Abstract: This study aimed to compare the mechanical and functional muscle performance of three different competitive soccer teams of the Costa Rica professional league (U17, Pro A, and Pro B). Age 20.09 ± 4.32 years old, weight body mass 70.85 ± 7.45 kg, height 174.56 ± 4.97 cm; body fat percentage 13.9 ± 5.06 %; lean body mass 57.90 ± 4.88 kg; lean body mass right lower limb 10.11 ± 0.87 kg; lean body mass leth lower limb 10.09 ± 0.92 kg. The variables assessed were muscle time of contraction, muscle radial displacement, delay time, squat jump, and countermovement jump. The devices used were dual ray absorptiometry, tensiomyography, and jump platform. There were differences in weight, body mass, and body fat % (Pro A< U17<Pro B). There was a difference in group squat jump performance (Pro A> U17). There were no significant differences in muscle time of contraction, delay time, or radial deformation. The knowledge of differences in both muscle functional and mechanical performance could lead to new training and recovery methods and protocols considering the player’s professional levels.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o desempenho mecânico e funcional de três diferentes equipes de futebol competitivas da liga profissional costarriquenha (U17, Pro A, Pro B). Idade 20,09 ± 4,32 anos, massa corporal 70,85 ± 7,45 kg, altura 174,56 ± 4,97 cm; percentual de gordura 13,9 ± 5,06%; massa magra 57,90 ± 4,88 kg; massa magra extremidade inferior direita 10,11 ± 0,87 kg; massa magra membro inferior esquerdo 10,09 ± 0,92 kg. As variáveis avaliadas foram: tempo de contração muscular, deslocamento radial do músculo, tempo de atraso, salto de cócoras e contra salto. Os dispositivos utilizados foram a absorciometria por raios-X com dupla energia, a tensiomiografia e a plataforma de salto. Foram encontradas diferenças na massa corporal e na gordura. % (Pro A <U17 <Pro B). Houve diferenças no desempenho do salto de agachamento por grupo (Pro A> U17). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas no tempo de contração muscular, tempo de atraso ou deformação radial. O conhecimento das diferenças tanto no desempenho muscular funcional quanto mecânico poderia levar a novos métodos e protocolos de treinamento e recuperação, considerando os níveis profissionais do jogador.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el rendimiento muscular mecánico y funcional de tres equipos de fútbol competitivos diferentes de la liga profesional de Costa Rica (U17, Pro A, Pro B). Edad 20.09 ± 4.32 años, ; masa corporal 70.85 ± 7.45 kg, ; altura 174.56 ± 4.97 cm; porcentaje de grasa 13.9 ± 5.06 %; masa magra 57.90 ± 4.88 kg; masa magra extremidad inferior derecha 10.11 ± 0.87 kg; masa magra izquierda miembro inferior izquierdo 10.09 ± 0,92 kg. Las variables evaluadas fueron: tiempo de contracción muscular, desplazamiento radial del músculo, tiempo de retraso, salto en cuclillas y salto de contraataque. Los dispositivos utilizados fueron la absorciometría de doble rayo, la tensiomiografía y la plataforma de salto. Se encontraron diferencias en la masa corporal y la grasa. % (Pro A < U17 < Pro B). Hubo diferencias en el rendimiento del salto en sentadilla por grupos (Pro A > U17). No hubo diferencias significativas en el tiempo de contracción muscular, el tiempo de retraso o la deformación radial. El conocimiento de las diferencias en Ttanto en el rendimiento funcional como en el mecánico del músculo podría conducir a nuevos métodos y protocolos de entrenamiento y recuperación considerando los niveles profesionales del jugador.

Resumen Objetivo: Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar los posibles factores que retrasan el tiempo de diagnóstico de la enfermedad de Huntington (EH). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal en pacientes con EH. Las variables registradas fueron repetidos de CAG, edad de inicio, síntoma primario de inicio, edad de diagnóstico molecular y tiempo hasta el diagnóstico, entre otras. Resultados: 107 pacientes (50.5% mujeres) con una edad media de 49 ± 12.8 años fueron incluidos en el estudio. La mediana de repetidos de CAG fue 45 (38-73). La edad media de inicio, la edad media del diagnóstico molecular y el tiempo medio hasta el diagnóstico fueron 39 ± 12.9, 45.1 ± 12.1 y 6.4 ± 6.4 años, respectivamente. En el análisis comparativo, los grupos de inicio neuropsiquiátrico y juvenil tuvieron un tiempo de diagnóstico más prolongado que los grupos de inicio típico y motor (p = 0.02 y p < 0.01, respectivamente). En el análisis de regresión lineal, el inicio neuropsiquiátrico y juvenil fueron factores de riesgo independientes. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico tardío mostró relación con un inicio neuropsiquiátrico y la aparición temprana de la EH.

Abstract Objective: This study aims to identify the possible factors that delay the time-to-diagnosis of Huntington's disease (HD). Methods: A cross-sectional study in HD patients was carried out. Variables registered were CAG repeats, age of onset, primary symptom at onset, age of molecular diagnosis, and time-to-diagnosis, among others. Results: 107 patients (50.5% female) with a mean age of 49 ± 12.8 years (y) were included in the study. Median CAG size was 45 (38-73). Mean age of onset, mean age of molecular diagnosis, and mean time-to-diagnosis were 39 ± 12.9, 45.1 ± 12.1, and 6.4 ± 6.4 years, respectively. In the comparative analysis, the neuropsychiatric- and the young-onset groups had a longer time-to-diagnosis than the motor- and typical-onset groups (p = 0.02 and p < 0.01, respectively). In the linear regression analysis, neuropsychiatric- and young-onset were independent risk factors. Conclusions: Delayed diagnosis showed relation to neuropsychiatric- and early-onset in HD.

Abstract Introduction: In cholelithiasis, lipid and histopathological alterations have been found and suggest the accumulation of lipids in the gallbladder tissue (cholesterolosis), due to the few existing reports a study was carried out to determine their association. Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between the lipid profile and gallbladder histopathology in patients with cholelithiasis undergoing cholecystectomy. Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional, analytical, and prospective study was carried out in a group of patients from the Hospital General de México “Eduardo Liceaga” undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy from January 2015 to January 2020. With approval of the protocol by the ethics and research committee, the following variables were considered: age, sex, BMI, comorbidities (diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cirrhosis), LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and histopathological findings (cholesterolosis, polyps, xanthogranulomatosis, acute cholecystitis, and cholecystitis chronicle). A descriptive and inferential analysis was performed with SPSS v.24. It was considered p < 0.05 as significant. Results: From a group of 302 patients, 133 cases (108 women and 25 men) were included in the study. They presented overweight (39%) and obesity (33%), the lipid profile with hypoalphalipoproteinemia (61%), hypertriglyceridemia (40%), hypercholesterolemia (17%), and elevated LDL-C (16%); and in histopathology chronic cholecystitis (70%), cholesterolosis (28%), and acute cholecystitis (7%). Discussion: Our sample is representative of the Mexican population (in physical characteristics and lipid profile). However, no significant association was found between dyslipidemia and histopathological findings.