We identified different lipemic and metabolic responses after the ingestion of a standardized meal by healthy adults and related them to atherosclerotic markers. Samples from 60 normolipidemic adults were collected before and after a liquid meal (40 g fat/m² body surface) at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h for measurements of lipids, free fatty acids (FFA), insulin, cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), autoantibodies to epitopes of oxidized LDL (oxLDL Ab), lipolytic activities, and apolipoprotein E polymorphism. Mean carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was determined by Doppler ultrasound. The volunteers were classified into early (N = 39) and late (N = 31) triacylglycerol (TAG) responders to the test meal. Late responders showed lower HDL cholesterol concentration at fasting and in the TAG peak, lower insulin and higher FFA concentrations compared to early responders. Multivariate regression analyses showed that mean cIMT was associated with gender (male) and age in early responders and by cholesterol levels at the 6th hour in late responders. oxLDL Ab were explained by lipoprotein lipase and negatively by hepatic lipase and oxLDL Ab (fasting period) by CETP (negative) and FFA (positive). This study is the first to identify a postalimentary insulin resistance state, combined with a reduced CETP response exclusively among late responders, and the identification of the regulators of postalimentary atherogenicity. Further research is required to determine the metabolic mechanisms described in the different postalimentary phenotypes observed in this study, as well as in different pathological states, as currently investigated in our laboratory.

Os benefícios econômicos de diferentes estratégias de manejo de irrigação foram determinados por simulação de longo período (20 anos) para a cultura do feijoeiro iw Estado do Paraná, Brasil. O modelo BEANGRO foi usado para simular a produtividade e demanda de irrigação assumindo-se oito níveis críticos de extração de água no solo (20 a 90% da água disponível do solo (AD) em etapas de 10%), em adição a um nível sem irrigação. Renda líquida, utilizada como função objetivo para selecionar a melhor estratégia, foi calculada assumindo-se preços do produto como fixos ou variando estocasticamente. Os resultados mostraram um acréscimo significativo da produtividade devido a irrigação, porém observou-se uma alta variabilidade de resposta em todos os níveis simulados. A renda líquida foi também variável, porém positiva em 75% dos anos para todas as estratégias em que se manteve o solo acima de 30% AD. A estratégia de irrigar a cultura quando o solo atingir a 60% AD proporcionou o máximo retorno econômico. A renda líquida proporcionada com o uso desta estratégia Justifica a aplicação de irrigação em feijoeiro no Estado do Paraná.

The economical benefits of different irrigation strategies were assessed by long term simulation (20 years) for dry beans in Paraná, Brazil. The model BEANGRO was used to simulate crop yield and irrigation requirements assuming eight levels of irrigation threshold (20 to 90% of the remaining soil available water in steps of 10%), in addition to a level considering no irrigation. Net return was the objective function to select the optimum irrigation management strategy, assuming fixed and stochastic distributions of historical product price. The results showed that yield was significantly increased by irrigation despite a high variability for all the simulation strategies, due to variations on growth conditions over the years. Although the net return was highly variable, it was positive in 75% of the years for all strategies with threshold values higher than 30%. The strategy of irrigating the crop before the soil reaches 60% AW provided the maximum economical benefits. The high profit using this improved strategy justifies the practice of irrigation for beans in Paraná.