RESUMO: Buscamos por um impacto positivo de utilidade nas espécies invasoras como Pterygoplichthys spp. Foi avaliado o nível ótimo de substituição da farinha de sardinha (SM) pela farinha de Pterygoplichthys spp. (PML) em dietas práticas para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Foram utilizadas seis dietas experimentais; 50% PLM-50% SM, 60% PLM-40% SM, 70% PLM-30% SM, 80% PLM-20% SM, 90% PLM-10% SM e 100% PLM-0% SM. Em sistema de recirculação foram colocados 270 filhotes de tilápia machos (0.7 ± 0.1 g). As dietas foram triplicadas, o experimento durou 56 dias com amostragem a cada 14 dias, não houve diferença estatística para o crescimento. No final do experimento, foram determinados SGR, ADG, CF, WG, DFI, FCR e PER, não encontrando diferenças significativas (P> 0,05), embora tenha havido uma tendência indicando maior WG e PER na dieta 90% PLM-10% SM (93,56 ± 0,43% e 8,44 ± 1,18 g). A sobrevida foi superior a 90%, sem diferenças significativas. Além disso, não houve diferenças significativas na composição proximal de todo o peixe, enquanto o aparente coeficiente de digestibilidade de proteínas (81-90%) e lipídios (87-93%) também não mostrou diferenças significativas. Podemos concluir que o uso de 100% de farinha de Pterygoplichthys spp. pode substituir 100% de farinha de sardinha na alimentação de jovens O. niloticus sem afetar a sobrevivência, o crescimento, a composição química e a digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes.

ABSTRACT: We search for positive utility impact on the invasive species Pterygoplichthys spp. The optimal level of replacement of sardine meal (SM) by Pterygoplichthys spp. meal (PLM) in practical feeds for fry of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was evaluated. We evaluated six experimental diets: 50% PLM-50% SM, 60% PLM-40% SM, 70% PLM-30% SM, 80% PLM-20% SM, 90% PLM-10% SM and 100% PLM-0% SM. In a recirculation system, 270 sex-reversed tilapia fry were used (0.7 ± 0.1 g). Diets were administered in triplicate and the experiment lasted 56 days with sampling every 14 days. There were no statistical differences in growth. At the end of the experiment, the SGR, ADG, CF, WG, DFI, FCR and PER were determined without significant differences (P > 0.05) between treatments, but there was a tendency that could indicated higher WG and PER in the 90% PLM-10% SM treatment (93.56 ± 0.43% and 8.44 ± 1.18 g, respectively). All survival rates were higher than 90% with no significant differences. Additionally, there were no statistical differences in the chemical composition of the whole fish, while apparent digestibility coefficients of protein (81-90%) and lipids (87-93%) also showed no significant differences. We concluded that 100% PLM can replace 100% SM in feeding fry of O. niloticus without affecting their survival, growth or chemical composition or the apparent digestibility of nutrients.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Bipolar enucleation of the prostate can be an effective alternative to the technique of Holmium laser enucleation in patients with large adenomas. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bipolar enucleation of the prostate for the treatment of obstructive prostatic hyperplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational, analytic, and descriptive study was conducted on patients indicated for relative and absolute endourologic treatment of prostatic hyperplasia. The preoperative and postoperative (six months) parameters of IPSS, quality of life (QoL), prostate volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, pre-micturition and post-micturition bladder volumes, and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) were analyzed. Perioperative characteristics: surgery duration, enucleated prostate tissue; enucleated tissue per time unit (g/min), hospital stay, and catheterization duration. The statistical analysis was carried out using the Excel program and the SPSS statistical package. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included in the study. Acute urinary retention was the most common indication for surgery (56%), followed by refractoriness to medical treatment (40%). In means, IPSS was 22.72 ± 7.65, prostate volume 92.97 ± 68.61, prostate-specific antigen 6.4 ± 4.38 ng/mL, surgery duration 113.97 ± 52.1 min, enucleated prostate tissue 65 ± 56.54 g, enucleation/resection efficacy 0.59 ± 0.35 g/min, hospital stay 4.31 days, and postoperative catheterization duration 3.4 days. At month six of follow-up, none of the patients presented with acute urinary retention, mean prostate-specific antigen was 1.61 ± 0.7, and mean IPSS was 4.8 ± 2.1. Only two patients presented with mild stress urinary incontinence. CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar enucleation of the prostate is a safe and effective alternative technique in patients with obstructive prostatic hyperplasia.

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: La enucleación prostática con energía bipolar puede ser una alternativa efectiva a la técnica de enucleación con láser de holmio en pacientes con adenomas de gran tamaño. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de la enucleación prostática con energía bipolar en pacientes con hiperplasia prostática obstructiva. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo, observacional, analítico y descriptivo, efectuado en pacientes con indicación relativa y absoluta de tratamiento endourológico de hiperplasia prostática. Se analizaron parámetros pre y posoperatorios (seis meses) como: IPSS, calidad de vida (QoL), volumen prostático, concentración de antígeno prostático específico (APE), volumen vesical pre y posmiccional, y flujo urinario máximo (Qmax). Características perioperatorias: tiempo quirúrgico, tejido prostático enucleado, tejido enucleado por unidad de tiempo (g/min), tiempo de hospitalización y de cateterización. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa Excel y SPSS. RESULTADOS: Se registraron 30 pacientes. La indicación más común de cirugía fue retención aguda de orina (56%) y resistencia al tratamiento farmacológico (40%). La media del IPSS 22.72 ± 7.65 y volumen prostático 92.97 ± 68.61; concentración de antígeno prostático específico 6.4 ± 4.38 ng/mL, tiempo quirúrgico 113.97 ± 52.1 min y tejido prostático enucleado 65 ± 56.5 g. La eficacia de enucleación-resección fue de 0.59 ± 0.35 g/min, tiempo promedio de hospitalización 4.3 días y de cateterización posoperatoria 3.4 días. A seis meses de seguimiento no se reportó retención aguda de orina; la media de antígeno prostático fue 1.6 ± 0.7 e IPSS 4.8 ± 2.1. Solo dos pacientes tuvieron incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo leve. CONCLUSIÓN: La enucleación prostática con energía bipolar es una técnica alternativa efectiva y segura en pacientes con hiperplasia prostática obstructiva.

El choque cardiogénico es la principal causa de muerte entre los pacientes que presentan un síndrome coronario agudo. Después de la revisión histórica y de los conceptos fisiológicos y fisiopatológicos de esta condición clínica expuesta en la primera parte, se revisa su abordaje terapéutico, principalmente la revascularización de emergencia con angioplastía o cirugía.

Cardiogenic shock: History, pathophysiology and therapeutical implications. Part II. Cardiogenic shock is the first cause of death among patients with acute coronary syndromes. After a previous discussion of the history and the physiologic and pathophysiologic aspects of this clinical condition in part 1, we review the therapeutic management which predominantly involves urgent angioplasty with stenting or coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

El choque cardiogénico es la principal causa de muerte entre los pacientes que presentan un sindrome coronario agudo. Se presenta una revision histórica y conceptos fisiológicos y fisiopatológicos de esta condición clínica que son la base para su abordaje terapéutico, principalmente la revasculrización de emergencia con angioplastia o cirugía.

Cardiogenic shock: History, pathophysiology and therapeutic implications. Part I. Cardiogenic shock is the major cause of death among patients with acute coronary syndrome. The history as well as physiologic and pathophysiologic analysis of this clinical condition, based on its therapeutic management, are presented. This management predominantly involves urgent coronary angioplasty/stent placement or coronary artery bypass surgery.

Se ha desarrollado un protocolo para la producción y masificación de células de achiote en suspensión, a partir de callos friables obtenidos de tejidos de hojas, como estrategia para la obtención de metabolitos antiofídícos, especialmente compuestos fenólicos, y para ello se ha evaluado el efecto de las concentraciones de inóculo, glucosa, fósforo y nitrógeno sobre la cinética de crecimiento celular, en el medio ½MS+2,4-D (5 ppm)+BAP (1 ppm), almacenados a 25º C, en oscuridad y a 140 rpm, utilizando un diseño factorial completamente aleatorizado de cuatro factores y dos niveles, con evaluación a los 20 y 40 días de establecimiento. El tratamiento que presenta la mayor producción de biomasa de células de achiote en suspensión tiene una concentración inicial de biomasa de 4 g/l, 20 g/l de glucosa, 0.13 g/l de fósforo y 2.52 g/l de nitrógeno. La cinética de crecimiento de las células de achiote en suspensión, en las condiciones de cultivo de este tratamiento, presenta una fase exponencial bien definida de 25 días; a partir de allí se establece una fase estacionaria hasta el tiempo final de la evaluación (40 días). Se comparan los contenidos de fenoles totales entre el material obtenido in vitro y el material vegetal proveniente de plantas crecidas ex-vitro, como criterio válido para justificar posteriores trabajos de producción metabólica in-vitro en esta especie vegetal.

A protocol for production and massification of achiote cells in suspension from friable calli of leaf tissues, has been developed as a strategy to obtain antiophidics metabolites, especially phenolics compounds. Concentration effects of, inoculum, glucose, phosphorus and nitrogen, on cellular growth kinetics were evaluated in ½ MS+2,4-D (5 ppm)+BAP (1 ppm) medium, stored at 25º C, darkness and 140 rpm, using a randomized factorial design with 4 factors, two levels and evaluation at 20 and 40 days of establishment. Treatment with highest biomass production of achiote cells in suspension, had an initial biomass concentration of 4g/l, glucose 20g/l, phosphorus 0,13g/l and nitrogen 2,52 g/l. Kinetics growth of achiote cells in suspension in culture conditions, presented a well defined exponential phase of 25 days, since then a stationary phase until the end of the evaluation (40 days). Total phenols contents among material obtained in-vitro and vegetable material obtained ex vitro were compared as a valid criteria to justify later works of in-vitro metabolic production in this vegetable specie.