromising the polymer potential under salinity.

Resumo O Bioverm® (Duddingtonia flagrans) é uma formulação fúngica indicada para o controle de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ruminantes e equídeos, recentemente autorizado para a comercialização no Brasil. Objetivou-se determinar a eficiência do Bioverm® contra larvas de nematódeos gastrintestinais após a passagem pelo trato gastrintestinal de bovinos. Foram utilizados doze bovinos divididos em dois grupos. No grupo tratado, foi fornecida, por animal, a dose única de 1g (105 clamidósporos de D. flagrans) do Bioverm® para cada 10 kg de peso vivo. Foram obtidas amostras fecais dos animais de cada grupo a partir de 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 e 72 horas após a administração. No ensaio A, 2g de fezes foram adicionadas em placas de Petri contendo meio ágar-água 2%. No ensaio B, foram realizadas coproculturas. Em ambos os ensaios, o pico de predação larval ocorreu em 48 horas após a administração do Bioverm®. No ensaio A, houve redução larval significativa (P<0,05) em 48h (88,2%). No ensaio B, as reduções significativas (P<0,05) ocorreram em 36h (43,7%) e 48h (82,3%). O Bioverm® apresentou elevada capacidade predatória após a passagem pelo trato gastrintestinal de bovinos, sendo eficaz no controle dos nematódeos gastrintestinais.

Abstract Bioverm® (Duddingtonia flagrans) is a fungal formulation indicated for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants and horses, which has recently been authorized for commercialization in Brazil. The objective was to determine the efficiency of Bioverm® against larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. Twelve animals were used, divided into two groups. In the treated group, a single dose of 1 g of Bioverm® per 10 kg of live weight (containing 105 chlamydospores of D. flagrans) was provided for each animal. Fecal samples were obtained from the animals in each group at 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours after administration. In assay A, 2 g of feces were added to Petri dishes containing 2% agar-water medium. In assay B, coprocultures were performed. In both assays, the peak of larval predation occurred within 48 hours after administration of Bioverm®. In assay A, a significant larval reduction (P < 0.05) was seen at 48 h (88.2%). In assay B, significant reductions (P < 0.05) were seen at 36 h (43.7%) and 48 h (82.3%). Bioverm® showed high predatory capacity after passage through the gastrointestinal tract of cattle and was effective for controlling gastrointestinal nematodes.

Abstract Nitrogen fertilization, in addition to increasing biomass production, can also positively influence the chemical composition of a forage plant. The aim of this research was to evaluate the yield and chemical composition of Megathyrsus maximus cv. Massai grass under five nitrogen fertilization levels (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 mg N dm−3 soil, equivalent to 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1,200 kg ha−1 year−1, respectively) and during growth cycles (establishment and regrowth cycles) in a greenhouse. A completely randomized design with split-plot arrangement was adopted in which the five nitrogen levels were the plots and the cycles were the subplots. The total forage biomass increased with the nitrogen fertilization levels in the three growth cycles (28.4 g pot−1, 32.0 g pot−1 and 29.8 g pot−1 for establishment, regrowth 1 and regrowth 2, respectively, at the level of 600 mg N dm−3), and it was reduced from establishment to regrowth at lower N levels. The dry matter content was not affected by the N levels. However, this content presented higher values at the regrowth cycle in comparison to the establishment cycle. The crude protein (CP) content increased (7.0% CP at the level of 600 mg N dm−3), while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and hemicellulose (HEM) contents all decreased at higher N levels, with the highest CP content being observed at the establishment, and the opposite occurring for NDF, ADF and HEM. Nitrogen fertilization provides positive responses on yield and chemical composition of massai grass.

Resumen La fertilización nitrogenada, además de incrementar la producción de biomasa, también puede influenciar positivamente en la composición química de la planta forrajera. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la productividad y la composición química del Megathyrsus maximus cv. Massai durante el establecimiento y rebrote en invernadero bajo cinco dosis de nitrógeno (0, 150, 300, 450 y 600 mg N dm−3 de suelo). Se adoptó un diseño completamente aleatorio, en arreglo de parcelas subdivididas, siendo las dosis de nitrógeno asignadas en las parcelas y los ciclos, en las subparcelas. La biomasa de forraje total fue incrementada con las dosis de nitrógeno en los tres ciclos de crecimiento (28,4 g vaso−1, 32,0 g vaso−1 y 29,8 g vaso−1 para el establecimiento, rebrote 1 y rebrote 2, respectivamente, en la dosis de 600 mg N dm−3) y fue reducida de forma más expresiva del establecimiento para los rebrotes en las menores dosis de N. El contenido de materia seca no fue influenciado por las dosis de N, sin embargo, reveló mayor valor en el rebrote con relación al establecimiento. El contenido de proteína bruta (PB) fue incrementado (7,0% en la dosis de 600 mg N dm−3 de suelo) y los contenidos de fibra en detergente neutro (FDN), de fibra en detergente ácido (FDA) y de hemicelulosa (HEM) fueron reducidos en las mayores dosis de N, con el contenido de PB siendo superior en el establecimiento y el inverso ocurriendo para los contenidos de FDN, FDA y HEM. La fertilización nitrogenada proporciona respuestas positivas en la productividad y composición química del pasto-massai.

Resumo: O iogurte é obtido a partir da fermentação láctea mediante a ação de bactérias ácido-láticas específicas, podendo ser acrescido de ingredientes com propriedades funcionais, com a finalidade de agregar valor nutritivo, sensorial e atratividade para os consumidores. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa desenvolver iogurtes adoçados com mel de abelha Apis mellifera L. e monitorar a estabilidade físico-química durante o armazenamento sob refrigeração. Com isso, foram elaboradas seis formulações de iogurtes adicionados de 5% de inulina e diferentes concentrações de mel (0, 4, 6, 8, 10 e 12%). O comportamento da estabilidade físico-química (extrato seco total, cinzas, pH e acidez total titulável - expressa em g de ácido láctico) foi avaliado durante 35 dias de armazenamento, nos tempos 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias. Para esse experimento, foi montando um Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado em esquema fatorial, sendo seis tratamentos e seis períodos de armazenamento. Os dados foram analisados através da Análise de Variância e comparação de médias pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância. Foi possível observar que a adição de mel nos iogurtes promoveu aumento significativo (p<0,05) nos valores de extrato seco total e acidez total titulável, associado a redução nos valores de cinzas e pH. Os iogurtes atenderam aos padrões de identidade e qualidade preconizados pela legislação e, durante o armazenamento, sofreram alterações significativas em todos os parâmetros influenciados, principalmente, pelo fator concentração de mel do que tempo de armazenamento.

Abstract Yogurt is obtained from milk fermentation through the action of specific lactic acid bacteria, and can be added with ingredients with functional properties, in order to add nutritional, sensory value and attractiveness to consumers. The objective of this research was to develop yoghurt sweetened with bee honey Apis mellifera L. and to monitor the physico-chemical stability during storage under refrigeration. Thus, six yoghurt formulations were added with 5% inulin and different honey concentrations (0, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12%). The physicochemical stability behavior (total dry extract, ashes, pH and total titratable acidity - expressed in g of lactic acid) was evaluated during 35 days of storage at times 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. For this experiment was set up a completely randomized design in factorial scheme, being 6 treatments and 6 storage periods. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and comparison of means by Tukey test at 5% significance. It was observed that the addition of honey in yoghurt promoted a significant increase (p <0.05) in the values of total dry extract and total titratable acidity, associated with reduction in ash values and pH. The yogurts met the standards of identity and quality recommended by the legislation and during storage underwent significant changes in all parameters influenced mainly by the honey concentration factor than storage time.

RESUMO O objetivo do estudo foi procurar proteínas de fase aguda que possam indicar sinais de maturação no neonato prematuro, por meio da quantificação sérica delas. Identificou-se a imunoglobulina A, a ceruloplasmina, a haptoglobina, a glicoproteína ácida, a transferrina, a albumina e as imunoglobulinas G de cadeias leve e pesada, pela comparação do perfil dos proteinogramas de cordeiros nascidos a termo com os prematuros submetidos a diferentes protocolos terapêuticos, a fim de estimular a atividade respiratória. Constituíram-se seis grupos: PN (n= 9): nascidos de parto normal; CN (n= 7): nascidos de cesariana em tempo normal de gestação; CP (n= 6): nascidos de cesariana prematura sem nenhum tipo de tratamento; DEX (n= 9): prematuros cujas mães receberam dexametasona pré-parto; SURF (n= 6): prematuros tratados com surfactante; e DEXSURF (n= 6): prematuros tratados com surfactante cujas mães receberam dexametasona pré-parto. As avaliações foram realizadas nos momentos imediatamente após o nascimento (M0), após 24 (M24) e após 48 horas (M48). As amostras foram processadas por meio de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE). A albumina, as imunoglobulinas e a proteína total dos cordeiros tiveram elevação após a ingestão de colostro. Maiores valores séricos de transferrina são referentes a maior período gestacional, podendo essa proteína ser utilizada como marcador de maturação neonatal.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to search for acute phase proteins that could indicate signs of maturation in the premature neonate by quantifying them in serum. Immunoglobulin A, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, acid glycoprotein, tranferrin, albumin, light and heavy chain immunoglobulin G were quantified, comparing the profile of proteinograms from term to preterm lambs submitted to different protocols that stimulate respiratory activity. Six groups were used: PN (n= 9): born from normal birth; CN (n= 7): born from caesarean section at normal time of gestation; CP (n= 6): born from premature cesarean without any type of treatment; DEX (n= 9) preterm whose mothers received prepartum dexamethasone; SURF (n= 6) preterm treated with surfactant; DEXSURF (n= 6): preterm treated with surfactant whose mothers received prepartum dexamethasone. The evaluations were performed immediately after birth (M 0 ), after 24 and 48 hours (M 24 and M 48 ). Samples were processed with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Albumin, immunoglobulins, and serum total protein of the lambs were elevated, after colostrum ingestion. Higher serum transferrin values refer to a longer gestational period, and this protein may be used as a marker of neonatal maturation.

RESUMO A fibra vegetal é uma fonte renovável, biodegradável e de excelente desempenho como reforço em compósitos variados. Híbridos selecionados pela qualidade de suas fibras estão em fase de validação agronômica na Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura e sua adoção para produção de fibra em larga escala depende de um elevado número de mudas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta morfogenética e o potencial propagativo de oito híbridos de Ananas comosus var. erectifolius, com a finalidade de produzir mudas de qualidade em larga escala. Gemas do caule e coroa foram reduzidas, introduzidas em meio nutritivo MS suplementado com BAP a 0,5 mg L-1, ANA a 0,01 mg L-1 e Phytagel® a 2,5 g L-1. Aos 45 dias foram avaliados o número de gemas oxidadas, contaminadas e sobreviventes. Gemas intumescidas e plantas formadas foram transferidas para o meio de multiplicação contendo sacarose, sais e vitaminas MS. Avaliou-se o potencial propagativo a partir de uma taxa de crescimento geométrico entre subcultivos. O híbrido FIB-NEG (40.28%) apresentou os melhores resultados em porcentagem para a fase de estabelecimento. O melhor potencial propagativo foi obtido a partir de gemas de coroa, com os valores mais elevados registrados para os híbridos FIB-EST (3.93), FIB-MIN (3.91) e FIB-BOY (3.91).

ABSTRACT Plant fiber is a renewable and biodegradable material that can be used effectively to reinforce various composites. Pineapple hybrids selected for their fiber quality are in the phase of agronomic validation in Brazil by the Embrapa Cassava and Fruits research unit. The selection of a hybrid for large-scale fiber production depends on obtaining a large number of seedlings. This study evaluated the morphogenetic response and propagation potential of eight hybrids of Ananas comosus var. erectifolius, for the purpose of producing high-quality seedlings on a large scale. Stem and crown buds were reduced and placed in MS nutritive medium supplemented with BAP at 0.5 mg L-1, NAA at 0.01 mg L-1 and Phytagel® at 2.5 g L-1. After 45 days, the number of oxidized, contaminated and surviving buds was determined. Swollen buds and plantlets were transferred to a multiplication medium containing MS sucrose, salts and vitamins. The propagation potential was evaluated based on the geometric growth rate among sub-cultures. The FIB-NEG hybrid presented the best results for the establishment phase (40.28%). The best propagative potential was obtained from crown buds with the highest values for FIB-EST (3.93), FIB-MIN (3.91) and FIB-BOY (3.91) hybrids.

Abstract Objective: to verify if one single dose of L-arginine improves post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in hypertensive. Methods: double-blind, placebo, randomized with 20 hypertensive (51.47 ± 1.24 years). Two sessions of aerobic exercise were performed proceeded for the ingestion of one dose of 7 g of L-arginine (EX-LARG) or placebo (EX-PLA), plus one session only with L-arginine ingestion (L-ARG). Blood pressure (BP) was measured at rest, and each ten minutes for a period of 60 minutes recovery after exercise. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise for analysis of plasma concentration of nitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA). One-way ANOVA tests were used to compare the baseline conditions and two-way ANOVA, to evaluate possible differences in pressure responses between procedures. Results: both sessions EX-LARG and EX-PLA showed similar peak reduction for the mean systolic blood pressure (-6.58 ± 0.95 mmHg and -8.38 ± 1.29 mmHg respectively, p = 0.28). On the other hand, for the diastolic component, only L-ARG was able to promote PEH (-1.85 ± 0.44 mmHg), significantly better than EX-PLA (+2.13 ± 0.62 mmHg; p < 0.01). L-ARG alone did not result in significant changes in BP. Nitrite and MDA behaved similarly between procedures. Conclusion: a single dose of L-arginine before exercise improves diastolic PEH.

Resumen Objetivo: verificar si una sola dosis de L-arginina mejora la hipotensión post-ejercicio (HPE) en hipertensos. Métodos: estudio doble ciego, placebo, aleatorizado con 20 hipertensos (51,47 ± 1,24 años). Se realizaron dos sesiones de ejercicio aeróbico para la ingestión de una dosis de 7 g de L-arginina (EX-LARG) o placebo (EX-PLA), más una sesión solo con ingestión de L-arginina (L-ARG). La presión arterial (PA) se midió en reposo y cada diez minutos durante un periodo de recuperación de 60 minutos después del ejercicio. Se tomaron muestras de sangre antes y después del ejercicio para el análisis de la concentración plasmática de nitrito y malondialdehído (MDA). Se usaron pruebas de ANOVA de una vía para comparar las condiciones iniciales y ANOVA de dos vías para evaluar las posibles diferencias en las respuestas de presión entre procedimientos. Resultados: ambas sesiones, EX-LARG y EX-PLA, mostraron una reducción máxima similar de la presión arterial sistólica media (-6,58 ± 0,95 mmHg y -8,38 ± 1,29 mmHg, respectivamente, p = 0,28). Por otro lado, con respecto al componente diastólico, solo L-ARG fue capaz de promover HPE (-1,85 ± 0,44 mmHg), significativamente mejor que EX-PLA (+2,13 ± 0,62 mmHg, p < 0,01). L-ARG solo no dio como resultado un cambio significativo en la PA. El nitrito y la MDA se comportaron de manera similar entre los procedimientos. Conclusión: una dosis única de L-arginina antes del ejercicio mejora la HPE diastólica.

ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti is one of the most important culicidae species for public health, since it transmits the viruses for yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya and zika. With the purpose of analyzing the effect of plant extracts on the oviposition of this vector in ovitraps, 100 ovitraps were set containing an attractive plant substrate and a pressed wooden palette vertically installed on the pot for female oviposition. The traps were randomly distributed in 10 neighborhoods of Crato, Ceará, Brazil. To determine the best extract, water from the supply network, distilled water, sewage and aqueous extracts of plant leaves from guava (Psidium guajava L.), papaya (Carica papaya L), cassava (Manihot esculenta Grantz), cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L., Moench) and grass hay (Cynodon nlemfluensis Vanderyst) were used. The substrates were prepared at the Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology at the Center of Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity of the Federal University of Cariri (UFCA). Leaves were collected from the plants and crushed using a blender and then mixed with water at a concentration of 50 g of each substrate per liter of water. The material was stored for seven days in a dark room to facilitate the reactions and avoid the photoinactivation of active compounds. To determinate the best concentration, guava leaves were used subject to the same treatment of the first experiment, at concentrations of 0.5, 1; 5, 10, 25, 50, and 75 g of substrate per liter of water. Traps with sewage water showed the highest attractiveness for the oviposition of A. aegypti and the extract of guava leaves showed the highest percentage of egg attractiveness for the vector mosquito. These results can be useful to guide the adoption of new entomological surveillance and control methods of A. aegypti.

RESUMEN Aedes aegypti es una de las especies de culícidos más importantes para la salud pública, pues es transmisor de los virus de la fiebre amarilla, dengue, chikungunya y zika. Intentando analizar el efecto de extractos vegetales sobre la ovoposición de ese vector en trampas de ovoposición, fueron instaladas 100 trampas conteniendo en su interior sustrato atrayente de un vegetal y una paleta de madera prensada insertada en la posición vertical de la pared del vaso para que la hembra realice la postura. Las trampas fueron distribuidas, al azar, en 10 barrios de Crato-CE. Para determinar el mejor extracto fueron utilizadas agua de la red de suministro, agua destilada, desagüe y extractos acuosos de las hojas del guayabo (Psidium guajava L.), papayo (Carica papaya L.), mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), anacardo (Anacardium occidentale L.), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L., Moench) y heno de la gramínea (Cynodon nlemfluemsis Vanderyst). Los sustratos fueron preparados en el Laboratorio de Entomología Agrícola, en el Centro de Ciencias Agrarias y de Biodiversidad (CCAB), de la Universidad Federal de Cariri (UFCA). Las hojas fueron extraídas de la planta y enseguida, trituradas en una licuadora y mezcladas con agua en concentración de 50 g de cada sustrato por litro de agua. El material pasó siete días en ambiente oscuro para facilitar las reacciones y evitar la foto inactivación de los ingredientes activos. Para determinar la mejor concentración fueron utilizadas hojas del guayabo sometidas a las mismas etapas del primer experimento, aplicadas en las concentraciones de 0,5; 1; 5; 10; 25; 50 y 75 g del sustrato por litro de agua. Trampas cebadas con agua de desagüe manifiestan mayor atractividad para la ovoposición del A. aegypti y el extracto de la hoja del guayabo presenta mayor porcentaje de atractividad de huevos del mosquito vector. Estos resultados pueden ser útiles para orientar la adopción de métodos de vigilancia entomológica con ovotrampas y control del A. aegypti.