Abstract Objective. To examine the relationship among perceived social support, attitude towards sexuality, and life satisfaction of heterosexual and lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) university students in Temuco, Chile. Method. A non-probabilistic sample of 281 university students (70.8% heterosexual, 29.2% LGB) answered an online questionnaire. Results. There were no significant differences between heterosexual and LGB students in attitude towards sexuality or life satisfaction. Heterosexual students reported greater social support from their family than LGB students; both groups reported equal support from friends. Only social support was a predictor of life satisfaction. These results indicate the importance of strengthening social support from different sources to contribute to the subjective well-being of students of different sexual orientations.

Resumen Objetivo. Examinar las relaciones entre el apoyo social percibido, actitudes hacia la sexualidad y satisfacción vital entre estudiantes universitarios heterosexuales y lesbianas, gay y bisexuales (LGB), en Temuco, Chile. Método. Muestra no probabilística de 281 estudiantes universitarios (70.8% heterosexual, 29.2% LGB), quienes respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Resultados. No hubo diferencias según orientación sexual en las actitudes hacia la sexualidad y la satisfacción vital. Estudiantes heterosexuales reportaron mayor apoyo social general y por parte de la familia y otros significativos que estudiantes LGB; ambos grupos reportaron igual apoyo de sus amistades. Únicamente, el apoyo social fue predictor de satisfacción vital. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de fortalecer fuentes de apoyo para contribuir al bienestar de estudiantes de distintas orientaciones sexuales.

In an era characterized by constant technological changes and a demand for high-level technical skills, Secondary Vocational Technical Education needs to project itself far beyond the secondary curriculum and provide clear opportunities for further learning. This article aims to contribute to a broader knowledge regarding the challenge of articulation in this feld. To this end, along with a revision of international experience and case studies of the Chilean context, the article aims to provide a defnition of articulation coherent with the purposes of vocational education. The fndings reveal that the countries that have made progress in connecting the distinct levels of vocational technical educational offerings, have explicitly declared that articulation is a prioritized goal and have carried out multiple actions in order to achieve it. Chile, however, lacks a national policy agenda for this feld and standards that would facilitate an effcient education trajectory for the most vulnerable students that pursue technical careers. The advances in articulation are in their early stages, and generally limited to curriculum, which in practice translates into unique institutional agreements, that function for institutions of higher learning as a mechanism to target the predetermined market of vocational students. The study suggests the urgency of taking measures to advance towards an education system that would facilitate and promote the accumulation of technically skilled human capital and that would thus favor economic growth and greater equality of opportunity.

En una era caracterizada por los constantes cambios tecnológicos y la demanda de competencias técnicas de alto nivel, la Educación Técnico Profesional requiere proyectarse más allá de los programas escolares y asegurar oportunidades claras de aprendizaje posterior. El presente artículo pretende contribuir a ampliar el conocimiento respecto del desafío de la articulación en este ámbito. Para ello, junto con realizar una revisión de experiencias internacionales y un estudio de casos en el contexto chileno, ensaya una definición de articulación coherente con sus propósitos. Los hallazgos dan cuenta de que los países que han avanzado en conectar su oferta formativa técnica profesional entre sus distintos niveles, han declarado explícitamente que la articulación es una meta prioritaria y realizan acciones múltiples para alcanzarla. En cambio, Chile carece de una política nacional en la materia y de una normativa que facilite el progreso educativo eficiente de los grupos más vulnerables que cursan estudios técnicos. Los avances en articulación son incipientes, en general, restringidos al ámbito curricular, lo que en la práctica se traduce en acuerdos institucionales uno a uno, que para las instituciones de educación superior resultan en mecanismos de atracción de matrícula vocacionalmente cautiva. El estudio sugiere la toma urgente de medidas para avanzar hacia un sistema educativo que facilite y promueva la acumulación de capital humano de tipo técnico y, por esa vía, que favorezca el crecimiento económico y la equidad de oportunidades.

It is uncommon to implement and document a maternal and child healthcare strategy on a territorial and institutional level is infrequent. Therefore, we aimed to describe the experience of a consulting team composed of two physicians, two nurses and two nutritionists, whose purpose was to support the introduction of the Women- and Child-Friendly Institutional Strategy with an integral approach in 25 healthcare institutions in three Colombian departments (Cauca, Huila and Nariño), according to unmet basic needs. The Women- and Child-Friendly Institutional Strategy, considered a senior management strategy, promotes a specific method that allows monitoring of institutions during the implementation of a health and nutritional care strategy for women and children, and offers them the possibility of voluntarily becoming accredited as a Women- and Child-Friendly Institutions.

Implementar y documentar una estrategia de atención en salud materna e infantil de ámbito territorial y de las instituciones de salud no es frecuente. Por esta razón, el objetivo es presentar la experiencia realizada por un equipo consultor (dos médicos, dos nutricionistas y dos enfermeras), cuyo propósito era apoyar la implementación de la Estrategia Instituciones Amigas de la Mujer y la Infancia con enfoque integral en 25 instituciones prestadoras de salud de tres departamentos de Colombia (Cauca, Huila y Nariño), seleccionados según necesidades básicas insatisfechas. Considerada una estrategia de alta gerencia, plantea una metodología concreta que permite seguir a las instituciones una ruta exitosa, para implementar una estrategia de atención en salud y nutrición materna e infantil, y les ofrece la posibilidad de acreditarse voluntariamente como una Institución Amiga de la Mujer y la Infancia.

It is uncommon to implement and document a maternal and child healthcare strategy on a territorial and institutional level is infrequent. Therefore, we aimed to describe the experience of a consulting team composed of two physicians, two nurses and two nutritionists, whose purpose was to support the introduction of the Women- and Child-Friendly Institutional Strategy with an integral approach in 25 healthcare institutions in three Colombian departments (Cauca, Huila and Nariño), according to unmet basic needs. The Women- and Child-Friendly Institutional Strategy, considered a senior management strategy, promotes a specific method that allows monitoring of institutions during the implementation of a health and nutritional care strategy for women and children, and offers them the possibility of voluntarily becoming accredited as a Women- and Child-Friendly Institutions.

Implementar y documentar una estrategia de atención en salud materna e infantil de ámbito territorial y de las instituciones de salud no es frecuente. Por esta razón, el objetivo es presentar la experiencia realizada por un equipo consultor (dos médicos, dos nutricionistas y dos enfermeras), cuyo propósito era apoyar la implementación de la Estrategia Instituciones Amigas de la Mujer y la Infancia con enfoque integral en 25 instituciones prestadoras de salud de tres departamentos de Colombia (Cauca, Huila y Nariño), seleccionados según necesidades básicas insatisfechas. Considerada una estrategia de alta gerencia, plantea una metodología concreta que permite seguir a las instituciones una ruta exitosa, para implementar una estrategia de atención en salud y nutrición materna e infantil, y les ofrece la posibilidad de acreditarse voluntariamente como una Institución Amiga de la Mujer y la Infancia.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a serious health problem in Chile. Aim: To study prognostic factors on admission and outcome of CAP, in immune competent adult patients, hospitalized in the Catholic University Clinical Hospital. Patients and methods: All adult patients admitted with a CAP in a period of 2 years were prospectively studied. Patients with immunodeficiency, solid tumors or receiving oral adrenal steroids were excluded from the study. Results: In the study period, 463 patients (69±19 years, 55% male) were evaluated. Ninety four percent were treated with 2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporins. Mean hospital length of stay was 10 days. Mortality during hospital stay was 8% and in the ensuing 30 days, it was 12%. Bacterial etiology was established in 25% of cases. The most frequent pathogens isolated were Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.2%), Haemophilus influenzae (3.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (2.8%) and Gram negative bacilli (5.2%). Admission prognostic factors associated with hospital mortality were: an age over 65 years, presence of comorbidity, chronic neurological and hepatic disease, suspicion of aspiration, duration of symptoms for less than 3 days, presence of dyspnea and altered mental status, absence of cough, fever and chills; low blood pressure, tachypnea, metabolic acidosis, hypoxemia, high blood urea nitrogen, hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypoalbuminemia, multilobar radiographic pulmonary infiltrates, bacteremia, high risk categories of the Fine Index (IV and V), and admission to Intermediate Care Unit or ICU. Conclusions: The features of community acquired pneumonia of these patients are similar to those reported abroad (Rev Méd Chile 2002; 130: 1373-82).