Abstract Objective The present study compares the analgesic efficacy of two techniques to perform non-surgical reduction: fracture hematoma block and radial nerve supracondylar block. Methods Forty patients with fractures of the distal third of the radius, who required reduction, were selected in a quasi-randomized clinical trial to receive one of the anesthetic techniques. All patients signed the informed consent form, except for those who did not wish to participate in the study, had neurological injury, had contraindication to the procedure in the emergency room, or with contraindication to the use of lidocaine. To measure analgesia, the numerical pain rate scale was used at four different moments: preblock, postblock, during reduction, and after reduction; then three differences were calculated: the first between before and after blocking; the second between during reduction and after blockade; and the third between before blocking and after reduction. Results The fracture hematoma and supracondylar block groups showed the following mean values, respectively: 3.90 (1–10) and 3.50 (-6–10) in difference 1; 4.35 (-5–10) and 5.00 (-3–10) in difference 2; and 4.65 (1–10) and 3.80 (-3–10) in difference 3. Conclusion Both techniques proved to be efficient for analgesia, with mild superiority of hematoma block, but without statistical significance. nonsurgical non surgical radius quasirandomized quasi randomized form injury room lidocaine analgesia moments preblock postblock calculated blockade values respectively 390 3 90 3.9 1–10 110 1 10 (1–10 350 50 3.5 6–10 610 6 (-6–10 435 4 35 4.3 5–10 510 5 (-5–10 500 00 5.0 3–10 310 (-3–10 2 465 65 4.6 380 80 3.8 significance 39 9 1–1 11 (1–1 6–1 61 (-6–1 43 4. 5–1 51 (-5–1 0 5. 3–1 31 (-3–1 46 38 8 1– (1– 6– (-6– 5– (-5– 3– (-3– (1 (-6 (-5 (-3 ( (-

Resumo Objetivo O estudo compara a eficácia analgésica de duas técnicas para realizar redução incruenta: o bloqueio de hematoma da fratura e o bloqueio supracondilar de nervo radial. Métodos Quarenta pacientes com fraturas do terço distal do rádio, que necessitassem redução, foram selecionados em um ensaio clínico quasi-randomizado, para receber uma das técnicas anestésicas. Todos os pacientes assinaram o termo de consentimento ou assentimento, com exceção daqueles que não desejassem participar do estudo, tivessem lesão neurológica, com contraindicação ao procedimento na sala de emergências, ou com contraindicação ao uso da lidocaína. Para aferir a analgesia foi utilizada a escala numérica da dor em quatro momentos distintos: pré-bloqueio, pós-bloqueio, durante a redução e após a redução; em seguida, foram calculadas três diferenças: a primeira entre antes e após o bloqueio; a segunda entre durante a redução e após o bloqueio; e a terceira entre antes do bloqueio e após a redução. Resultados Os grupos do bloqueio de hematoma de fratura e bloqueio supracondilar apresentaram respectivamente os seguintes valores médios: 3.90 (1–10) e 3.50 (-6–10) na diferença 1; 4.35 (-5–10) e 5.00 (-3–10) na diferença 2; e 4.65 (1–10) e 3.80 (-3–10) na diferença 3. Conclusão As duas técnicas se provaram eficientes para analgesia, com discreta superioridade do bloqueio de hematoma, mas sem significância estatística. incruenta radial rádio quasirandomizado, quasirandomizado quasi randomizado, randomizado quasi-randomizado anestésicas assentimento neurológica emergências lidocaína distintos prébloqueio, prébloqueio pré bloqueio, pré-bloqueio pósbloqueio, pósbloqueio pós pós-bloqueio seguida diferenças médios 390 3 90 3.9 1–10 110 1 10 (1–10 350 50 3.5 6–10 610 6 (-6–10 435 4 35 4.3 5–10 510 5 (-5–10 500 00 5.0 3–10 310 (-3–10 2 465 65 4.6 380 80 3.8 estatística 39 9 1–1 11 (1–1 6–1 61 (-6–1 43 4. 5–1 51 (-5–1 0 5. 3–1 31 (-3–1 46 38 8 1– (1– 6– (-6– 5– (-5– 3– (-3– (1 (-6 (-5 (-3 ( (-

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate if the type of electrode (needle vs. surface) affects the electromyoneurography parameters in rats. Methods: Twenty male rats were anesthetized, then compound muscle action potential were recorded using a Neuropack S1 MEB- 9400©. All animals were submitted to two electroneuromyography analysis: first with surface electrode and then by needle electrode. We evaluated the latency, amplitude, duration and area of the negative peak of the gastrocnemius and cranial tibial muscles. Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in the mean of duration, latency, amplitude or area of the negative peak in gastrocnemius and cranial tibial muscles. Conclusion: The type of electrode does not affect the electroneuromyography parameters.

Abstract Purpose: To develop a new low-cost, easy-to-make and available training model using chickens’ intestine for infant intestinal anastomosis. Methods: Segments of chicken intestine were used to create an intestinal anastomosis simulator. We tried to perform an end-to-end, end-to-side and side-to-side anastomosis. Handsewn sutured anastomosis were performed in single layered with interrupted prolene 5-0 suture. The parameters analyzed were cost, intestine's diameter and length, anastomosis patency and flow-through and leakage amount. Results: In all cases it was possible to make the anastomosis in double layered without difficulties, different from the usual ones. There was a positive patency at all anastomoses after the end of the procedure, with no need for reinterventions. Conclusion: The new training model using chickens’ intestine for infant intestinal anastomosis is low-cost, easy-to-make and easy available.

Abstract Purpose: To verify the influence of oophorectomy on lipidogram and glycemia. Methods: Fifty six female rats were divided into the following 7 groups (n = 8): group 1 - sham group, group 2 - oophorectomy 30 days, group 3 - oophorectomy 35 days, group 4 - oophorectomy 40 days, group 5 - oophorectomy 45 days, group 6 - oophorectomy 70 days, group 7 - oophorectomy 55 days. Animals were following by number of days according the group. Was evaluated the serum levels of glucose and lipid profile. Results: The oophorectomized rats presented higher glycemia. Groups 3, 4, 6 and 7 had a higher glycemia and LDL levels (except for group 6) and groups 6 and 7 had lowest levels of HDL. Group 7 had highest level of VLDL than oophorectomy groups. There was no difference in triglycerides levels. Conclusion: Oophorectomy was related to dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, mainly after 50th days.

RESUMO Racional: O melhor sítio para implante esplênico não foi definido, principalmente avaliando a funcionalidade do implante. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do implante esplênico autógeno subcutâneo na sobrevida de ratos esplenectomizados. Métodos: Foram estudados 21 ratos alocados aleatoriamente em três grupos (n=7): grupo 1 - manipulação da cavidade abdominal e preservação do baço; grupo 2 - esplenectomia total; grupo 3 - esplenectomia e implante do tecido retirado no subcutâneo. Os animais foram acompanhados por 90 dias pós-operatórios. Resultados: Houve mortalidade maior nos grupos 2 (p=0,0072) e 3 (p=0,0172) em relação ao grupo 1. Não houve diferença entre os grupos 2 e 3 (p=0,9817). Conclusão: O implante esplênico no subcutâneo é ineficaz na sobrevida de ratos submetidos à esplenectomia.

ABSTRACT Background: The best site for splenic implant was not defined, mainly evaluating the functionality of the implant. Aim: To evaluate the effects of autogenous splenic implantation on the subcutaneous tissue in the survival of splenectomized rats. Method: Twenty-one randomly assigned rats were studied in three groups (n=7): group 1 - manipulation of the abdominal cavity and preservation of the spleen; group 2 - total splenectomy; group 3 - splenectomy and implant of the tissue removed in the subcutaneous. The animals were followed for 90 days postoperatively. Results: There was a higher mortality in groups 2 (p=0.0072) and 3 (p=0.0172) in relation to group 1. There was no difference between groups 2 and 3 (p=0.9817). Conclusion: The splenic implant in the subcutaneous is ineffective in the survival of rats submitted to splenectomy.

Abstract Purpose: To compare the continuous and interrupted suture technique on femoral artery on rats after vessel repair and 14 days after. Methods: Twenty rats were operated randomly divided into two group matched according to the suture technique used: interrupted or continuous. We performed a femoral anastomosis on the right femoral artery. We analyzed weight, arterial caliber, anastomosis time and patency after vessel repair and 14 days after. Results: There was no significant difference between groups in the weight (p=0.64), diameter of the femoral artery (p=0.95) and patency (p=1.00). The time spent in the anastomosis was 451 seconds in the continuous group and 718 seconds in the interrupted group, presenting significant difference (p<0.01). Conclusion: The continuous suture technique shows a similar patency rates than interrupted technique, however with a shorter time to perform the anastomosis.

Resumo Anastomoses vasculares são procedimentos comuns realizados por grande parte dos cirurgiões e cujo treinamento ocorre principalmente em seres humanos, contrariando os princípios éticos vigentes. Esse fato se deve, sobretudo, à carência e ao alto custo relacionados aos atuais modelos de treinamento. Assim, este estudo visa avaliar a viabilidade de três vegetais para a realização de anastomoses vasculares. Foram utilizadas cinco unidades de cebolinha, vagem e feijão-verde. Em cada uma tentou-se realizar uma anastomose término-terminal. Conseguiu-se a realização da anastomose apenas na vagem e no feijão-verde. Contudo, por apresentar uma menor espessura, o feijão-verde assemelhou-se mais aos vasos humanos.

Abstract Vascular anastomoses are common procedures and are performed by most surgeons. Training is primarily conducted in human beings, which violates current ethical principles. This is because current training models are expensive and in short supply. This study was designed to investigate the feasibility of three vegetable models of vascular anastomosis. Five units each of scallions, green beans, and yardlong beans were used. An end-to-end anastomosis was attempted with each specimen. Anastomoses were only successful in green beans and yardlong beans. Since they are narrower, the yardlong beans are the most similar to human vessels.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate if combination of perconditioning and postconditioning provides improved renal protection compared to perconditioning alone in a model of renal reperfusion injury. Methods: Thirty rats were assigned into 6 groups: normality; sham; ischemia and reperfusion; postconditioning; perconditioning; perconditioning + postconditioning. Animals were subjected to right nephrectomy and left renal ischemia for 30 minutes. Postconditioning consisted of 3 cycles of 5 min renal perfusion followed by 5 min of renal ischemia after major ischemic period. Perconditioning consisted of 3 cycles of 5 min hindlimb ischemia followed by 5 min of hindlimb perfusion contemporaneously to renal major ischemic period. After 24 hours, kidney was harvested and blood collected to measure urea and creatinine. Results: Perconditioning obtained better values for creatinine and urea level than only postconditioning (p<0.01); performing both techniques contemporaneously had no increased results (p>0.05). Regarding tissue structure, perconditioning was the only technique to protect the glomerulus and tubules (p<0.05), while postconditioning protected only the glomerulus (p<0.05). Combination of both techniques shows no effect on glomerulus or tubules (p>0.05). Conclusions: Perconditioning had promising results on ischemia and reperfusion induced kidney injury, enhanced kidney function and protected glomerulus and tubules. There was no additive protection when postconditioning and perconditioning were combined.

Resumo Os vasos femorais de 80 ratos foram identificados e dissecados. O comprimento e o diâmetro externo da artéria e da veia femoral foram mensurados com o auxílio de um microscópio e um sistema de magnificação por vídeo. Esses parâmetros foram correlacionados com o peso do animal. O comprimento de ambos os vasos femorais foi de 14,33 mm, e a média do diâmetro das artérias foi de 0,65 mm, e das veias, de 0,81 mm. Na nossa amostra, o peso dos animais se correlacionou apenas com o diâmetro da veia femoral.

Abstract The right femoral vessels of 80 rats were identified and dissected. External lengths and diameters of femoral arteries and femoral veins were measured using either a microscope or a video magnification system. Findings were correlated to animals’ weights. Mean length was 14.33 mm for both femoral arteries and femoral veins, mean diameter of arteries was 0.65 mm and diameter of veins was 0.81 mm. In our sample, rats’ body weights were only correlated with the diameter of their femoral veins.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To verify the publication rate of the abstracts presented at the XII Brazilian Congress of Experimental Surgery. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study that evaluated if the abstracts accepted for presentation at the XII Brazilian Congress of Experimental Surgery were published in periodics. The information was acquired using the Scielo, Medline / Pubmed, LILACS and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS: From all the abstracts presented, only 77 (40.52%) were published in scientific journals. Of this total, 14 (18.18%) were published prior to the conference 35 (45.45%) in the same year that occurred congress, 56 (72.72%) in the period 2011-2013 and 63 (81, 81%) between the Congress and the year 2015. Regarding the geographical distribution of summaries, 42 (22%) were from the northern region, 19 (10%) from the Northeast, 8 (4%) Midwest, 116 (61%) from the Southeast and 5 (3%) from the south. CONCLUSION: The publication rate of the abstracts presented at the XII Brazilian Congress of Experimental Surgery was 40,52%, most from the state of Sao Paulo.

OBJETIVO: Este estudo objetiva elucidar o papel do baço e do aloenxerto esplênico no controle lipídico e avaliar seu efeito no lipidograma de ratos.MÉTODO: Foram distribuídos aleatoriamente 32 ratos machos da linhagem Wistar em quatro grupos: grupo controle (1), grupo esplenectomia total (2), grupo esplenectomia e implante de aloenxerto (3) e grupo baço duplo (4). Cada grupo foi subdividido em dois subgrupos: A e B, com base na morte dos animais após 30 ou 120 dias de acompanhamento. Os procedimentos nos animais dos grupos 2, 3 e 4 foram feitos simultaneamente, sendo que os animais esplenectomizados, grupos 2 e 3, foram doadores, respectivamente, para os animais dos grupos 3 e 4. No grupo 4 preservou-se o baço dos animais e implantou-se outro baço oriundo dos ratos do grupo 3. A regeneração do tecido esplênico foi avaliada por análises macro e microscópicas dos enxertos e dos baço próprios, bem como dosagens de VLDL, HDL, LDL, colesterol total e triglicérides.RESULTADOS: O Grupo 4 apresentou, após 120 dias, níveis de LDL e colesterol total inferiores aos demais grupos. O Grupo 1 apresentou os níveis de lipidograma mais elevados.CONCLUSÃO: A técnica do baço duplo foi eficaz no controle do metabolismo lipídico, comprovando a função do baço como reserva de lipídios.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the role of the spleen and splenic allograft in lipid control and evaluate its effect on the lipid profile of rats.METHOD: 32 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control group (1), total splenectomy group (2), splenectomy and implantation of allograft group (3) and double spleen group (4). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups: A and B, based on the death of the animals after 30 or 120 days of monitoring. The procedures in groups 2, 3 and 4 were made simultaneously, and splenectomized animals, groups 2 and 3 were donors, respectively, for the animals of groups 3 and 4. In group 4 the spleen was preserved and the animals received implants from the spleens of rats from group 3. The regeneration of splenic tissue was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic analyzes of the grafts and own spleens, as well as with measurements of VLDL, HDL, LDL, total cholesterol and triglycerides.RESULTS: after 120 days, Group 4 showed levels of total cholesterol and LDL lower than the other groups. Group 1 had higher levels of lipids.CONCLUSION: The technique of double spleen was effective in the control of lipid metabolism, corroborating the function of the spleen as a reserve of lipids.

PURPOSE: To describe a new model to passive smoking for rodents. METHODS: Twenty rats were distributed into two study groups (N=10): control group (CG), that was not exposed to tobacco smoke and used as normal standard for biochemical and histological analysis; Experimental Group (EG), that Animals were exposed to the passive smoking; Euthanasia was performed after 14 days of exposure. The serum level of nicotine and histological analysis were performed. RESULTS: There was a statistical difference on the nicotine serum levels between Experimental and Control group, with level of 286 ±23 nanograma/mL in the EG and undetectable on CG (p<0.01). The histological study suggested the model efficacy producing alveolar destruction and emphysema in the EG compared with the insignificant lesions in the CG's lung. CONCLUSION: The model of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke for rodents induced easily the changes related to secondhand smoke.

FUNDAMENTOS: A gênese do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) está intimamente relacionada à ruptura de "placas vulneráveis". Estudos anatomopatológicos sugerem uma distribuição não-homogênea dessas placas ao longo da árvore coronária. Neste estudo, visamos a estabelecer as "zonas vulneráveis", no sentido de obter um mapa do risco de maior probabilidade de ocorrência de IAM. MÉTODO: Neste estudo, foram analisados 82 pacientes consecutivos tratados com angioplastia primária em um centro terciário de referência, no período de janeiro a setembro de 2007. Somente foram incluídos pacientes com IAM com elevação do segmento ST, com fluxo coronário TIMI 0/1. Após definir o segmento de oclusão, utilizando a segmentação coronária do Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS), mensuramos a distância do ponto de oclusão do vaso culpado até seu óstio, com software dedicado (CMS-Medis). O modelo de regressão de Poisson foi utilizado para determinar o risco de IAM, baseado na distância da oclusão a partir do óstio coronário. RESULTADOS: A média das idades foi de 60 anos e 73,1% dos pacientes eram homens. A artéria descendente anterior foi o vaso culpado mais prevalente (46,3%). O diâmetro médio de referência do vaso foi de 2,8 ± 0,6 mm. Para cada segmento de 10 mm a partir do óstio do vaso-alvo, foi observada, pela regressão de Poisson, redução de 36,9% no risco de oclusão aguda do vaso. Nesta coorte notou-se distribuição não homogênea das placas vulneráveis, com maior prevalência nos segmentos proximais dos vasos epicárdicos. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados desta análise in vivo estão em concordância com os estudos anatomopatológicos prévios. Identificação das "zonas vulneráveis" na árvore coronária pode ajudar a selecionar dispositivos diagnósticos e de prevenção/tratamento das placas vulneráveis.

BACKGROUND: The genesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) seems to be closely correlated with the rupture of vulnerable plaques. Anatomical-pathological evaluations have suggested that there is a non-homogeneous distribution of these unstable plaques along the coronary arteries. We sought to establish the "vulnerable zones" in order to obtain a risk map for AMI. METHODS: Eighty-two consecutive patients treated with primary angioplasty in a reference tertiary center, from January to September 2007, were enrolled in this analysis. Only ST elevation AMI patients with documented TIMI flow 0/1 were included. After defining the occluded segment using the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) classification, we measured the distance from the occlusion point in the culprit vessel to ostium using dedicated software (CMS-Medis). Poisson's regression model was used to determine the risk of AMI based on the distance between the occlusion and the coronary ostium. RESULTS: Mean age was 60 years and most patients were men (73.1%). LAD was the culprit vessel in most cases (46.3%). Mean reference vessel diameter was 2.8 ± 0.6 mm. For each 10 mm segment distal from the target vessel ostium, a 36.9% reduction in the chance of acute closure of the vessel was observed by the Poisson's regression model. In this cohort there was a non-homogeneous distribution of vulnerable plaques, with higher prevalence in the proximal segments of epicardic vessels. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this in vivo analysis are in agreement with previous anatomical-pathological studies. Identification of "vulnerable zones" in the coronary tree may help to select devices for diagnostic purposes and for the prevention/ treatment of vulnerable plaques.

O presente trabalho descreve a ocorrência de fungos filamentosos sobre a superfície do corpo de abelhas da espécie Melipona subnitida Ducke, que habita regiões pedregosas do semi-árido nordestino. Abelhas com causa de morte natural foram coletadas de colméias pertencentes ao Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Foram encontrados os fungos: Aspergillus sp. 6 (37,5%); Aspergillus niger 2 (12,5%); Penicilium sp. 2 (12,5%); Aspergillus terreus 1 (6,3%); Curvularia sp. 1 (6,3%); Monilia sp. 1 (6,3%); Nigrospora sp. 1 (6,3%); Cladosporium sp. 1 (6,3%); Tricoderma sp. 1 (6,3%).

This paper reports on the occurrence of filamentous fungi found on the surface of the bee’s body from the specie Melipona subnitida Ducke that inhabits rocky places on the semi-arid Northeastern Brazil. Bees with cause of natural death were collected of beehives belonging to the Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. We found the fungi: Aspergillus sp. 6 (37.5%); Aspergillus niger 2 (12.5%); Penicilium sp. 2 (12.5%); Aspergillus terreus 1 (6.3%); Curvularia sp. 1 (6.35%); Monilia sp. 1 (6.3%); Nigrospora sp. 1 (6.3%); Cladosporium sp. 1 (6.3%); Tricoderma sp. 1 (6.3%).