RESUMO Os minerais desempenham diversas funções no organismo, como ações de coagulação, contração muscular, produção enzimática e hormonal, entre outras. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de minerais quelatados e não quelatados, por 150 dias, com e sem oxalato de potássio, sobre parâmetros sorológicos e densidade mineral óssea em equinos. Vinte e quatro filhotes mestiços (12 fêmeas e 12 machos), com idade média de 21±3 meses e peso corporal de 330,8±37,9kg, foram divididos em quatro grupos contendo seis equinos cada (três fêmeas e três machos), em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com repetição medida em arranjo fatorial 2x2. Os tratamentos foram: 1 - composto mineral quelatado; 2 - composto mineral quelatado e oxalato de potássio; 3 - composto mineral não quelatado; e 4 - composto mineral não quelatado e oxalato de potássio. Os sinais clínicos do hiperparatireoidismo secundário nutricional (NSH) foram observados apenas no tratamento 4. Os resultados não mostraram efeito de tratamento na biópsia óssea para cálcio, fósforo e densidade óssea. Houve redução significativa do hormônio da paratireoide (PTH) em concentrações médias nos tratamentos 2 e 4 durante a suplementação. Os animais suplementados com compostos minerais quelatados evitaram desequilíbrios minerais e NSH, mesmo quando desafiados no oxalato de potássio na dieta.

ABSTRACT Minerals perform several functions in the body, such as coagulation actions, muscle contraction, enzymatic and hormonal production, among others. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a 150 days chelated and not chelated mineral supplementation with and without potassium oxalate on serological parameters and bone mineral density of horses. Twenty-four crossbred yearlings (12 females and 12 males) with an average age of 21±3 months and body weight of 330.8±37.9kg were divided into four groups containing six equines in each (three females and three males) in a completely randomized design with repeated measurements in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. Treatments were: 1 - chelated minerals compound; 2 - chelated minerals compound and potassium oxalate; 3 - not chelated minerals compound; and 4 - not chelated minerals compound and potassium oxalate. Clinical signs of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (NSH) were observed only in treatment 4. Results showed no treatment effect in bone biopsy for calcium, phosphorus and bone density. There were significant reductions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) means concentrations in treatments 2 and 4 during supplementation. Animals supplemented with chelated minerals compounds avoided mineral imbalances and NSH even when in dietary potassium oxalate challenged.

Samples obtained from four wells located at Bancalari, Buenos Aires Province, have been analysed in order to define textural parameters, petrofacies, palaeoenvironments and palaeoclimate evolution. The samples were obtained from the upper part of the Puelches Formation and from the Pampean and Postpampean sediments; in particular this paper highlights the informally named Preensenadense interval. Six textural groups (I to VI) and two petrofacies (A and B) have been recognised. Groups I to III represent fluvial sands (I), gradually overlain by backswamp and lake deposits (II -III), generated on very low slope and well-drained floodplains, with oxidizing conditions. Groups II and III are assigned to Preensenadense interval. The three groups are included in petrofacies A (Qt:F:L = 43:49:8), of sedimentary and basement provenance, which has an igneous metamorphic heavy suite, scarce hornblende and dominance of smectite over illite. By contrast the upper groups (IV to VI) show more varied depositional settings, including aeolian, fluvial and marine environments. Group IV is loessic and corresponds to the Ensenada Formation. Group V, the Lujan Formation (Río Salado Member), is composed of fluvial plain deposits deposited during a wet and temperate climate. Marine silts and clays (group VI) represent a transgression over terrestrial environments and record of the so-called Querandino event. The three upper groups are included in petrofacies B (12:56:32), and have a magmatic arc provenance, with plagioclase dominance and contributions of volcaniclastic and vitroclastic material. It contains a heavy-mineral suite mainly composed of hornblende and it has more illite than smectite.

Se estudian el sector cuspidal de la Formación Puelches y los sedimentos pampeanos y postpampeanos, especialmente el intervalo designado como preensenadense, a fin de definir sus características texturales y petrofacies y determinar su evolución paleoambiental y paleoclimática. Se utilizaron muestras de cuatro perforaciones realizadas en la localidad bonaerense de Bancalari, las que permitieron diferenciar seis grupos texturales, (I a VI) y dos petrofacies (A y B). Los grupos I a III representan subambientes fluviales genéticamente vinculados, incluyendo típicos niveles arenosos de la Formación Puelches (I), gradualmente cubiertos por sedimentos depositados en lagunas (II-III), formadas en planicies de inundación de muy baja pendiente, con buen drenaje y bajo condiciones oxidantes. Los grupos II y III se asignan al preensenadense. Los tres grupos basales presentan petrofacies A (Qt:F:L = 43:49:8), procedente de rocas sedimentarias derivadas de basamento, con suite pesada igneo metamórfica, escasa hornblenda y smectita predominando sobre illita. Los tres grupos cuspidales fueron depositados en distintos ambientes. El IV es loéssico y se asigna a la Formación Ensenada. El V representa depósitos de charcos de agua poco profundos en la planicie de inundación y corresponde al Miembro Río Salado de la Formación Luján, acumulado bajo condiciones climáticas templadas y húmedas. Los sedimentos limo arcillosos que constituyen el grupo VI, representan el avance del mar y se atribuyen a los designados como querandino. Los tres grupos cuspidales presentan petrofacies B (12:56:32), procedente del arco magmático andino, con neto predominio de plagioclasa, contribución de volcaniclastos y vitroclastos, con asociación pesada dominada por hornblenda e illita predominando sobre smectita.

Mineralogical analysis based on fine sand and coarse silt fraction from soils and fluvial and aeolian recent sediments of the Pampa Húmeda (Wet Pampas) and the northen region of Santa Fe province and part of the Mesopotamia (Entre Ríos and Corrientes provinces) allowed to define two zones characterized by two genetically different mineralogical associations. Minerals of volcanic - pyroclastic origin (heavy: green, basaltic and brown hornblende, hypersthene, enstatite, augite, magnetite, hematite, ilmenite, leucoxene, epidote, zoicite, and light: plagioclase, volcanic fragments, pumice and glass shards, quartz, orthoclase) are observed over a broad area including whole Buenos Aires and Cordoba provinces, northwestern regions of La Pampa, central and southern Santa Fe and southern Entre Ríos. The provenence of these minerals included the pampean and post-pampean sediments and scarce contribution from volcanic Mesozoic rocks of north Patagonia, Sierras Pampeanas and also Quaternary pyroclastic eruptions. Conversely, a heavy suite of metamorphic provenence (staurolite, kyanite, sillimanite, andalusite, hornblende, epidote, opaques) and a light association composed of igneous and metamorphic clast (monocrystalline and polycrystalline quartz, orthoclase,microcline, schists) and others of sedimentary origin (quartz arenites) is recorded in Corrientes and northern Santa Fe and Entre Ríos provinces. These minerals are coming from older basement rocks outcropping in Brazil and Uruguay and the younger overlain sedimentary succession. The peculiar material distribution is related to the drainage systems and wind pattern. Quartz 30% frecuency isoplet points out the limit between both mineralogical associations.

Análisis mineralógicos de las fracciones arena fina y limo grueso de suelos y sedimentos actuales fluviales y eólicos de la pampa húmeda del norte de Santa Fe y parte de la Mesopotamia (Entre Ríos y Corrientes), permiten establecer dos zonas caracterizadas por sendas asociaciones mineralógicas genéticamente diferentes. En el área que comprende las provincias de Buenos Aires, noroeste de La Pampa, Córdoba, centro y sur de Santa Fe y sur de Entre Ríos, tanto los componentes pesados (hornblenda verde, basáltica, castaña, hipersteno, enstatita, augita, magnetita, hematita, ilmenita, leucoxeno, epidoto, zoicita) como livianos (plagioclasas, litoclastos de volcanitas, vitroclastos, cuarzo, ortosa), tienen un origen volcánico piroclástico y derivan en gran parte de sedimentos pampeanos y postpampeanos a los que se añaden materiales propios de las volcanitas mesozoicas norpatagónicas, del basamento de Sierras Pampeanas y de las erupciones piroclásticas cuaternarias. En Corrientes y el norte de Santa Fe y Entre Ríos, la suite de minerales pesados (estaurolita, cianita, sillimanita, andalusita, hornblenda, epidoto, opacos) refleja aporte metamórfico y la asociación de livianos (cuarzo mono y policristalino, ortosa, microclino, metamorfitas cuarzo-micáceas, arenitas cuarzosas), indica además contribución ígnea y sedimentaria procedente del cratón aflorante en Brasil y Uruguay y de las sucesiones sedimentarias superpuestas. La particular distribución de los materiales está condicionada a las diferentes direcciones de las redes de drenaje y a la acción de los vientos dominantes. La isopleta correspondiente al 30% de frecuencia del cuarzo marca el límite de las dos asociaciones mineralógicas.