Abstract Objective: To identify the prevalence, severity, hypersensitivity, and distribution of Non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) among university students in Brazil. Material and Methods: 179 participants answered an anamnesis with twenty questions about the presence or absence of habits associated with NCCL. The participants' teeth were evaluated to identify the presence or absence of the lesion, its classification, involved surfaces, severity, hypersensitivity, and tooth wear index. A hypersensitivity test was performed with ice water. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and simple logistic regression (p<0.01). Results: 179 participants answered an anamnesis with twenty questions about the presence or absence of habits associated with NCCL. The participants' teeth were evaluated to identify the presence or absence of the lesion, its classification, involved surfaces, severity, hypersensitivity, and tooth wear index. A hypersensitivity test was performed with ice water. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and simple logistic regression (p<0.01). Conclusion: The prevalence of NCCL was 15.1% and abfraction was the most frequent lesion. Premolars were the teeth most affected by non-carious cervical lesions. Objective severity Noncarious Non carious (NCCL Brazil Methods 17 lesion classification surfaces index water chisquare chi square p<0.01. p001 p p<0.01 . 0 01 (p<0.01) Results Conclusion 151 15 1 15.1 noncarious non p00 p<0.0 (p<0.01 15. p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of using interventions in low- and high-risk parturients on maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes during labor. METHODS: This is a prospective study. The analyzed variables were obtained through a questionnaire with puerperal women (between 1- and 48-h postpartum) and through medical record searches. The study population was divided into two groups as follows: Group I included parturients who underwent at least one type of obstetric intervention and Group II included parturients who did not undergo any type of obstetric intervention. RESULTS: Most parturients (75.3%) underwent at least one type of intervention, with oxytocin being the most prevalent intervention (49.5%), followed by misoprostol use (28.7%), elective cesarean section at the request of the patient (23.0%), amniotomy (21.2%), and episiotomy (21.0%). Regarding the adverse perinatal outcomes related to low-risk pregnancies, the prevalence of the second- or third-degree perineal tears (17.8% vs. 36.7%, p=0.001) was lower in Group I than in Group II. Moreover, in high-risk pregnancies, the prevalence of hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (2.8% vs. 16.7%, p<0.001), adult intensive care unit admission (0.8% vs. 3.9%, p=0.004), and the need for oxygen therapy (26.8% vs. 40.4%, p<0.001) was lower in Group I than in Group II. CONCLUSIONS: In low-risk parturients, the interventions performed were associated with lower prevalence of second- or third-degree perineal tears. There was a lower prevalence of neonatal and adult intensive care unit admissions, the need for oxygen therapy, intracranial hemorrhage, and neonatal infection among high-risk parturients.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of purified lignin on the performance, relative organ weights, serum metabolites, and gene expression profiles of broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress (HS). At 22 days old, 280 broilers were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments, ten repetitions, and seven birds per experimental unit. The birds were subjected to daily cyclic HS. A high temperature of 32±1 °C was maintained for 10 h/day (08:00–18:00 h), while a temperature of 22±1 °C was maintained for the remaining time. Treatments were a basal diet or basal diet with the addition of 5, 10, or 15 g of purified lignin/kg of diet. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and means were compared by Tukey's test at 0.05 significance. There was no effect of lignin supplementation on performance, carcass yield, relative weights of the bursa, spleen, and liver, or serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, uric acid, malondialdehyde, triiodothyronine, or tetraiodothyronine. The abundance of mRNA of heat shock protein 70, nuclear factor-κB, glutathione peroxidase, and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase in the liver was similarly unaffected by treatments. Purified lignin supplementation does not improve performance or the antioxidant response of broiler chickens subjected to HS.

Resumo Objetivos: Avaliar variáveis articulares locais após a injeção intra-articular (IIA) de hexacetonido de triancinolona (HT) em pacientes com artrite reumatoide (AR). Métodos: Avaliaram-se de modo cego e prospectivo (inicial, 1, 4, 12 e 24 semanas) as articulações metacarpofalângica (MCF), punho, cotovelo, ombro, joelho e tornozelo após a IIA de HT à procura das seguintes medidas de desfecho: escala visual analógica (EVA) de 0 a 10 cm para dor em repouso (EVAr); EVA para dor ao movimento (EVAm); EVA para inchaço das articulações (EVAi); flexão (FlexG) e extensão (ExtG). Resultados; Estudaram-se 289 pacientes (635 articulações). A EVAi (p < 0,001) e a EVAr (0,001 < p < 0,016) melhoraram de T0 a T4, T12 e T24 em todas as articulações. A EVAm melhorou de T0-T4 (p < 0,021) em todas as articulações; T0-T12 (p < 0,023) na MCF e no joelho; T0-T24 (p < 0,019) apenas na MCF e no joelho. A FlexG melhorou de T0-T4 (p < 0,001) em todas as articulações; T0-T12 (p < 0,001) e T0-T24 (p < 0,02) apenas na MCF e no joelho. A ExtG melhorou de T0-T4 (p < 0,001) em todas as articulações, exceto no cotovelo; T0-T12 (p = 0,003) no punho, na MCF e no joelho; e T0-T24 (p = 0,014) na MCF e no joelho. Conclusão: A EVAi respondeu melhor em curto e médio prazos após a IIA de HT na presente amostra de pacientes com AR.

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate local joint variables after intra-articular injection with triamcinolone hexacetonide in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Methods: We blindly and prospectively (baseline, 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks) evaluated metacarpophalangeal, wrist, elbow, shoulder, knee and ankle joints after triamcinolone hexacetonide intra-articular injection by the following outcome measures: visual analogue scale 0–10 cm (VAS) for rest pain (VASR); VAS for movement pain (VASM); VAS for joint swelling (VASSw); flexion (FlexG) and extension (ExtG). Results: 289 patients (635 joints) were studied. VASSw (p < 0.001) and VASR (0.001 < p < 0.016) improved from T0 to T4, T12 and T24 for all joints. VASM improved from T0 to T4 (p < 0.021) for all joints; T0 to T12 (p < 0.023) for MCF and knee; T0 to T24 (p < 0.019) only for MCF and knee. FlexG improved from T0 to T4 (p < 0.001) for all joints; T0 to T12 (p < 0.001) and T0 to T24 (p < 0.02) only for MCF and knee. ExtG improved from T0 to T4 (p < 0.001) for all joints except for elbow; T0 to T12 (p = 0.003) for wrist, metacarpophalangeal and knee; and T0 to T24 (p = 0.014) for MCF and knee. Conclusion: VASSw responded better at short and medium term after IAI with triamcinolone hexacetonide in our sample of RA patients.

RESUMO Objetivo: Propor um novo sistema de escore ultrassonográfico das articulações da mão e punho (US10) para a avaliação de pacientes com artrite reumatoide (AR) e correlacionar o US10 com variáveis clínicas, laboratoriais e funcionais. Métodos: Foram submetidos 48 pacientes com AR em fase inicial a avaliações clínicas e laboratoriais, bem como a exames cegos de ultrassom (US) no início do estudo e com 3, 6 e 12 meses. O sistema US10 proposto envolveu a avaliação do punho e das articulações metacarpofalângicas e interfalângicas proximais do segundo e terceiro dígitos. O escore consistiu em parâmetros inflamatórios (proliferação sinovial [PS], Power Doppler [PD] e tenossinovite [TN]) e parâmetros de danos articulares (erosão óssea [EO] e danos na cartilagem [DC]). PS, PD, EO e DC foram pontuados qualitativamente (0 a 1) e semiquantitativamente (graus 0 a 3). A tenossinovite foi pontuada como presença/ausência. A avaliação envolveu também o escore 28-Joint Disease Activity (DAS28), o Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) e o nível de proteína C-reativa (PCR). Resultados: A duração média dos sintomas foi de 7,58 ± 3,59 meses. Foram encontradas correlações estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) entre os parâmetros de inflamação e a PCR no início do estudo e entre as mudanças nessas variáveis ao longo do estudo. Foram encontradas também correlações significativas (p < 0,05) entre o escore DAS28 e a PD e TN no início do estudo e entre as mudanças no escore DAS28 e PS e TN em todo o seguimento. Além disso, foram encontradas correlações significativas entre as mudanças no escore dos parâmetros de inflamação e no escore HAQ ao longo do seguimento. Conclusão: O sistema de escore US10 proposto provou ser uma ferramenta útil para monitorar a inflamação e o dano articular em pacientes com AR em fase inicial, demonstra correlações significativas com as alterações longitudinais na atividade da doença e no estado funcional.

ABSTRACT Objective: To propose a novel ultrasound scoring system for hand and wrist joints (US10) for evaluation of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to correlate the US10 with clinical, laboratory and functional variables. Methods: Forty-eight early RA patients underwent clinical and laboratory evaluations as well as blinded ultrasound (US) examinations at baseline, three, six and 12 months. The proposed US10 system involved the assessment of the wrist, second and third metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints. The score consisted of inflammation parameters (synovial proliferation [SP], power Doppler [PD] and tenosynovitis [TN]) and joint damage parameters (bone erosion [BE] and cartilage damage [CD]). SP, PD, BE and CD were scored qualitatively (0–1) and semi-quantitatively (grades 0–3). Tenosynovitis was scored as presence/absence. The evaluation also involved the 28-Joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and C-reactive protein level (CRP). Results: Mean duration of symptoms was 7.58 ± 3.59 months. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between inflammation parameters and CRP at baseline and between the changes in these variables throughout the study. Significant correlations (p < 0.05) were found between DAS28 score and both PD and TN at baseline and between the changes in DAS28 score and both SP and TN throughout the follow up. Moreover, significant correlations were found between the changes in inflammation parameter scores and HAQ score throughout the follow up. Conclusion: The proposed US10 scoring system proved to be a useful tool for monitoring inflammation and joint damage in early RA patients, demonstrating significant correlations with longitudinal changes in disease activity and functional status.

Objetivos: Identificar fatores preditivos de resposta à infiltração intra-articular (IIA) com triancinolona hexacetonida (TH). Métodos: Este estudo foi realizado em pacientes de artrite reumatóide (AR) (segundo critérios do American College of Rheumatology) submetidos à IIA (infiltração mono, pauci ou poliarticular). Avaliação: Um observador “cego” avaliou prospectivamente as articulações uma semana (T1), quatro semanas (T4), 12 semanas (T12) e 24 semanas (T24) após IIA. As medidas de desfecho foram Escala Visual Analógica (0-10 cm) em repouso, em movimento e para articulações edemaciadas. As variáveis clínicas e demográficas e aquelas relacionadas à infiltração no início do estudo foram analisadas de acordo com a resposta à IIA. Resultados: Foram estudados 289 pacientes com AR (635 articulações) com média de idade de 48,7 (± 10,68) anos; 48,5% eram caucasianos, EVA para dor global = 6,52 (± 1,73). Na análise univariada, as variáveis relativas às melhores respostas em seguida à IIA (melhora >70%) foram: “IIA no cotovelo e metacarpofalangeanas (MCF)” e “classe funcional II”. Na análise multivariada, “homens” e “não brancos” foram os preditores com melhor resposta à IIA na T4, enquanto “IIA no cotovelo e MCF”, “infiltração poliarticular”, “uso de metotrexato” e “dose total maior de TH” obtiveram a melhor resposta na T24. Conclusão: Foram identificados diversos fatores preditivos de boa resposta à IIA em pacientes com AR. Os preditores de melhor resposta para IIA de TH em longo prazo foram “aplicar IIA no cotovelo e MCF” e “aplicar infiltração poliarticular”.

Objectives: Identify good response predictors to intra-articular injection (IAI) with triamcinolone hexacetonide (TH). Methods: This study was carried out in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (American College of Rheumatology criteria) submitted to IAI (mono, pauci or polyarticular injection). Assessment: a “blinded” observer prospectively evaluated joints at one week (T1), four weeks (T4), twelve weeks (T12) and 24 weeks (T24) after IAI. Outcome measurements included Visual Analogue Scale (0-10 cm) at rest, in movement and for swollen joints. Clinical, demographic and variables related to injection at baseline were analyzed according to IAI response. Results: We studied 289 patients with RA (635 joints) with a mean age of 48.7 years (±10.68), 48.5% of them Caucasians, VAS for global pain = 6.52 (±1.73). Under univariate analysis, the variables relating the best responses following IAI (improvement > 70%) were: “elbow and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) IAI, and functional class II”. Under multivariate analysis, “males” and “non-whites” were the predictors with the best response to IAI at T4, while “elbow and MCP IAI”, “polyarticular injection”, “use of methotrexate” and “higher total dose of TH” obtained the best response at T24. Conclusion: Several predictors of good response to IAI in patients with RA were identified. The best-response predictors for TH IAI of long term were “inject elbow and MCP IAI” and “perform polyarticular injection”.

OBJETIVOS: Comparar a curto prazo (04 semanas) a efetividade das infiltrações intra-articulares (IIA) guiadas por fluoroscopia (FC) e ultrassom (US) em pacientes com enfermidades reumáticas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo controlado e prospectivo em pacientes portadores de doenças reumáticas captados dos ambulatórios da Disciplina de Reumatologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brasil. Critério de inclusão: adultos com indicação de IIA com corticosteróide por sinovite refratária. Todos os pacientes forma infiltrados com hexacetonide triancinolona (20 mg/mL) com doses variáveis, de acordo com a articulação estudada. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 71 pacientes (52 mulheres; 44 brancos), portadores de enfermidades reumáticas variadas. A média de idade era 51,9 ± 13 anos e 47 deles (66,2%) faziam uso de drogas modificadora do curso da doença (DMARD). Na análise global da amostra (71 pacientes) e na subanálise coxofemoral (23 pacientes), observou-se melhora estatística (p < 0,001) em ambos os grupos quanto à EVA de dor. Na análise global observou-se aumento significativo da flexão articular (p < 0,001) e um Δ de flexão maior a favor do grupo guiado por FC. A avaliação de melhora segundo Likert Scale mostrou diferença significativa (p < 0,05) entre os grupos na avaliação global, nas proporções inalterado e melhor, a favor do grupo guiado por US. Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos para qualquer outra variável. CONCLUSÃO: A IIA guiada por imagem melhorou a dor regional, a curto prazo, relacionada à sinovite de vários tipos de articulações. Para a grande maioria das variáveis avaliadas não houve diferença entre a efetividade da IIA guiada por US ou FC.

OBJECTIVE: Compare the effectiveness of ultrasound and fluoroscopy to guide intra-articular injections (IAI) in selected cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study in our outpatient clinics at the Rheumatology Division at Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Brazil, was conducted to compare the short-term (4 weeks) effectiveness of ultrasound and fluoroscopy-guided IAI in patients with rheumatic diseases. Inclusion criteria were: adults with refractory synovitis undergoing IAI with glucocorticoid. All patients had IAI performed with triamcinolone hexacetonide (20mg/ml) with varying doses according to the joint injected. RESULTS: A total of 71 rheumatic patients were evaluated (52 women, 44 whites). Mean age was 51.9 ± 13 years and 47 of them (66.2%) were on regular DMARD use. Analysis of the whole sample (71 patients) and hip sub-analysis (23 patients) showed that significant improvement was observed for both groups in terms of pain (P < 0.001). Global analysis also demonstrated better outcomes for patients in the FCG in terms of joint flexion (P < 0.001) and percentage change in joint flexion as compared to the USG. Likert scale score analyses demonstrated better results for the patients in the USG as compared to the FCG at the end of the study (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference between groups was observed for any other study variable. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Imaging-guided IAI improves regional pain in patients with various types of synovitis in the short term. For the vast majority of variables, no significant difference in terms of effectiveness was observed between fluoroscopy and ultrasoundguided IAI.

Este trabalho teve como objetivos isolar bacteriófagos de amostras de leite, soro e queijo de Coalho e avaliar a resistência de cepas de Lactobacillus paracasei, pertencentes à Coleção de Micro-organismos de Interesse para a Agroindústria Tropical da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, aos fagos isolados. Posteriormente, a resistência destas cepas a fagos específicos para L. paracasei, da Coleção do Instituto de Lactología Industrial - INLAIN (Santa Fe, Argentina), também foi avaliada. As amostras para isolamento dos fagos foram obtidas em quatro unidades de processamento de queijo de Coalho, sendo duas artesanais e duas industriais, localizadas no Estado do Ceará. Para o isolamento dos bacteriófagos, foi empregado o teste de lise celular (spot), enquanto que a resistência das culturas aos fagos foi avaliada pelos testes de capacidade de produção de ácido e avaliação da turbidez. As cepas avaliadas foram resistentes aos bacteriófagos provenientes das unidades de processamento de queijo de Coalho e aos bacteriófagos da Coleção do INLAIN. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as culturas láticas testadas, resistentes aos bacteriófagos, podem ser utilizadas na composição de fermento lático destinado à elaboração de queijo de Coalho, a partir de leite pasteurizado.

The objectives of this research were to isolate bacteriophages from milk samples, whey and Coalho cheese and to evaluate the resistance of strains of Lactobacillus paracasei from the Collection of Microorganisms of Interest for the Tropical Agroindustry, belonging to Embrapa Tropical Agroindustry, to isolate phages. The strains resistance to specific L. paracasei phages from the collection of the Instituto de Lactología Industrial - INLAIN (Santa Fe, Argentina) was also evaluated. Samples for phage isolation were from four Coalho cheese processing units, two artisanal and two industrial, localized in the state of Ceará. Spot test was employed for bacteriophages isolation, while the culture phage resistance was evaluated by the acid production and turbidity tests. The strains were resistant both to phages isolated from Coalho cheese processing units and phages from collection of INLAIN. The results showed that lactic cultures evaluated here were resistant to bacteriophages and they can be used in the composition of lactic cultures specifically for Coalho cheese manufacture from pasteurized milk.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a incidência de pneumonia necrosante (PN) em crianças submetidas a toracoscopia e comparar pacientes com e sem PN em relação às diferentes apresentações e evolução clínica. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de crianças portadoras de empiema e submetidas a toracoscopia. A toracoscopia foi realizada em pacientes não submetidos a drenagem torácica prévia e evidência de derrame septado ou pneumotórax, assim como naqueles submetidos previamente a drenagem torácica e pneumotórax persistente ou febre e secreção purulenta. Baseado na presença de PN durante a toracoscopia, os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: com PN e sem PN. RESULTADOS: Participaram do estudo 52 pacientes. Dos 24 pacientes com PN, 19 (79%) foram submetidos a drenagem torácica anterior à toracoscopia, 11 (46%) apresentaram pneumotórax, e 16 (67%) evoluíram com fístula broncopleural. Neste grupo, as medianas do tempo de drenagem e de hospitalização foram, respectivamente, 18 e 19 dias. Dos 28 pacientes sem PN, 10 (36%) foram submetidos a drenagem torácica anterior à toracoscopia, 9 (32%) apresentaram pneumotórax, e 5 (18%) evoluíram com fístula broncopleural. Neste grupo, as medianas do tempo médio de drenagem e de hospitalização foram, respectivamente, 6 e 10 dias. CONCLUSÕES: A PN deve ser suspeitada na presença de pneumotórax. A toracoscopia precoce pode ser uma opção terapêutica de grande valor na PN da infância, pois acelera a recuperação quando comparada ao tratamento médico isolado e evita ressecções pulmonares extensas da toracotomia tardia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of necrotizing pneumonia (NP) in children submitted to thoracoscopy, comparing patients with and without NP in terms of the presentation and clinical evolution. METHODS: A retrospective study of children with pleural empyema submitted to thoracoscopy. Thoracoscopy was performed in patients not previously submitted to thoracic drainage and in whom there was evidence of loculated effusion or pneumothorax, as well as in those previously submitted to thoracic drainage and in whom there was persistent pneumothorax or fever with purulent discharge. On the basis of the thoracoscopy findings, patients were distributed into two groups: those with NP (NP group) and those without (no-NP group). RESULTS: The study sample comprised 52 patients. Of the 24 patients with NP, 19 (79%) had undergone thoracic drainage prior to thoracoscopy, 11 (46%) presented with pneumothorax, and 16 (67%) developed bronchopleural fistula. In the NP group, the median drainage time and the median length of hospital stay were 18 and 19 days, respectively. Of the 28 patients without NP, 10 (36%) had undergone thoracic drainage prior to thoracoscopy, 9 (32%) presented pneumothorax, and 5 (18%) developed bronchopleural fistula. In the no-NP group, the median drainage time and the median length of hospital stay were 6 and 10 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumothorax should raise the suspicion of NP. Early thoracoscopy can be a valuable treatment option for NP in children because it hastens recovery in comparison with the medical treatment alone and avoids extensive late thoracotomy lung resections.

OBJETIVO: Estudar as células ganglionares (CG) no intestino terminal de ratos portadores de anomalia anorretal (AAR) induzida pela etilenotiouréia (ETU). MÉTODOS: Os animais foram distribuídos em três grupos: Grupo A - fetos normais, obtidos de ratas grávidas às quais não foi administrada ETU; Grupo B - fetos não portadores de AAR obtidos de ratas grávidas às quais foi administrada ETU e Grupo C - fetos portadores de AAR obtidos de ratas grávidas às quais foi administrada ETU. A ETU foi administrada no décimo primeiro dia de gestação na dose de 125 mg/Kg, por gavagem. As ratas foram submetidas à laparotomia e histerotomia para retirada dos fetos no vigésimo primeiro dia de gestação. O intestino terminal dos fetos foi retirado e analisado por imunohistoquímica para pesquisa de CG. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos A, B e C quanto à densidade de CG. O grupo A apresentou a maior densidade, seguida pelo grupo B, e a menor densidade foi encontrada no Grupo C. CONCLUSÃO: Existe uma menor densidade de CG no intestino terminal de ratos portadores de AAR.

PURPOSE: To study the ganglion cells (GC) in the terminal bowel of rats with ethylenethiourea (ETU) induced anorectal malformations (ARM). METHODS: The animals were divided into three groups: Group A - normal fetuses from pregnant rats that were not administered ETU; Group B - fetuses without ARM born from pregnant rats that were administered ETU and Group C - fetuses with ARM born from pregnant rats that received ETU. ETU was administered on the 11th day of pregnancy at the dose of 125 mg/kg body weight by gastric gavage. The rats had cesarean section on the 21st day of gestation. The fetuses’ terminal bowel tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry to demonstrate ganglion cells. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between groups A, B and C regarding ganglion cell densities. Group A had the highest cell density, followed by Group B and the lowest density was found in Group C. CONCLUSION: Ganglion cell densities are decreased in the terminal bowel of rats with ARM.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o modelo experimental de AAR, induzido pela Etilenotiouréia (ETU), quanto à ocorrência de anomalia anorretal e das principais malformações associadas. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados fetos de ratos distribuídos em 2 grupos: Grupo experimental - Fetos provenientes de ratas que receberam ETU no décimo primeiro dia de gestação na dose de 125 mg/Kg, diluída em água destilada na concentração de 1% (12,5 ml/Kg) e Grupo controle - Fetos de ratas que receberam somente água destilada num volume de 12,5 ml/Kg. No 21° dia de gestação, os animais foram submetidos à eutanásia por hipóxia em câmara de gás carbônico e laparotomia para retirada dos fetos. Os fetos foram, inicialmente, examinados externamente para determinação do sexo, presença de AAR, de malformações de coluna vertebral e da cauda. A seguir, com o auxílio de microscopia, os fetos foram submetidos a laparotomia exploradora para caracterização do tipo de AAR e investigação de malformações urológicas. RESULTADOS: Nenhum dos fetos do grupo controle apresentou AAR, malformações de coluna vertebral e alterações urológicas estruturais. No grupo experimental, 71% apresentaram anomalia anorretal, 80% apresentaram alterações de coluna vertebral e 35% apresentaram alterações urológicas. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo descrito se mostrou de fácil execução e apresentou resultados que permite o seu emprego no estudo das anomalias anorretais e das malformações associadas.

PURPOSE: To evaluate an experimental model for anorectal anomalies and their principal associated malformations induced by ethylene thiourea (ETU). METHODS: Rat fetuses were utilized, divided into two groups: experimental group - fetuses from rats that received ETU on the 11th day of gestation at the dose of 125 mg/kg, diluted in distilled water to 1% concentration (12.5 ml/kg); and control group - fetuses from rats that received distilled water alone, at a volume of 12.5 ml/kg. On the 21st day of gestation, the animals were sacrificed by hypoxia in a carbon dioxide chamber, followed by laparotomy to remove the fetuses. These were initially examined externally to determine the sex and whether anorectal anomalies and malformations of the vertebral column and tail were present. Then, with the aid of microscopy, the fetuses underwent exploratory laparotomy to characterize the type of anorectal anomaly and investigate urological malformations. RESULTS: None of the fetuses in the control group presented anorectal anomaly, vertebral column malformation or urological structural alterations. In the experimental group, 71% presented anorectal anomaly, 80% presented vertebral column alterations and 35% presented urological alterations. CONCLUSION: The model described was shown to be easy to implement and presented results that allow its use in studying anorectal anomalies and associated malformations.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito protetor da glicina, num modelo experimental de ECN. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 50 ratos Wistar recém-nascidos, com peso variando de 4 a 6 gramas, provenientes da ninhada de seis ratas. Cinco animais foram canibalizados e, os 45 restantes, foram distribuídos em três grupos: controle G1(n=12); G2(n=16), animais que foram submetidos à hipóxia-reoxigenação; G3(n=17), animais submetidos à hipóxia-reoxigenação após uma infusão intraperitoneal de glicina 5%. Os animais foram submetidos à hipóxia em uma câmara de CO2 recebendo um fluxo de ar contendo 100% de CO2, durante 5 minutos e à reoxigenação recebendo um fluxo de O2 a 100% por 5 minutos. Segmentos de intestino delgado e cólon de 1 cm de extensão foram preparados para análise histológica. O restante do intestino foi removido em bloco e congelado a menos 80°C para homogeneização e dosagem de malondialdeído tecidual (MDA). Classificou-se as lesões teciduais de Grau 0 a Grau 5, de acordo com a extensão da lesão mucosa. RESULTADOS: Os animais do Grupo G1 apresentaram graus de lesão de intestino delgado e cólon significantemente menores do que os animais dos Grupos G2 e G3. O grupo G2 apresentou valores médios de MDA significantemente maiores do que os animais do grupo G1 (p = .015) e G3 (p=0.021). Os animais dos grupos G1 e G3 apresentaram valores de MDA que não diferiram de forma significante (p = 0.992). CONCLUSÃO: A glicina diminuiu os níveis de MDA intestinais (um marcador da peroxidação lipídica) em ratos neonatais submetidos à hipóxia-reoxigenação.

PURPOSE: To assess the protective effect of glycine in an experimental model of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC). METHODS: Fifty (50) neonatal Wistar rats, from a litter of six female rats and weighing 4 to 6 grams, were used. Five animals were cannibalized and the 45 remaining were distributed into three groups: the G1 normal control group (n=12); the G2 Group (n=16), of animals that underwent hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR); the G3 Group of animals (n=17) that underwent HR following a 5% intraperitoneal glycine infusion. The animals underwent hypoxia in a CO2 chamber receiving an air flow of 100% CO2 for 5 minutes and reoxygenation receiving an O2 flow at 100% for 5 minutes. One centimeter long small bowel and colon segments were prepared for histological analysis. The rest of the bowel was removed in a block and frozen at minus 80°C for homogenization and determination of tissue malondialdehyde (MDA). Tissue lesions were classified as Grade 0 to Grade 5, according to the level of damaged mucosa. RESULTS: The animals in Group G1 had levels of small bowel and colon lesion significantly smaller as compared to the animals in Groups G2 and G3. The G2 group had mean MDA values significantly higher than the animals in the G1 (p = .015) and G3 (p=0.021) groups. MDA values did not differ significantly (p = 0.992) for the animals in groups G1 and G3. CONCLUSION: Glycine reduces tissue MDA levels (a measurement of lipid peroxidation) following HR in neonatal rats.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar um modelo experimental de enterocolite necrosante em ratos proposto por Okur e colaboradores em 1995. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 28 ratos da raça EPM-Wistar no primeiro dia de vida, com peso entre 4 a 6 gramas. Os animais foram submetidos a hipóxia (H) colocando os filhotes em uma câmara de gás CO2 para sacrifício de roedores onde receberam um fluxo de ar contendo 100% de CO2 durante 5 minutos. Após a hipóxia os animais foram reanimados (R) com fluxo de ar contendo O2 a 100%, também durante 5 minutos. Os animais divididos em dois grupos: G1: controle (n=12): ratos não submetidos a H-R; G2: (n=16): ratos submetidos a H-R. Segmentos de intestino delgado e cólon foram preparados para análise histológica. O restante do intestino foi utilizado para dosagem de malondialdeído tecidual. RESULTADOS: Dosagem de malondialdeído do G1 foi em média 1,05 (0,44-2,03) e do G2 foi em média 2,60 (0,59- 6,4) nmol MDA/mg proteína. O G2 teve média significativamente maior do que a do grupo controle (p<0,002). Foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos de estudo quanto à distribuição do grau de lesão onde o grupo G1 apresentou graus significantemente menores do que o grupo G2. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo mostrou que a hipóxia neonatal em ratos provoca lesões na parede intestinal.. Apesar das lesões histológicas discretas é um bom método para avaliação da liberação de radicais livres teciduais.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate an experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis in rats proposed by OKUR e col. in 1995. METHODS: On their first day of life, 28 EPM-Wistar rats weighing between 4 and 6 grams were submitted to hypoxia (H) by placing them in a CO2 gas chamber for rodents' sacrifice, where they received a 100% CO2 air flow for 5 minutes. After the hypoxia the animals were reanimated (R) with a 100% O2 air flow, also for 5 minutes. The animals were allocated in two groups: G1: control (n=12): rats not submitted to H-R; G2: (n=16): rats submitted to H-R. Segments of the small intestine and colon were prepared for histological analysis. The remaining intestine was used to measure tissular malondialdehyde. RESULTS: Mean malondialdehyde dosages were 1.05 (0.44-2.03) and 2.60 (0.59- 6.4) nmol MDA/mg protein for G1 and G2, respectively. G2's mean value was significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.002). Significant statistical difference between the studied groups was found in relation the level of injury, with G1 presenting significantly lower levels than G2. CONCLUSIONS: The model showed that neonatal hypoxia may cause intestinal wall injury in rats. Despite the discreet histological injuries found, the method is suitable for evaluation of tissular free radicals.

Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo de tomografia computadorizada em 27 pacientes com anormalidades anatômicas definidas como agenesia total do corpo caloso, afastando-se os casos de agenesia parcial. Cada caso foi avaliado buscando-se as características tomográficas, incidência por sexo, idade, associação com a clínica e com outras malformações congênitas encefálicas. Nesta casuística, contudo, foram eliminados os casos de agenesia do corpo caloso associados a esquizencefalias, holoprosencefalias e malformações do complexo de Dandy-Walker.

We describe a retrospective study of 27 cases of complete agenesis of the corpus callosum examined by CT and not associated to schizencephaly, holoprosencephaly and Dandy-Walker complex. Partial agenesis is also not included in the present study. The imaging findings are correlated to sex, age and symptoms.